Lost Ten Tribes, also referenced as the Ten Lost Tribes or the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel, usually refers to the tribes of the ancient Kingdom of Israel that disappear from the Biblical account after the Kingdom of Israel was totally destroyed, enslaved and exiled by ancient Assyria. The Kingdom of Israel (Hebrew: מַלְכוּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard Hebrew Malḫut Yisraʼel, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ Yiśrāʼēl) was the Kingdom proclaimed by the Israelite nation around 1050 BC. The nation itself was formed as the Israelites left the Land of Goshen, Egypt during the Exodus at an uncertain date, often... Parts of this article contradict each other. ... Assyria in earliest historical times referred to a region on the Upper Tigris river, named for its original capital, the city of Ashur. ...

This is a subject that is partially based upon authenticated and documented historical fact; partially upon written religious tradition and partially upon extreme speculation. There is no specific source that can be relied upon for a complete answer.

The Tribes in History

The Kingdom of Israel actually consisted of only nine tribes - Reuben, Manasseh, Ephraim, Gad, Asher, Dan, Naphtali, Zebulun, and Issachar. Of these, it is quite likely that Reuben had disappeared well before the destruction of the Kingdom in the 8th century. The reason for the misnomer came from counting only two tribes as surviving in the neighboring Kingdom of Judah - Judah and Benjamin. The Tribe of Simeon, however, apparently became absorbed by the tribe of Judah during the period of the Judges. The Tribe of Reuben (רְאוּבֵן, Standard Hebrew Rəʾuven, Tiberian Hebrew Rəʾûḇēn) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Reuben son of Jacob. ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ... Tribe of Ephraim (Hebrew alphabet אֶפְרַיִם / אֶפְרָיִם double fruitfulness, Standard Hebrew Efráyim, Tiberian Hebrew ʾEp̄ráyim / ʾEp̄rāyim) - took precedence over that of Manasseh by virtue of Jacobs blessing (Gen. ... The Tribe of Gad (גָּד soldier, Standard Hebrew Gad, Tiberian Hebrew Gāḏ) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Gad son of Jacob, who was born to Zilpah, the handmaiden of Jacobs first wife, Leah. ... The Tribe of Asher (אָשֵׁר happy, Standard Hebrew Ašer, Tiberian Hebrew ʾĀšēr) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Asher son of Jacob. ... The Tribe of Dan (דָּן Judge, Standard Hebrew Dan, Tiberian Hebrew Dān) is one of the Hebrew tribes, which the Bible claims was founded by Dan, son of Jacob and Bilhah, Rachels maidservant (Genesis 30:4). ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ... The Tribe of Issachar (יִשָּׂשׁכָר Reward; recompense, Standard Hebrew Yissaḫar, Tiberian Hebrew Yiśśâḵār) is one of the Hebrew tribes, which the Bible claims was founded by Issachar son of Jacob. ... The Kingdom of Judah (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יְהוּדָה, Standard Hebrew Malḫut YÉ™huda, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ YÉ™hûḏāh) in the times of the Hebrew Bible, was the nation formed from the territories of the tribes of Judah, Simeon and Benjamin after the Kingdom of Israel was divided, and was named after... The Tribe of Judah (יְהוּדָה Praise, Standard Hebrew Yəhuda, Tiberian Hebrew Yəhûḏāh) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Judah son of Jacob. ... The Tribe of Benjamin (בִּנְיָמִין Son of my right hand but in some Rabbinical Judaism traditions Son of the south, Standard Hebrew Binyamin, Tiberian Hebrew Binyāmîn) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Benjamin, son of Jacob. ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ...

It is now generally believed that the exiled tribes, who were, according to the Second Book of Kings, transported to the region of Media in what is now northwestern Iran, most likely simply assimilated with the population of the area, losing any special sense of Israelite identity. The Books of Kings (also known as [The Book of] Kings in Hebrew: Sefer Melachim מלכים) is a part of Judaisms Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible. ...

Background to controversy

Since at least the 17th century, however, both Jews and Christians have proposed theories concerning the lost tribes. This is a subject that is partially based upon both ancient and modern theories that are not necessarily compatible with each other and in some instances actually hostile to each other. There is no specific source that can be relied upon for a completely objective historically authenticated answer. (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament writings of his early followers. ... The word theory has a number distinct meanings depending on the context. ...

