Lothair I

Lothair I (German: Lothar, French: Lothaire, Italian: Lotario) (795 – 2 March 855), king of Italy (818 – 855) and Holy Roman Emperor (840 – 855), was the eldest son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his wife Ermengarde of Hesbaye, daughter of Ingerman, duke of Hesbaye. He was the heir to the entire Carolingian Empire, but had to share it with his brothers because of the traditional Frankish practice of division of patrimonies amongst all surviving sons. Upon their father's death, Lothair and his brothers warred for three years until the Treaty of Verdun in 843, which redivided the realm into three constituent parts. Lothair remained emperor and ruler in Italy and also received the kingship of the Middle Franks. Download high resolution version (1278x1975, 868 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1278x1975, 868 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Events Leo III becomes pope Earliest recorded Viking raid on Ireland. ... March 2 is the 61st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (62nd in leap years). ... Events Louis II succeeds Lothar as western emperor. ... King of Italy is a title adopted by many rulers after the fall of the Roman Empire. ... Events Bishop Theodulf of Orléans is deposed and imprisoned after getting involved in a conspiracy of Bernard, king of Italy, against Louis the Pious Births Deaths May 26 - Ali ar-Rida, Shia Imam Categories: 818 ... Events Louis II succeeds Lothar as western emperor. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Events After the death of Louis the Pious, his sons Lothar, Charles the Bald and Louis the German fight over the division of the empire, with Lothair succeding as Emperor. ... Events Louis II succeeds Lothar as western emperor. ... Louis the Pious, contemporary depiction from 826 as a miles Christi (soldier of Christ), with a poem of Rabanus Maurus overlaid. ... Ermengarde, or Irmengarde de Hesbaye (born about 778) was the daughter of Ingerman, Count of Hesbania (Hesbaye, now in Liège, Belgium) and Hedwig of Bavaria. ... This article does not explain the significance of the subject matter clearly and accurately. ... Hesbaye (Latinized as Hesbania in Medieval documents, modern French Hesbaye, modern Dutch Haspengouw), the region around Namur on the Meuse (Maas), Belgium, near Liège, was an important fief in the northwestern marches of the Merovingian kingdom of Austrasia. ... Map of Carolingian Empire The term Carolingian Empire is sometimes used to refer to the realm of the Franks under the dynasty of the Carolingians. ... Statue of Charlemagne (also called Karl der Große, Charles the Great) in Frankfurt, Germany. ... In the Treaty of Verdun of 843 the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious divided his territories, the Carolingian Empire, into three kingdoms. ... Events Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian empire between the 3 sons of Louis the Pious. ... Middle Francia describes the realm created for Emperor Lothair I, wedged between East Francia and West Francia. ...

Little is known of his early life, which was probably passed at the court of his grandfather Charlemagne, until 815 when he became king of Bavaria. When Louis divided the Empire between his sons in 817, Lothair was crowned joint emperor at Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) and given a certain superiority over his brothers, Pepin and Louis, who respectively received Aquitaine and Bavaria. Lothair was also given the Iron Crown of Lombardy, then still held by Louis the Pious' nephew Bernard. When Bernard was killed, Lothair received the Italian kingdom. In 821, he married Ermengarde (d.851), daughter of Hugh, count of Tours. In 822, he assumed the government of Italy, and on 5 April 823, he was crowned emperor again by Pope Paschal I, this time at Rome. Charlemagne (742 or 747 – 28 January 814) (also Charles the Great[1]; from Latin, Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus), son of King Pippin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, was the king of the Franks from 768 to 814 and king of the Lombards from 774 to 814. ... Events An iconoclastic synod is held. ... The following is a list of rulers of Bavaria: Dukes of Bavaria, 889-1623 Liutpolding Dynasty Liutpold 889-907 Arnulf the Bad 907-937 Eberhard 937 Berthold 938-947 Liudolfing (Ottonian) Dynasty Henry I 947-955 Henry II the Quarrelsome 955-976 Otto I 976-982 Liutpolding Dynasty Henry III... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... Events Louis the Pious divides his empire among his sons. ... Aachen (French Aix-la-Chapelle, Dutch Aken, Latin Aquisgranum, Ripuarian Oche) is a spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the border with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km to the west of Cologne, and the westernmost city in Germany. ... Pepin I (797-November 13 or December 13, 838) was King of Aquitaine. ... Louis the German (also known as Louis II or Louis the Bavarian) (804 - August 28, 876), the third son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye, was the king of Bavaria from 817, when his father partitioned the empire, and king of East Francia... Capital Bordeaux Land area¹ 41,309 km² Regional President Alain Rousset (PS) (since 1998) Population  - Jan. ... The Iron Crown of Lombardy (Corona Ferrea) is both a reliquary and one of the most ancient royal insignia of Europe. ... Bernard of Italy was the King of Italy (810 - 818). ... Events Tang Mu Zong becomes emperor of China Births Deaths February 11 - Benedict of Aniane, monastic founder and saint December 18 - Theodulf, Bishop of Orléans Coenwulf, king of Mercia Categories: 821 ... Events Vikings plunder London Charles the Bald, Louis the German and Lothar meet in Meersen Oldest known mention of the Andaman Islands Garcia Iñiguez succeeds his father Iñigo Arista as king of Navarra Births Deaths March 7 - Nominoe, Duke of Brittany Categories: 851 ... The counts of Tours were the medieval feudal suzerains ruling over the region of Touraine in France with their capital at Tours. ... Events Abd-ar-rahman II becomes ruler of Umayyad Spain. ... April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (96th in leap years). ... Events Crete is conquered from the Byzantines by the Saracens. ... Saint Paschal I was pope from 817 to February 11, 824. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC (mythical), early 1st millennium BC (archaeological) Region Latium Area  - City Proper  1285 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,553,873 almost 4,300,000 1. ...

