NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Lorem Ipsum

In publishing and graphic design, lorem ipsum is standard placeholder text used to demonstrate the graphic elements of a document or visual presentation, such as font, typography, and layout. Lorem ipsum also serves as placeholder text in mock-ups of visual design projects before the actual words are inserted into the finished product. When used in this manner, it is often called greeking. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1008x1132, 46 KB) Summary Description: Lorem ipsum text on a website design proposal. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1008x1132, 46 KB) Summary Description: Lorem ipsum text on a website design proposal. ... â€œPublisherâ€ redirects here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... For the origin and evolution of fonts, see History of western typography. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Layout, in publishing, is the process of arranging editorial content, advertising, graphics and other information in a manner that creates an effective presentation. ...

Even though using "lorem ipsum" often arouses curiosity due to its resemblance to classical Latin, it is not intended to have meaning. Where text is visible in a document, people tend to focus on the textual content rather than upon overall presentation, so publishers use lorem ipsum when displaying a typeface or design in order to direct the focus to presentation. "Lorem ipsum" also approximates a typical distribution of letters in English, which helps to shift the focus to presentation. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

History and discovery

The text is derived from Cicero's De finibus bonorum et malorum (On the Ends of Goods and Evils, or alternatively [About] The Purposes of Good and Evil ).^[1] The original passage began: Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit (Translation: "Neither is there anyone who loves grief itself since it is grief and thus wants to obtain it"). It is not known exactly when the text acquired its current standard form; it may have been as early as the 1500s^[2] (albeit with subsequent minor changes) or as late as the 1960s. The passage was discovered by Richard McClintock, a Latin scholar who is the publications director at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, by searching for citings of the rarely used word 'consectetur' in classical literature. Cicero at about age 60, from an ancient marble bust Marcus Tullius Cicero (IPA:Classical Latin pronunciation: , usually pronounced in American English or in British English; January 3, 106 BC â€“ December 7, 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, political theorist, philosopher, widely considered one of Romes greatest orators... The decade of years from 1500 to 1509, inclusive. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... Hampden-Sydney College is a liberal arts college for men located in Hampden-Sydney, Virginia. ... Official language(s) English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Area Ranked 35th - Total 42,774 sq mi (110,785 kmÂ²) - Width 200 miles (320 km) - Length 430 miles (690 km) - % water 7. ...

English translation

Cicero's original text: "…neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?"

H. Rackham's 1914 translation: "Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?"

Variations

Many variations on the standard lorem ipsum text exist, some with little resemblance to the original. Other versions have additional letters — such as k, w, and z — that were uncommon or missing in the Latin, and nonsense words such as Z.zril, takimata, and gubergren added to the original passage to achieve a distribution of letters that more closely approximates English.

Cicero's first Oration against Catiline is sometimes used in type specimens: Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra? Quam diu etiam furor iste tuus nos eludet? . . . In 63 BC Marcus Tullius Cicero (106â€“43 BC), orator, statesman and patriot, attained the rank of consul and in that capacity exposed to the Roman Senate the plot of Lucius Sergius Catilina (approx. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Today's popular version of lorem ipsum was first created for Aldus Corporation's first desktop publishing program Aldus PageMaker in the mid-1980s for the Apple Macintosh. Art director Laura Perry adapted older forms of the lorem text from typography samples. The text was frequently used in PageMaker templates. Aldus Corporation (named after the 15th-century Venetian printer Aldus Manutius) was the inventor of the groundbreaking PageMaker software for the Apple Macintosh, a program that is generally credited with creating the desktop publishing (DTP) field. ... Adobe InDesign CS2, one of many popular desktop publishing applications. ... PageMaker was the first desktop publishing program, introduced in 1985 by Aldus Corporation, initially for the Apple Macintosh but soon after also for the PC. It relies on Adobe Systems PostScript page description language. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Various pieces of software, including text editors (or plug-in modules for same), can generate semi-random "lorem text" that often has little or nothing in common with the canonical variety, other than looking like (and often being) jumbled Latin. Apple, Inc.'s Pages software uses this jumbled text as a sample screenplay for their screenplay layout.

