Falak-ol-aflak, built by the Sassanids, is almost 1800 years old. During the Pahlavi era, it was used as a prison.

Lorestan (Luri: Luristan; also Lurestan or Loristan) comprises a province and an historic territory of western Iran amidst the Zagros Mountains. The center of the Lorestan Province is the city of Khorramabad. The famous Falak-ol-Aflak Castle is situated inside this city. province of Iran File links The following pages link to this file: Lorestan Categories: GFDL images ... Falak ol Aflak, Lorestan province Iran. ... Falak ol Aflak, Lorestan province Iran. ... Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad Caliphate... The Pahlavi dynasty began with the crowning of Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1925 and ended with the Iranian Revolution of 1979, and the subsequent collapse of the ancient tradition of Iranian monarchy. ... Luri is a dialect of Persian language. ... The Zagros Mountains are Irans second largest range in terms of area covered. ... Khorramabad (or Khorram Abad) is the capital of Lorestan, a province in western Iran. ... Falak-ol-aflak is almost 1800 years old. ...

Lurestan covers an area of 28,392 km². The major cities in this province are: Khorramabad, Borujerd, Aligoodarz, Dorood, Koohdasht, Azna, Delfan, Selseleh, Alashtar, Nurabad, and Pol-e-Dokhtar. Khorramabad (or Khorram Abad) is the capital of Lorestan, a province in western Iran. ... Borujerd is a city in the Lorestan province in western Iran. ... Aligoodarz is a city in the province of Lorestan in western Iran. ... Dorood (also Dorud) is a city in the Lorestan province in western Iran. ... Koohdasht is a city in the Lorestan province in western Iran. ... Azna is a city in the Lorestan province in western Iran. ... Delfan is a city in the Lorestan province in western Iran. ... Selseleh is a city in the Lorestan province in western Iran. ... Alashtar is a city in the Lorestan province in western Iran. ... Nurabad is a city in the Lorestan province in western Iran. ... Pol-e-Dokhtar (Bridge of the Daughter) is a city in the Lorestan province in western Iran. ...

In 1996, the province had a population of approximately 1.6 million people. 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

Geography and climate

The name Lorestan means Land of the Lurs, and in the wider sense consists of that part of western Iran bounded by Iraq and extending for about 400 miles on a northwest to southeast axis from Kermanshah to Fars, with a breadth of 100 to 140 miles. The terrain consists chiefly of mountains, with numerous ranges, part of the Zagros chain, running northwest to southeast. The central range has many summits which almost reach the line of perpetual snow, rising to 13,000 feet and more, and it feeds the headwaters of Iran's most important rivers, such as the Zayandeh rud, Jarahi, Karun, Dix, Abi, Karkheh. Between the higher ranges lie many fertile plains and low hilly, well-watered districts. Kermanshah (Persian: کرمانشاه, KirmaÅŸan in Kurdish) is the capital of Kermanshah Province of Iran. ... Fars (Persian: فارس) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... The Zagros Mountains (In Persian:رشته‌کوه‌های زاگرس) make up Irans second largest mountain range. ... Zayandeh Rud river as it passes under 33 pol in Isfahan. ... Karun River passing the Iranian city of Ahvaz The Karun river is Irans longest, and only navigable, river. ...

The highest point of the province is Oshtoran Kooh peak at 4,050 m. The low-lying areas being in the southern most sector of the province, are approximately 500 m above sea level.

The climate is generally sub-humid continental with winter precipitation, a lot of which falls as snow (Köppen Csa). Because it lies on the westernmost slopes of the Zagros Mountains, annual precipitation in Lorestan is among the highest anywhere in Iran south of the Alborz Mountains. At Khorramabad, the average annual precipitation totals 530 millimetres (21 inches) of rainfall equivalent, whilst up to 1270 millimetres (50 inches) may fall on the highest mountains. The months June to September are usually absolutely dry, but Khorramabad can expect 4 inches of rainfall equivalent in December and January. For other uses, see Snow (disambiguation). ... The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. ... The Zagros Mountains are Irans second largest range in terms of area covered. ... Alborz Mountains underneath clouds seen from Tehran Alborz (in Persian البرز), also written as Alburz or Elburz, is a mountain range in northern Iran, stretching from the borders of Armenia in the north-west to the southern end of the Caspian Sea, where also Tehran and Irans highest peak...