In November 824, he promulgated a statute concerning the relations of pope and emperor which reserved the supreme power to the secular potentate, and he afterwards issued various ordinances for the good government of Italy. Events Iñigo Arista revolts against the Franks and establishes the kingdom of Navarre (approximate date). ...

On his return to his father's court his step-mother Judith won his consent to her plan for securing a kingdom for her son Charles, a scheme which was carried out in 829, when the young prince was given Alemannia as king. Lothair, however, soon changed his attitude and spent the succeeding decade in constant strife over the division of the Empire with his father. He was alternately master of the Empire, and banished and confined to Italy, at one time taking up arms in alliance with his brothers and at another fighting against them, whilst the bounds of his appointed kingdom were in turn extended and reduced. Queen Judith or Iudit (died 19 April 843) was the second wife of Louis the Pious, Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Franks. ... Charles the Bald - Detail from a painting in the First Bible of Charles the Bald, painted ca. ... Events Egbert of Wessex conquers Mercia and is recognized as Bretwalda. ... Alemannia (red) and Upper Burgundy (green) around AD 1000. ...

The first rebellion began in 830. All three brothers fought their father, whom they deposed. In 831, he was reinstated and he deprived Lothair of his imperial title and gave Italy to the young Charles. The second rebellion began in 833, again Louis was deposed and reinstated the next year (834). Lothair, through the loyalty of the Lombards and later reconcilitions, retained Italy and the imperial position through all remaining divisions of the Empire by his father. Events Christian missionary Ansgar visits Birka, trade city of the Swedes. ... Events Malamir succeeds Omurtag as Khan of Bulgaria The Saracens capture Palermo. ... Events End of the reign of caliph Al-Mamun Nimmyo succeeds Junna as emperor of Japan Creation of Great Moravia Births Deaths October 10 - al-Mamun, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad Categories: 833 ... Events First Viking raid of Dorestad. ...

When Louis the Pious was dying in 840, he sent the imperial insignia to Lothar, who, disregarding the various partitions, claimed the whole of the Empire. Negotiations with his brother Louis the German and his half-brother Charles, both of whom armed to resist this claim, were followed by an alliance of the younger brothers against Lothair. A decisive battle was fought at Fontenay-en-Puisaye on 25 June 841, when, in spite of his and his allied nephew Pepin II of Aquitaine's personal gallantry, Lothair was defeated and fled to Aachen. With fresh troops he began a war of plunder, but the forces of his brothers were too strong for him, and taking with him such treasure as he could collect, he abandoned to them his capital. Contention over the division of the Holy Roman Empire between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious culminated in the decisive Battle of Fontenay fought at Fontenay on the June 25, 841. ... June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ... Events June 25: Battle of Fontenay _ Louis the German and Charles the Bald defeat Lothar. ... Pepin II, called the Younger (823-after 864, Senlis), was King of Aquitaine from 838 as the successor upon the death of his father, Pepin I. Pepin II was eldest son of Pepin I and Ingeltrude (also called Engelberga, Hringard, or Ringart), daughter of the count of Madrie, Theodobert. ...