See also

This page lists direct English translations of common Latin phrases, such as veni vidi vici and et cetera. ... Li Europan lingues is a quote in Occidental, an international auxiliary language devised by Edgar von Wahl in 1922. ... // ETAOIN SHRDLU (often pronounced et-ee-oin shurd-loo) is the approximate order of frequency of the twelve most commonly used letters in the English language, best known as a nonsense phrase that sometimes appeared in print in the days of hot type publishing due to a custom of Linotype...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Category: Typography Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A page is one side of a leaf of paper. ... Pagination is the system by which pages of a book, play, manuscript, or otherwise handwritten or printed document, are marked with consecutive arabic numbers, to indicate the proper order of the pages. ... The recto of a broadsheet, pamphlet or any printed document is the side that is meant to be read first or the right-hand page of a folded sheet. ... The verso of a broadsheet, pamphlet or any printed document is the side that is meant to be read second or the left-hand page of a folded sheet. ... In typography, a margin is the white space that surrounds the content of a page. ... An example of a two column layout with caption. ... Recto page from a rare Blackletter Bible (1497) In the field of book design, proportions of pages, type areas (print spaces), and margins of medieval books have been analyzed by scholars, and several canons of page construction have been described by them to represent the ways in which these books... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... A pilcrow is used to indicate a paragraph. ... In typesetting, widow refers to the final line of a paragraph that falls at the top the following page of text, separated from the remainder of the paragraph on the previous page. ... In typography, leading (IPA , rhymes with heading) refers to the amount of added vertical spacing between lines of type. ... In typography, rivers, or rivers of white, are visually unattractive gaps appearing to run down a paragraph of text. ... In typography and penmanship, the baseline is the line upon which most letters sit and under which descenders extend. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... In typesetting, alignment, is the horizontal positioning and alignment of text or images within a line, typically relative to a column. ... In typesetting, justification is the setting of text or images within a column or measure to align along both the left and right margin. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Ligature (palaeography). ... Examples or headline letter-spacing In typography, letter-spacing, also called tracking, refers to the amount of space between a group of letters to affect density in a line or block of text. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Capital letters or majuscules (in the Roman alphabet: A, B, C, ...) are one type of case in a writing system. ... Minuscule, or lower case, is the smaller form (case) of letters (in the Roman alphabet: a, b, c, ...). Originally alphabets were written entirely in majuscule (capital) letters which were spaced between well-defined upper and lower bounds. ... Initial P in Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire Detail from a rare Blackletter Bible (1497) printed in Strasbourg by J.R.Grueninger. ... In typography, the x-height or corpus size refers to the height of the lowercase letter x in any font, which is usually the same for a, c, e, m, n, o, r, s, u, v, w, and z. ... The ascenders are the parts of the characters that lie above the midline, highlighted in red. ... The descenders are the parts of the characters that lie below the baseline, highlighted in red. ... Example of a letter with a diacritic A diacritical mark or diacritic, also called an accent, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation or to distinguish between similar words. ... In typography, a counter is an area entirely or partially enclosed by a letter form or a symbol (the counter-space/ the hole of). ... A subscript is a number, figure, or indicator that appears below the normal line of type, typically used in a formula, mathematical expression, or description of a chemical compound. ... This article is about the term superscript as used in typography. ... For the origin and evolution of fonts, see History of western typography. ... In typography, serifs are non-structural details on the ends of some of the strokes that make up letters and symbols. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A sample of the Rockwell typeface, a slab serif font In typography, a slab serif (also called mechanistic, square serif or egyptian) typeface is a type of serif typeface characterized by thick, block-like serifs. ... In typography, serifs are the small features at the end of strokes within letters. ... Blackletter in a Latin Bible of AD 1407, on display in Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England. ... Kuenstler Script is an example of a formal script. ... A dingbat is an ornament or spacer used in typesetting, sometimes more formally known as a printers ornament. The term supposedly originated as onomatopoeia in old style metal-type print shops, where extra space around text or illustrations would be filled by dinging an ornament into the space... The term punctuation has two different linguistic meanings: in general, the act and the effect of punctuating, i. ... In typography, hanging punctuation is a way of typesetting punctuation marks, most commonly quotation marks, so that they do not disrupt the â€˜flowâ€™ of a body of text. ... A hyphen ( - ) is a punctuation mark. ... Quotation marks or inverted commas (also called quotes and speech marks) are punctuation marks used in pairs to set off speech, a quotation, a phrase or a word. ... For other uses, see Dash (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Dash (disambiguation). ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Type design is the art of designing typefaces. ... A type foundry is a company that designs and/or distributes typefaces. ... A case of cast metal type pieces and typeset matter in a composing stick Movable type is the system of printing and typography using movable pieces of metal type, made by casting from matrices struck by letterpunches. ... Contemporary Calligraphy Calligraphy (from Greek kallos beauty + grapháº½ writing) is the art of beautiful writing (Mediavilla 1996: 17). ... Phototypesetting is a method of setting type with light (photo). ... Letterpress printing is the oldest printing technique, in which a raised surface is inked and then pressed against a smooth substance to obtain an image in reverse. ... For the origin and evolution of fonts, see History of western typography. ... In typography, a font is traditionally defined as a complete character set of a single size of a particular typeface. ... In typography, a typeface is a co-ordinated set of character designs, which usually comprises an alphabet of letters, a set of numerals and a set of punctuation marks. ... A point is a unit of measure in typography. ... A pica (pronounced PIKE-ah, SAMPA /paIk@/) is a unit of measure traditionally used in document layout. ... A cicero (pronounced SIS-er-oh, IPA ) is a unit of measure traditionally used in document layout. ... An em is a unit of measurement in the field of typography, equal to the pt size of the current font. ... An en is a typographic unit, half of the width of an em. ... In type design and typography, the word Hamburgefonts (alternatively styled HAMBURGEFONTS or hamburgefonts) is a word used to sample a font. ... In traditional typography, punchcutting is the process by which matrices were made in hard metal for type founding in the early days. ... A character encoding or character set (sometimes referred to as code page) consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given set with something else, such as a sequence of natural numbers, octets or electrical pulses, in order to facilitate the storage of text in computers... Font rasterization is the process of converting text from a vector description (as found in scalable fonts such as TrueType fonts) to a raster or bitmap description. ... A font test with (lower rows) and without hinting (upper rows) at 100% (above) and 400% (below). ...

Contents

English translation

Variations

See also

References

External links