From the point of view of Jewish tradition, it is held by some that in order to fully understand this subject one must first understand what happened to the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Tanakh in Hebrew. (See reference section for a list of related articles). An Ashkenazic Jewish tradition speaks of the Lost Tribes as Die Roite Yiddelech, "The little red Jews", cut off from the rest of Jewry by the legendary river Sambation "whose foaming waters raise high up into the sky a wall of fire and smoke that is impossible to pass through". [Rosen, 1987] 11th century manuscript of the Hebrew Bible with Targum Hebrew Bible refers to the common portions of the Jewish and Christian canons. ... 11th century Targum Tanakh [תנ״ך] (also spelt Tanach or Tenach) is an acronym for the three parts of the Hebrew Bible, based upon the initial Hebrew letters of each part: Torah [תורה] (The Law; also: Teaching or Instruction), Chumash [חומש] (The five, also Pentateuch or The five books of... Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by 6 million people mainly in Israel, parts of the Palestinian territories, the United States and by Jewish communities around the world. ... Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִי אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים Standard Hebrew, AÅ¡kanazi,AÅ¡kanazim, Tiberian Hebrew, ʾAÅ¡kănāzî, ʾAÅ¡kănāzîm, pronounced sing. ... This article needs to be wikified. ...

These theories date to at least the time of Oliver Cromwell in the 17th century and probably much earlier. There is no single source of information for these theories since many of them are incompatible with each other and they are not necessarily related by timeframe, by theory or even by religion since Jews have been among its advocates. What these theories all share in common is an agreement that at one time a Kingdom of Israel once existed in the disputed lands currently inhabited by the present-day state of Israel; Palestinians on the West Bank of the River Jordan; and some areas currently belonging to adjoining nations to these lands. How and why the tribes that once inhabited the Kingdom of Israel ever became "lost" to history, assuming that their whereabouts were or are not known, which in itself is not an agreed upon basis for discussion of this subject, is another matter which must be researched by following appropriate links. This article deals with the history of the theories and gives some basic details of those who have or who still are advocating such theories. Unfinished portrait miniature of Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper, 1657. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... The Kingdom of Israel (Hebrew: מַלְכוּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard Hebrew Malḫut Yisraʼel, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ Yiśrāʼēl) was the Kingdom proclaimed by the Israelite nation around 1050 BC. The nation itself was formed as the Israelites left the Land of Goshen, Egypt during the Exodus at an uncertain date, often... The Palestinian flag, adopted in 1948, is a widely recognized modern symbol of the Palestinian people. ... This article is about the Jordan River in western Asia. ...

Varied claims

"There are quite a number of peoples today who cling to the ancient tradition that they are descended from the Jewish Lost Tribes: the tribesmen of Afghanistan, the Mohammedan Berbers of West Africa, and the six million Christian Igbo people of Nigeria. Unquestionably, they all practice certain ancient Hebraic customs and beliefs, which lends some credibility to their fantastic-sounding claims." (cited on p. 217, Pictorial History of the Jewish People by Nathan Ausubel, 1953). Islam   listen? (Arabic: al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, and the worlds second largest religion. ... The Berbers (also called Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. ... West Africa is the region of western Africa that, most strictly speaking, includes the countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte dIvoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. ... The Igbo are a people living in Nigeria, where they constitute an estimated 15% of the population. ...

On December 23, 1649, after Manasseh ben Israel, a noted rabbi of Amsterdam had been told by Montezinus that some of the Lost Tribes were living among the Indians in South America, he wrote to the English Puritan John Dury ... December 23 is the 357th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (358th in leap years). ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... Menasseh Ben Israel (1604-1657), Jewish Rabbi, scholar, writer, diplomat, printer and publisher, founder of the first Hebrew printing press in Amsterdam in 1626. ... Rabbi (Classical Hebrew רִבִּי ribbī;; modern Ashkenazi and Israeli רַבִּי rabbī) in Judaism, means teacher, or more literally great one. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root-word RaV, which in biblical Hebrew means great or distinguished,. In the ancient Judean schools the sages were addressed as רִבִּי (Ribbi or Rebbi... Amsterdam Location Country The Netherlands Province North Holland Population 739,295 (1 January 2005) Coordinates 4°89E - 52°37N Website www. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... The Puritans were members of a group of radical Protestants which developed in England after the Reformation. ...

... I think that the Ten Tribes live not only there ... but also in other lands scattered everywhere; these never did come back to the Second Temple and they keep till this day still the Jewish Religion ... (ibid, Ausubel) Drawing of Herods Second Temple in Jerusalem A stone (2. ...