Temperatures vary widely with the seasons and between day and night. At Khorramabad, summer temperatures typically range from a minimum of 12°C (54°F) to a hot maximum of 32°C (90°F). In winter, they range from a minimum of -2°C (28°F) to a chilly maximum of 8°C (46°F).

History

Imamzadeh Jafar, built during the Ilkhanid period, in Borujerd, has a peculiar style of architecture rarely seen in other provinces in Iran.

Lorestan province is one of the oldest regions of Iran. In the third and fourth millennium BCE, migrant tribes settled down in the mountainous area of the Zagros mountains. The Kassites, an ancient peoples who spoke neither Indo-European languages nor Semitic languages, originated in Lorestan. Imam zadeh Jafar, Borujerd, Iran. ... Imam zadeh Jafar, Borujerd, Iran. ... The interiors of many Imamzadehs are covered with mirrors to create a brilliant display of light. ... Khanates of Mongolian Empire: Il-Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Empire of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty), Golden Horde The Ilkhanate (also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate) was one of the four divisions within the Mongol Empire. ... Borujerd is a city in the Lorestan province in western Iran. ... The Zagros Mountains (In Persian:رشته‌کوه‌های زاگرس) make up Irans second largest mountain range. ... The Kassites were a Near Eastern mountain tribe of obscure origins, who spoke a non-Indo-European, non-Semitic language. ... The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred languages and dialects (443 according to the SIL estimate), including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many in Southwest Asia, Central Asia and Southern Asia. ... 14th century BC diplomatic letter in Akkadian, found in Tell Amarna. ...

Some researchers believe that the Lurs are a branch of the Iranian people who migrated to this region from east of Caspian Sea in the beginning of the first millennium BCE. The current inhabitants of Lorestan have intermingled with the Bakhtiaris and the Kurds. The languages of the inhabitants of the province are called Luri and Laki. The Laks have mainly settled in Koohdasht and Alishtar, while the Lurs are primarily centered around Khorramabad. Their dialect possesses much distinct grammar and vocabulary. Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea is a LAKE MY HOMIE DOGG of Eurasia between Asia and Europe. ... The Bakhtiari (or Bakhtiyari) are a group of southwestern Iranian people. ... The Kurds are a people inhabiting parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey (a contiguous region commonly referred to as Kurdistan). ... Luri is a dialect of Persian language. ... Laki is an Iranian language of the north-western branch spoken in the central Zagros region of Iran (Luristan province). ... The Laks are an Iranian ethnic group in southwestern Iran. ... Koohdasht is a city in the Lorestan province in western Iran. ...

According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, the Lurs, previously open adherents of the Ahl-e-Haqq faith, revere bread and fire like the Zoroastrians. "Being split up into numerous tribes and sections, they migrate to their summer pastures as separate bands without overall command. In 1936, Reza Shah's army conquered them, with much bloodshed and starvation, forcing many of the survivors to settle in villages under landlords." [1]. The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is a scholarly encyclopaedia covering all aspects of Islamic civilization and history. ... Ahl-e Haqq (Persian:اهل حق), also referred to as Yarsan or Yaresan and Ali-Ilahis or Aliullahis by crtiticizers , is a Sufi order in Iran. ... Zoroastrianism (Persian: آيين زرتشتی) also known as Mazdaism by some followers and Zarathustrianism by others, is a monotheistic religion. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Reza Shah Pahlavi Reza Shah Pahlavi (Persian: رضا پهلوی) (b. ...

People and culture

Ethnologists classify the Lurs as indigenous Iranians, closely related to the Kurds. As stated above, their language, called Luri, is closely related to Persian, and there are two distinct dialects of this language. Lur-e-Bozourg (Greater Lur), which is spoken by the Bakhtiaris, and Lur-e-Kuchik (Lesser Lur), spoken by the Lurs themselves. In Khuzestan, Lur tribes are primarily concentrated in the northern part of the province, while in Ilam they are mainly in the southern region. Luri is a dialect of Persian language. ... Persian is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... The Bakhtiari (or Bakhtiyari) are a group of southwestern Iranian people. ... Map showing Khuzestan in Iran Domes like this are quite common in Khuzestan province. ... // Introduction Ilam province is on the western edges of the Zagros range, bordering Iraq. ...