In the 1600s Oliver Cromwell was petitioned by Manasseh ben Israel to allow the Jews to return to England. Up until that time the Jews had been excluded by law from participation in any form of normal life within England. Since Cromwell had totally severed the link between the Pope and organized Christianity to the point of executing the king; abolishing the monarchy and House of Lords; destroying the abbeys and even banning observance of Christmas due to its (disputed) pagan heritage, the way seemed open to reverse the edicts which had forced the Jews to either flee from England, go underground or be killed between the time of the first Magna Carta of 1215 and the Magna Carta of 1297. Centuries: 16th century - 17th century - 18th century Decades: 1550s 1560s 1570s 1580s 1590s - 1600s - 1610s 1620s 1630s 1640s 1650s Years: 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 Events and Trends November 5, 1605 - The Gunpowder Plot to blow up the British Parliament. ... Unfinished portrait miniature of Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper, 1657. ... Menasseh Ben Israel (1604-1657), Jewish Rabbi, scholar, writer, diplomat, printer and publisher, founder of the first Hebrew printing press in Amsterdam in 1626. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Ethnicity... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Ethnicity... The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Catholic Church. ... Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament writings of his early followers. ... This article is about the British House of Lords. ... An abbey (from the Latin abbatia, which is derived from the Syriac abba, father), is a Christian monastery or convent, under the government of an Abbot or an Abbess, who serve as the spiritual father or mother of the community. ... Christmas (literally, the Mass of Christ) is a holiday in the Christian calendar, usually observed on December 25, which celebrates the birth of Jesus. ... Pagan may refer to: A believer in Paganism or Neopaganism. ... Magna Carta placed certain checks on the absolute power of the English Monarchs. ... Events June 15 - King John of England forced to put his seal to the Magna Carta, outlining the rights of landowning men (nobles and knights) and restricting the kings power. ... Events 8 January - Monaco gains independence. ...

The reason why Cromwell expressed an interest in the return of the Jews to England is because several other theories abounded at that time relating to the end of the world. Many of these ideas were fixed upon the year 1666 and the Fifth Monarchy Men who were looking for the return of Jesus as the Messiah who would establish a final kingdom to rule the physical world for a thousand years. They supported Cromwell's Republic in the expectation that it was a preparation for the fifth monarchy - that is, the monarchy which should succeed the Assyrian, the Persian, the Grecian, and Roman world empires. Mixed in with all of this was a background of general belief that the Lost Ten Tribes did not represent ethnic Jews who partially formed the ancient Kingdom of Judah, but tribes who maintained a separate capital at Samaria. Some have attemped to dismiss this complicated saga by stating that it is nothing but Supersessionism. However, the mythology behind these various competing theories is far more complicated, especially when Sabbatai Zevi, the false Jewish "messiah" and his supporters postulated that he represented groups in addition to those identified as being Jews. However, Zevi lost all credibility when he converted to Islam and became an apostate to Judaism in 1666. This article is about the religious concept. ... Events September 2 - Great Fire of London: A large fire breaks out in London in the house of Charles IIs baker on Pudding Lane near London Bridge. ... The Fifth Monarchy Men were a radical Puritan politico-religious party active from 1649 to 1661 (the Interregnum) during Oliver Cromwells government. ... This 11th-century portrait is one of many images of Jesus in which a halo with a cross is used. ... In Judaism, the Messiah (מָשִׁיחַ Anointed one, Standard Hebrew Mašíaḥ, Tiberian Hebrew Māšîªḥ) initially meant any person who was annointed by God to do a job. ... Assyrians are a Christian Syriac-speaking minority inhabiting northern Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and northwestern Iran, some of whom are also identified as Aramaeans, Syriacs and Chaldeans. ... Persia or Persian most often refer to: Persia The Persians, an ethnic group, also called Tajiks Persian language Persian (Pokémon) See also Iranian, Iranian peoples, Iranian languages and Aryan. ... Official Tourist Site HR-Net (Hellenic Resources Network)/ comprehensive Greek news site Official Greek Statistics Site Ask for Greece/ A volunteer community for Q&As about Greece Greece Museums/ Museum directory of Greece Take a short virtual tour of Athens Take a long virtual tour of Athens Greece Webcam Radio... Ancient Rome was a civilization that existed in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East between 753 BC and its downfall in AD 476. ... The Kingdom of Judah (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יְהוּדָה, Standard Hebrew Malḫut YÉ™huda, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ YÉ™hûḏāh) in the times of the Hebrew Bible, was the nation formed from the territories of the tribes of Judah, Simeon and Benjamin after the Kingdom of Israel was divided, and was named after... Samaria, Sumaria or Shomron (Hebrew שֹׁמְרוֹן, Standard Hebrew Å omÉ™ron, Tiberian Hebrew ŠōmÉ™rôn, Arabic سامريّون SāmariyyÅ«n, in the New Testament Greek Σαμαρεία) is a term used for the mountainous northern part of the West Bank. ... Supersessionism is the traditional Christian belief that Christianity is the fulfillment of Biblical Judaism, and therefore that Jews who deny that Jesus is the Jewish Messiah fall short of their calling as Gods Chosen people. ... Sabbatai Zevi, also transliterated Shabbethai, Shabbetai, Sabbetai, or Shabtai; Zvi or Tzvi (July 23, 1626–possibly September 30, 1676) was a famous claimed Messiah and Kabbalist. ... Islam   listen? (Arabic: al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, and the worlds second largest religion. ... Apostasy (Greek απο, apo, away, apart, στασις, stasis, standing) is the formal renunciation of ones religion. ... Judaism is the religious culture of the Jewish people. ... Events September 2 - Great Fire of London: A large fire breaks out in London in the house of Charles IIs baker on Pudding Lane near London Bridge. ...

During the latter half of the 18th century variations on this same theory were advocated by some who believed that the British Empire of nations was a manifestation of ancient prophecies recorded in the Book of Genesis predating both the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah. In the 19th century factions of the Pentecostal church and others who predated Jehovah's Witnesses advocated similar beliefs. A fascinating book concerning the biography of Pastor Charles Taze Russell (founder of the group that became Jehovah's Witnesses), and subtitled An Early American Christian Zionist was written in 1990 by David Horowitz, who for many years led the United Israel World Union. (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... Genesis (Greek: Γένεσις, having the meanings of birth, creation, cause, beginning, source and origin) is the first book of the Torah (five books of Moses) and hence the first book of the Tanakh, part of the Hebrew Bible; it is also the first book of the Christian Old Testament. ... The Kingdom of Israel (Hebrew: מַלְכוּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard Hebrew Malḫut Yisraʼel, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ YiÅ›rāʼēl) was the Kingdom proclaimed by the Israelite nation around 1050 BC. The nation itself was formed as the Israelites left the Land of Goshen, Egypt during the Exodus at an uncertain date, often... The Kingdom of Judah (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יְהוּדָה, Standard Hebrew Malḫut YÉ™huda, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ YÉ™hûḏāh) in the times of the Hebrew Bible, was the nation formed from the territories of the tribes of Judah, Simeon and Benjamin after the Kingdom of Israel was divided, and was named after... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Pentecostal movement within Protestant Christianity places special emphasis on the gifts of the Holy Spirit. ... Charles Taze Russell, (February 16, 1852 - October 31, 1916), founded the Watchtower Bible & Tract Society in 1881 as well as the International Bible Students organization in 1914, both of which evolved into what is today Jehovahs Witnesses. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... David Horowitz is: David Horowitz (1903-2002) was the founder of the United Israel World Union David Horowitz is the name of an American consumer advocate. ... United Israel World Union was founded by David Horowitz who was born in 1903 and died in 2002. ...

David Horowitz

David Horowitz was the founder of the United Israel World Union and one of eight children of Cantor Aaron and Bertha Horowitz whose family immigrated to the United States in 1914. He first went to the land of present-day Israel in 1924 as an ardent Zionist. He married and moved to Poland in 1927 where he lived with his wife's parents during her pregnancy and played a part in trying to rescue Jews from the Nazi death machine as it rolled across Europe. He moved to the U.S. in 1943 where he became an accredited correspondent to the United Nations and founded the United Israel World Union. The purpose of his organization was to preach a universal Hebraic faith for all humankind based on the Decalogue and the other universal commandments of the Torah. The hallmark of the organization was Isaiah's prescription that: David Horowitz is: David Horowitz (1903-2002) was the founder of the United Israel World Union David Horowitz is the name of an American consumer advocate. ... United Israel World Union was founded by David Horowitz who was born in 1903 and died in 2002. ... 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1924 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... A bilingual poster in Romanian and Hungarian promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s. ... 1927 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... World map showing location of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ... The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945 and now made up of 191 states. ... The Ten Commandments on a monument in the grounds of the Texas State Capitol The Ten Commandments, or Decalogue, are a list of religious and moral imperatives that feature prominently in Judaism and Christianity. ... Torah, (תורה) is a Hebrew word meaning teaching, instruction, or especially law. It primarily refers to the first section of the Tanakh–the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, or the Five Books of Moses, but can also be used in the general sense to also include both the Written... Isaiah the Prophet in Hebrew Scriptures was depicted on the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo. ...

My house will become a house of prayer for all peoples ...

This is the same verse that Herbert W. Armstrong used for his reason to build the Ambassador Auditorium in Pasadena, California, and Armstrong once announced a plan to assist in the building of a Jewish/Christian/Islamic center at Mount Sinai with the blessings of both Egyptian and Israeli leaders. Ambassador Auditorium was built on the campus of Ambassador College in Pasadena, California as both a facility to be used by the Worldwide Church of God for religious services and as a concert hall for public perfomances celebrating the performing arts. ... Pasadena is a city located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. ... State nickname: The Golden State Other U.S. States Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (R) Official languages English Area 410,000 km² (3rd)  - Land 404,298 km²  - Water 20,047 km² (4. ... Sunrise on the Mount Sinai View from the summit of Mount Sinai Sinai Peninsula, showing location of Jabal Musa Mount Sinai is the name of the mountain where, according to the Bible, God gave the Ten Commandments to Moses. ...

Nathan Ausubel

In his 1953 work Pictorial History of the Jewish People, Nathan Ausubel compiled the following list of peoples connected in one way or another to this legend: 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...