Prior to the 20th century the majority of Lurs were nomadic herders, with an urban minority residing in the city of Khorramabad. There were several attempts by the Pahlavi governments to forcibly settle the nomadic segment of the Lur population. Under Reza Shah, these campaigns tended to be unsuccessful. The last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, used less forceful methods along with economic incentives, which met with greater, though not complete, success. By the mid-1980s the vast majority of Lurs had been settled in towns and villages throughout the province, or had migrated to the major urban centres. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Communities of nomadic people move from place to place, rather than settling down in one location. ... Khorramabad (or Khorram Abad) is the capital of Lorestan, a province in western Iran. ... The Pahlavi script was used broadly in the Sasanid Persian Empire to write down Middle Persian for secular, as well as religious purposes. ... Reza Shah Pahlavi Reza Shah Pahlavi (Persian: رضا پهلوی) (b. ... One of the worlds longest-lasting monarchies, the Iranian monarchy went through many transformations over the centuries, from the days of Persia to the creation of what is now modern day Iran. ... Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...

A number of nomadic Lur tribes continue to exist in the province. Amongst the settled urban populace the authority of tribal elders still remains a strong influence, though not as dominant as it is amongst the nomads. As in Bakhtiari and Kurdish societies, Lur women have had much greater freedoms than women in other Iranian groups. A Persian woman here as depicted during the Safavi period of Iran. ...

Northern region

Golden masks. Excavated in Kalmakareh, Lorestan. First half of first Millennium BC. National Museum of Iran.

In the northern part of Lorestan, formerly known as Lur-e-Kuchik (Lesser Lorestan), live the Feili Lurs, divided into the Pishkuh Lurs in the east and Pushtkuh Lurs in the adjoining Iraqi territory in the west. Image File history File linksMetadata Masks_iran_ancient. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Masks_iran_ancient. ... Entrance of the National Museum of Iran, the vault is built in the style of Persias Sassanid vaults The National Museum of Iran (in Persian: موزه ایران باستان Muze-ye Irân-e Bâstân) is an archeological and historical museum located in Tehran. ...

Lesser Lorestan maintained its independence under a succession of princes of the Khorshidi dynasty, known as Atabegs, from 55 CE to the beginning of the 17th century. Shah Abbas I then removed the last Atabeg, Shah Verdi Khan, and entrusted the government of the province to Hossein Khan, the chief of a rival tribe, with the title of Vali in exchange for that of Atabeg. The descendants of Hossein Khan retained the title as governors of the Pushtkuh Lurs, to whom only the denomination of Feili now applies. Atabeg is a title of nobility of Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a king or Emperor but senior to a Khan. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Shah Abbas I of Safavid at a banquet Detail from a celing fresco; Chehel Sotoun palace; Isfahan Shah Abbas King of the Persians Copper engraving by Dominicus Custos, from his Atrium heroicum Caesarum pub. ... Wali (plural Auliyaa) is an Arabic word, literally meaning protector or guardian, also adopted in various other Islamic cultures. ...

Southern region

The southern part of the province, formerly known as Lur-e-Bozourg (Greater Lorestan), comprises the Bakhtiari region of the province of Khuzestan and the districts of the Mamasenni and Kuhgilu Lurs which are located in Fars province. At one time, Greater Lorestan formed an independent state under the Fazlevieh Atabegs from 1160 until 1424 CE. Its capital, Idaj, survives as mounds and ruins at Malamir, 60 miles southeast of the city of Shushtar in Khuzestan. Map showing Khuzestan in Iran Domes like this are quite common in Khuzestan province. ... Fars (Persian: فارس) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... Events Erik den helige is succeeded by Karl Sverkersson. ... Events August 17 - Battle of Verneuil - An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under the Duke of Alençon, John Stuart, and Earl Archibald of Douglas. ... A city in Iranian province of Lorestan near the Bakhtiyari mountains, northeast of Susa. ... Shûshtar is an ancient fortress city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ...

Lur man in traditional clothing, 1921

Download high resolution version (235x670, 41 KB)Lur man in traditional dress, from 1921 National Geographic Magazine. ... Download high resolution version (235x670, 41 KB)Lur man in traditional dress, from 1921 National Geographic Magazine. ...