• Baghdad
• Iran
• Kurdistan
• Yemen
• Georgia
• Bokhara
• Hadhramaut
• Mountain Jews
• Afghanistan
• Bene-Israel
• Cochin
• China
• Egypt
• Algeria
• Morocco
• Libya
• Tunisia
• Djerba
• The Sahara
• Cave Dwellers = Atlas Mountains south of Tripolitania and Tunisia. Closely related to the Jews of the Sahara, they believe that their ancestors were brought as captives from Judea by Titus after 70 AD. They cut out tiny paper boats which decorate their synagogues where they pray: May a boat soon come and carry us to Jerusalem.
• The Falashas = Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Claim to have come with the Queen of Sheba to visit King Solomon.
• The Samaritans = Nablus (Shechem). Claim to be "the real Jews" and built a rival Temple on Mount Gerizim in the days of Ezra. See article on link.
• Karaites (See article on link).

A street map of Baghdad Average temperature (red) and precipitations (blue) in Baghdad *See Bagdad, Tasmania for the Australian town of a similar name. ... Kurdistan is an area in the Middle East, inhabited mainly by the Kurds, covering parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Armenia, and Syria. ... For other uses, see Bukhara (disambiguation). ... Hadhramaut, (also Hadramawt) a governorate of Yemen, is a coastal region of the south Arabian peninsula on the Gulf of Aden in the Arabian Sea, extending eastwards from Yemen to the Dhofar region of Oman. ... Mountain Jews, or Juhurim, are Jews of the eastern Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan. ... The Bene Israel (Sons of Israel) are a group of Jews who, in the mid-twentieth century, lived primarily in Bombay, Kolkata, Delhi and Ahmadabad. ... Cochin Jews, also called Malabar Jews are the ancient Jews and their descendants of the South Indian port city of Cochin. ... Djerba, or Jerba, is an island (the largest in Northern Africa) off the coast of Tunisia in the Gulf of Gabes. ... The Atlas Mountains are a mountain range in northwest Africa extending about 2400 km (1500 miles) through Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, and including The Rock of Gibraltar. ... Tripolitania is a historic region of western Libya, centered around the coastal city of Tripoli. ... Desert hills in southern Judea, looking east from the town of Arad Judea or Judaea (יהודה Praise, Standard Hebrew Yəhuda, Tiberian Hebrew Yəhûḏāh) is a term used for the mountainous southern part of historic Palestine, an area now divided between Israel, Jordan and the West Bank. ... This is about the emperor of ancient Rome. ... For other uses, see number 70. ... A synagogue or synagog (from Greek συναγωγη, transliterated sunagoge, place of assembly literally meeting, assembly) is a Jewish house of prayer and study. ... Jerusalem (31°46′ N 35°14′ E; Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushalayim; Arabic: القدس al-Quds; see also names of Jerusalem) is an ancient Middle Eastern city of key importance to the religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. ... The Beta Israel (or House of Israel), known by outsiders by the pejorative term Falasha or Falash Mura (exiles or strangers) are Jews of Ethiopian origin. ... Lake Tana from space, April 1991 Lake Tana (also spelled Tana; older spellings include Tsana and Dambea) is the source of the Blue Nile and is the largest lake in Ethiopia. ... The Queen of Sheba, referred to in the Bible, the Quran, and Ethiopic history, was the ruler of Sheba, which modern archeology places in present-day Ethiopia or Yemen . ... Solomon or Shlomo (Hebrew: שְׁלֹמֹה; Standard Hebrew: Å É™lomo; Tiberian Hebrew: Å É™lōmōh, meaning peace; Arabic: سليمان Sulayman) in the Tanakh (Old Testament), also called Jedidiah, was the fourth and last King of united Israel (including Judah), builder of the temple in Jerusalem, renowned for his great wisdom and wealth and power... Samaritans are both a religious and an ethnic group. ... Panorama of Nablus Mt. ... Shechem, Sichem or Shkhem (שְׁכֶם / שְׁכָם Shoulder, Standard Hebrew Šəḫem / Šəḫam, Tiberian Hebrew Šəḵem / Šəḵām) was the first capital of the Kingdom of Israel. ... Mount Gerizim (Samaritan Hebrew Ar-garízim) is a mountain in the West Bank near Nablus which is sacred to the Samaritan sect; it plays a role in their religion analogous to that of Jerusalem in orthodox Judaism. ... Ezra (עֶזְרָא, Standard Hebrew Ê¿Ezra, Tiberian Hebrew Ê¿Ezrâ: short for עַזְרִיאֵל My help/court is God, Standard Hebrew Ê¿Azriʾel, Tiberian Hebrew Ê¿Azrîʾēl) was the scribe who led the second body of exiled Israelites that returned from Babylon to Jerusalem in 459 BC, and the author of the Book of Ezra... Karaite Judaism is a Jewish denomination characterized by reliance on the Tanakh as the sole scripture, and rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and the Talmuds) as halakha (Legally Binding, i. ...