Celebrities of Lorestan

• Ali Akbar Shekarchi, Kamancheh player
• Shamirza Moradi, Oboe player
• Nasrollah Kasraian, Photographer
• Ali Reza Hosseinkhani, Kamancheh player
• Reza Saghaee, Singer
• Nasser Gholamrezai, Filmmaker
• Dr. Sekandar Amanollahi Baharvand, Social-Cultural author
• Ali Mohammad Saki, Social-Cultural author
• Esfandiar Ghazanfari Amraee, poet.
• Ayatollah Rouhollah Boroujerdi, Religious grand cleric, master of Imam Khomeini.
• Ayatollah Rouhollah Kamalvand, senior religious cleric.
• Hamid Izadpanah, poet.
• Dr Abdolhosein Zarrinkoub, the famous writer, historian, critic
• Dr Sayyed Ja’far Shahidi, writer, historian, critic
• Abdol Mohammad Ayati, poet
• Mehrdad Avesta, poet
• Mola Hagh-Ali Siah Poosh, poet (1323 AH)
• Mola Parishan, poet (7th century AH)

The kamancheh or kamānche (کمانچه - violinette) is a Persian instrument similar to a violin. ... The kamancheh or kamānche (کمانچه - violinette) is a Persian instrument similar to a violin. ... Ayatollah Sayyid Husayn Borujerdi (آیت‌الله سیدحسين بورجردی in Persian, 1914 -2003) was a Grand Shiite ayatollah. ... Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub, prominent historian of Persian literature. ...

Lorestan today

Attractions

Lorestan has 263 sites of historical and cultural significance according to Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization.

Some of the more popular attractions are:

• 6th Century Inscription, Khorramabad
• Falak-ol-Aflak Castle
• Sassanid Kashgan Bridge, Koohdasht
• Khorramabad Tower
• Borujerd Jame' Mosque
• Imamzadeh Jafar, Borujerd
• Soltani Mosque, Borujerd
• Borujerd Jame' Mosque
• Pariz Kooh Mountain Dorood
• Gahar Lake, Dorood
• Kiyou Lake, Khorramabad
• Oshtoran Kooh Mountain, Dorood
• Bisheh Waterfall Dorood

Falak-ol-aflak is almost 1800 years old. ...

Colleges and universities

• 1. Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
  2. University of Lorestan
  3. Islamic Azad University of Borujerd
  4. Islamic Azad University of Dorood
  5. Islamic Azad University of Aligudarz
  6. Islamic Azad University of Khorram Abad
  7. Payam Nour University of Poldokhtar
  8. Payam Nour University of Alashtar
  9. Payam Nour University of boroujerd
  10. Al-ghadir Applicational Scientific Comprehensive University
  11. Shahid Madani school of Khoramabad
  12. Ma’soumeh School of Khoramabad

gahar lake place of dorood

See also

• Demographics of Iran
• Ethnic minorities in Iran
• Falak-ol-Aflak Castle

Ethnolinguistic groups in Iran Irans population was estimated to be 68,688,433 in July 2006, with nearly two-fifths of its people being 15 years of age or younger. ... This article focuses on ethnic minorities in Iran and their related political issues and current realities. ... Falak-ol-aflak is almost 1800 years old. ...

External links

Government

• Lorestan Province Cultural Heritage Organization
• Lorestan Governor's Office
• Agricultural Jihad Organization of Lorestan Province
• Lorestan Department of Education
• Lorestan Urban Utilities Company
• Lorestan Rural Utilities Company

Peoples and culture

• Lorestan.Org Information portal
• History of the Lur people
• Article about Lurs from the Encyclopedia of Islam
• Bakhtiari Tribe website
• Lorestan Music
• Zagros Online, a website from Borujerd

Current events

• News report concerning recent deadly earthquakes in Lorestan from Wikinews

Wikinews is a free-content news source and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Provinces of Iran
Ardabil • Bushehr • Chahar Mahaal and Bakhtiari • East Azarbaijan • Isfahan • Fars • Guilan • Golestan • Hamadan • Hormozgan • Ilam • Kerman • Kermanshah • Khuzestan • Kohkiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad • Kurdistan • Lorestan • Markazi • Mazandaran • North Khorasan • Qazvin • Qom • Razavi Khorasan • Semnan • Sistan and Baluchistan • South Khorasan • Tehran • West Azarbaijan • Yazd • Zanjan