British Israelism

British Israelism (sometimes called Anglo-Israelism) is a complex set of theories, not necessarily compatible with each other, that have in common the idea that the British are the direct lineal descendants of the lost tribes of Israel. The theory is held by a minority of Christians, usually Protestants of British descent. British Israelism (sometimes called Anglo-Israelism) is a complex set of theories that are not identical nor are they necessarily compatible with each other. ... A Christian is a follower of Jesus Christs commandments and is one who faithfully upholds his teachings. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ...

British Israelism is typically based on the idea that large numbers of the tribes were deported by Sargon, king of Assyria, on the fall of Samaria in 721 BC. Critics of the theory point out, however, that the Assyrian chronicles of the time claim that only a small number of Israelites were deported. There have been two monarchs, a cat, and a comic book fictional character named Sargon: Sargon of Akkad Sargon II of Assyria Sargon the Sorceror Sargon the Cat Sargon is also the name of a series of chess-playing software programs for personal computers. ... Assyria in earliest historical times referred to a region on the Upper Tigris river, named for its original capital, the city of Ashur. ... Samaria, Sumaria or Shomron (Hebrew שֹׁמְרוֹן, Standard Hebrew Šoməron, Tiberian Hebrew Šōmərôn, Arabic سامريّون Sāmariyyūn, in the New Testament Greek Σαμαρεία) is a term used for the mountainous northern part of the West Bank. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 770s BC 760s BC 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC - 720s BC - 710s BC 700s BC 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC Events and Trends 728 BC - Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis and receives the submission of the rulers...

Herbert W. Armstrong

In the 20th century Herbert W. Armstrong compared all of the tribes of Israel to the populations of individual states within the U.S. He would explain that not all American citizens are Californians, but that all Californians are American citizens. He therefore did not distinguish between the Tribe of Judah and the other tribes who appeared to have become "lost" to history. Consequently Armstrong established many links between his Radio Church of God and the present state of Israel, while Stanley Rader, who was a Jew, often served as mentor and always as right hand man to Armstrong. It should also be noted that Armstrong took great pride in his personal relationships with Israeli leaders and he provided students for many years from his own Ambassador Colleges to join students from Hebrew University in archeological digs in Israel. The work of Armstrong was not unknown to David Horowitz who held the belief that ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Herbert W. Armstrong (July 31, 1892 – January 16, 1986) was the founder of the Radio Church of God / Worldwide Church of God; Chancellor of Ambassador Colleges and Ambassador University; Publisher of The Plain Truth magazine in several languages; Presenter of The World Tomorrow radio and television programs and director of... For other uses, see California (disambiguation). ... The Tribe of Judah (יְהוּדָה Praise, Standard Hebrew Yəhuda, Tiberian Hebrew Yəhûḏāh) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Judah son of Jacob. ... The Radio Church of God began as a religious radio program during 1934 on station KORE in Eugene, Oregon presented by Herbert W. Armstrong and supported by an unincorporated voluntary association of members meeting as the Church of God. ... Stanley R. Rader (August 13, 1930 – July 2, 2002) was born as a Jew and raised to be observant. ... Ambassador College was originally established as a liberal arts institution in 1947 at Pasadena, California by the Radio Church of God, a religious organization incorporated in the State of California by Herbert W. Armstrong to promote the beliefs of the Church of God. ... The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים) is one of Israels biggest and most important institutes of higher learning and research. ...

... the idea that the "Lost Tribes of Israel", though scattered among the nations, and having lost their identity, would be part of the masses of "Gentiles" who would turn to the Hebrew faith, and join the Jewish people in pioneering a Messianic age.

Other views

• Arthur Koestler authored a controversial book called The Thirteenth Tribe concerning the identity of the Tribe of Judah, which historically was one of the tribes of Israel. Although that subject matter may be associated with this subject, it is not suggested that Koestler's Thirteenth Tribe is a part of the Lost Ten Tribes.

• Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believe in the literal gathering of Israel and in the restoration of the Ten Tribes as declared in the canonized 10th verse of the Mormon Articles of Faith.

Arthur Koestler Arthur Koestler (September 5, 1905 - March 3, 1983) was a journalist, novelist, political activist, and social philosopher. ... The Salt Lake City temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the largest attraction in the citys Temple Square. ... The term Mormon is a colloquial name referring to Latter Day Saints, derived in the 1830s from the Book of Mormon, one of their books of scripture, whose compiler was called the prophet Mormon. ... Articles of faith are sets of doctrines or precepts, the belief in which is fundamental to the followers of a given religion and/or church. ...

Antisemitic interpretations

There are various factions who have attempted to create totally different and sinister meanings to the term Lost Ten Tribes. These groups seem to have also emerged during the 19th century at about the same time that the word Aryan was being advanced as a replacement for the term Indo-European with respect to linguistics. The term was misapplied to a fantasy race of supermen who then became identified with Germany and pagan Nazi ideology. Other groups who clung to a form of Christianity, such as the Ku Klux Klan and Skinheads, found a need to identify their groups with the Lost Ten Tribes in order to set themselves apart from mainstream Christianity, whom they despised for their liberal and humanitarian ideas. This interpretation created a problem for these groups since they could no longer accept Jews as being related to the same family origins and the same Biblical history which recorded the division of the united Hebrew Kingdom into two competing factions. To create this distinction it became necessary for groups mainly identified with the Christian Identity movement to invent a totally new history that removed Jews from the human race, in a fashion reminiscent of the notorious Heinrich Himmler. Among the well-known believers of such ideas have been individuals such as the Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh. The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster Anti-Semitism (alternatively spelled antisemitism) is hostility towards or prejudice against Jews (not, in common usage, Semites in general — see the Scope section below). ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Aryan is an English word derived from the Indian Vedic Sanskrit and Iranian Avestan terms ari-, arya-, ārya-, and/or the extended form aryāna-. The Old Persian ariya- is a cognate as well. ... Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies Indo-European is originally a linguistic term, referring to the Indo-European language family. ... Broadly conceived, linguistics is the scientific study of human language, and a linguist is someone who engages in this study. ... Pagan may refer to: A believer in Paganism or Neopaganism. ... The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament writings of his early followers. ... Members of the second Ku Klux Klan at a rally during the 1920s. ... Skinheads, named after their shaven heads, are members of a subculture that originated in Britain in the 1960s, where they were closely tied to the Rude boy of the West Indies and the Mods of the UK. English Skinhead on cutdown circa 1991 Categories There are a number of different... Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament writings of his early followers. ... Hebrews (syns. ... Christian Identity is a label applied to a wide variety of loosely-affiliated groups and churches with a racialized theology. ... In Parson Weems Fable (1939) Grant Wood takes a sly poke at a traditional hagiographical account of George Washington Historical revisionism is the reexamination of the accepted facts and interpretations of history, with an eye towards updating it with newly discovered, more accurate, and less biased information. ... Heinrich Himmler Heinrich Himmler (October 7, 1900 – May 23, 1945) was the commander of the German Schutzstaffel (SS) and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany. ... Damage to the Murrah building before cleanup began. ... Timothy McVeigh Timothy James McVeigh (April 23, 1968–June 11, 2001), considered by the FBI an American domestic terrorist, was executed for his part in the April 19, 1995, Oklahoma City bombing. ...

Some Black groups such as the Black Hebrew Israelites make similar claims to be descended from the "real" Israelites, claiming the Jews are impostors. Black is a color with several subtle differences in meaning. ... Hebrew Israelites , also known (inaccurately) as both Black Hebrew Israelites and African Hebrew Israelites is a name that refers both specificaly to an American organization and, in a broader sense, to black people, descended from the slave trade, who reside in present-day states such as the United States of...

See also

• History of ancient Israel and Judah provides a broad overview of the period, placing the Ten Lost Tribes in their original context.
• Children of Israel, the Biblical people.
• Israelites were members of the original Twelve Tribes of Israel.
• Kingdom of Israel deals with the specific Kingdom of Israel itself.
• Schisms among the Jews describes some of the early background to the split between the kingdoms of Israel and Judah.
• Assyria destroyed the Kingdom of Israel and caused the Ten Tribes "to become lost".
• Babylonia and Assyria were the global powers confronting the Israelites in ancient times.
• Kingdom of Judah survives.
• Temple in Jerusalem: The focus of worship.
• Babylonian captivity inflicted by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon.
• Jewish diaspora's spread and growth.
• Timeline of Jewish history also covers the flow of history from ancient until modern times.
• Abrahamic religion deals with Judaism, Christianity, and Islam and a few other faiths.
• Anglo-Israelism
• British Israelism
• J. H. Allen: author of Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright
• British-Israel-World Federation: an organization created during the growth of the British Empire.
• Christian Identity: an idea shared by many antisemitic right-wing groups.
• Church of Jesus Christ-Christian: 20th century antisemitic organization.
• Herbert W. Armstrong: author of United States and British Commonwealth in Prophecy.
• Richard Brothers: 17th century Prince of the Hebrews
• Richard Reader Harris: 19th century British jurist and Methodist.
• United Israel World Union: The life of David Horowitz.
• William H. Poole: 19th century American Pentecostal leader.
• Dr. Gene Scott: Present-day Los Angeles pastor whose broadcasts are heard worldwide.
• Yousafzai: Afghan tribe. Name means 'Sons of Joseph'. Clans include 'Isa' and 'Moosa'.

In compiling the history of ancient Israel and Judah, there are many available sources, including the Jewish Tanakh (the Old Testament) and other Jewish texts such as the Talmud, the Ethiopian book of history known as the Kebra Nagast, the writings of historians such as Nicolaus of Damascus, Artapanas, Philo... The Children of Israel (Hebrew: בני ישראל Bnai Yisrael or Bnei Yisrael or Bnei Yisroel or Bene Israel;) (Arabic: بني إسرائيل) is a Biblical term for the Israelites. ... An Israelite is a member of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, descended from the twelve sons of the Biblical patriarch Jacob who was renamed Israel by God in the book of Genesis, 32:28. ... The Kingdom of Israel (Hebrew: מַלְכוּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard Hebrew Malḫut Yisraʼel, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ YiÅ›rāʼēl) was the Kingdom proclaimed by the Israelite nation around 1050 BC. The nation itself was formed as the Israelites left the Land of Goshen, Egypt during the Exodus at an uncertain date, often... Schisms among the Jews: // First Temple era Based on the historical narrative in the Bible and archeology, Levantine civilization at the time of Solomons Temple was prone to idol worship, astrology, worship of reigning kings, and paganism. ... Assyria in earliest historical times referred to a region on the Upper Tigris river, named for its original capital, the city of Ashur. ... See also Category:Babylonia and Category:Assyria. ... The Kingdom of Judah (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יְהוּדָה, Standard Hebrew Malḫut YÉ™huda, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ YÉ™hûḏāh) in the times of the Hebrew Bible, was the nation formed from the territories of the tribes of Judah, Simeon and Benjamin after the Kingdom of Israel was divided, and was named after... The Temple in Jerusalem or the Holy Temple (Beit HaMikdash בית המקדש in Hebrew) was built in ancient Jerusalem and was the center of Israelite and Jewish worship, primarily for the offering of sacrifices known as the korbanot. ... // Overview The term Babylonian captivity, or Babylonian exile, is the name generally given to the deportation and exile of the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar. ... Nebuchadnezzar (or Nebudchadrezzar) II (ca. ... Jewish diaspora (Hebrew: Tefutzah, or Galut, exile) refers to the dispersion of the Jewish people throughout the world. ... This entry contains a timeline of the development of Judaism and the Jewish people. ... An Abrahamic religion is described by some, for the purposes of comparative religion, as any religion derived from an ancient Semitic tradition, supposed to be traceable to Abraham, a great patriarch described in the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament, and the Quran. ... Judaism is the religious culture of the Jewish people. ... Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament writings of his early followers. ... Islam   listen? (Arabic: al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, and the worlds second largest religion. ... Anglo-Israelism (Sometimes called British-Israelism) is a complex set of theories that are not identical nor are they necessarily compatible with each other. ... British Israelism (sometimes called Anglo-Israelism) is a complex set of theories that are not identical nor are they necessarily compatible with each other. ... J. H. Allen is an author known for his 1902 book called Judahs Sceptre and Josephs Birthright which many have claimed formed the basis of a later foundation for the teachings of Herbert W. Armstrong on this same subject. ... The British-Israel-World Federation is a an organization that was founded in London during 1919, although its roots can be traced back to the Nineteenth Century. ... Christian Identity is a label applied to a wide variety of loosely-affiliated groups and churches with a racialized theology. ... The Church of Jesus Christ-Christian is a white supremacy group, since 1978 part of Aryan Nation, which was founded by Ku Klux Klan organizer Wesley A. Swift in 1946. ... Herbert W. Armstrong (July 31, 1892 – January 16, 1986) was the founder of the Radio Church of God / Worldwide Church of God; Chancellor of Ambassador Colleges and Ambassador University; Publisher of The Plain Truth magazine in several languages; Presenter of The World Tomorrow radio and television programs and director of... United States in Prophecy was the original title of a publication that became known by its longer name of United States and British Commonwealth in Prophecy [[1] and published in various editions and formats after 1947. ... Richard Brothers was born in December 25, 1757 at Newfoundland and became well known as both an early believer and teacher of a theory concerning the Lost Ten Tribes. ... Richard Reader Harris, K.C. was born in 1847 and died in 1909. ... The Methodist movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity. ... United Israel World Union was founded by David Horowitz who was born in 1903 and died in 2002. ... Rev. ... The Pentecostal movement within Protestant Christianity places special emphasis on the gifts of the Holy Spirit. ... Dr. w. ... This article is about the largest city in California. ... The Yousafzai is the smallest ethnic Afghan/Pashtun tribe and largest in NWFP of Pakistan. ...

References

• Riff, Michael. The Face of Survival: Jewish Life in Eastern Europe Past and Present. Valentine Mitchell, London, 1992. ISBN 0853032203
• Rosen, Moses. "The Recipe" (published as epilogue to The Face of Survival, 1987).
• Ausubel, Nathan. Pictorial History of the Jewish People, Crown, 1953.

Moses (Moshe) Rosen (1912–1994) was Chief Rabbi of Romanian Jewry from 1948 through the entire Communist era in Romania and continued in that role until his death several years after the Romanian Revolution of 1989. ... An epilogue, or rarely epilog, is a piece of writing at the end of a work of art, usually used to bring cloture to the senate. ...

External links

• Kulanu ("All of us")
• Shavei Yisrael ("Return of Israel")