Peace negotiations began, and in June 842 the brothers met on an island in the Saône, and agreed to an arrangement which developed, after much difficulty and delay, into the Treaty of Verdun signed in August 843. By this, Lothair received the imperial title as well as northern Italy and a long stretch of territory from the North Sea to the Mediterranian, essentially along the valleys of the Rhine and the Rhone. He soon left Italy to his eldest son, Louis, and remained in his new kingdom, engaging in alternate quarrels and reconciliations with his brothers and in futile efforts to defend his lands from the attacks of the Northmen (as Vikings were known in Frankish writings) and the Saracens. Events Oaths of Strasbourg — alliance of Louis the German and Charles the Bald against emperor Lothar — sworn and recorded in vernacular languages. ... The Saône is a river of eastern France. ... The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ... Satellite image The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land, on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia. ... Loreley At 1,320 kilometres (820 miles) and an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second, the Rhine (Dutch Rijn, French Rhin, German Rhein, Italian: Reno, Romansch: Rein, ) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe. ... Length 800 km Elevation of the source 1753 m Average discharge 1800 m³/ s Area watershed 100,200 km² Origin Rhône glacier Mouth Mediterranean Sea Basin countries Switzerland, France The River Rhône ( Latin Rhodanus, French Rhône, Occitan Rose, German Rotten) is one of the major rivers (ca. ... Louis II, (825 – 875), Holy Roman Emperor (sole ruler 855 – 875), eldest son of the emperor Lothair I, became the designated king of Italy in 839, and taking up his residence in that country was crowned king at Rome by Pope Sergius II on June 15, 844. ... The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, Europe and the British Isles from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ... For the rugby club Saracens see Saracens (rugby club) The term Saracen comes from Greek sarakenoi. ...

In 855, he became seriously ill and, despairing of recovery, renounced the throne, divided his lands between his three sons, and on September 23, entered the monastery of Prüm, where he died six days later. He was buried at Prüm, where his remains were found in 1860. September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years). ... The title of this article contains the character ü. Where it is unavailable or not desired, the name may be represented as Pruem. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ...

His kingdom was divided among his three sons — the eldest, Louis II, received Italy and the title of Emperor; the second, Lothair II, received Lotharingia; while the youngest, Charles, received Provence. Louis II, (825 – 875), Holy Roman Emperor (sole ruler 855 – 875), eldest son of the emperor Lothair I, became the designated king of Italy in 839, and taking up his residence in that country was crowned king at Rome by Pope Sergius II on June 15, 844. ... Lothair (825 - August 8, 869), was the second son of the emperor Lothair I. On his fathers death in 855, he received for his kingdom a district lying west of the Rhine, between the North Sea and the Jura mountains, which was called Regnum Lotharii and early in the... Lotharingia was a kingdom in western Europe, named after Lothair, King of Lotharingia (reigned 855-869), who received it in 855 from his father, Lothair I (795-855), Holy Roman Emperor. ... Charles was the Carolingian King of Provence from 855 until his early death in 863. ... Provence is a former Roman province and is now a region of southeastern France, located on the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to Frances border with Italy. ...

References

• Annales Fuldenses.
• Nithard, Historiarum Libri, both in the Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptores, Bände i. and ii. (Hanover and Berlin, 1826 fol.)
• E. Mühlbacher, Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern (Innsbruck, 1881)
• E. Dummler, Geschichte des ostfränkischen Reichs (Leipzig, 1887-1888)
• B. Simson, Jahrbücher des deutschen Reiches unter Ludwig dem Frommen (Leipzig, 1874-1876)

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Nithard (790 - 844), a Frankish historian, was the illegitimate son of Angilbert, the friend of Charlemagne, by Bertha, a daughter of the great emperor. ... The Monumenta Germaniae Historica (frequently abbreviated MGH in bibliographies and lists of sources) is a comprehensive series of carefully edited and published sources for the study of German history (broadly conceived) from the end of the Roman Empire to 1500. ... Hanover (German: Hannover []), on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany. ... For other uses, see Berlin (disambiguation). ... The oldest surviving photograph, Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Innsbruck is a city in western Austria, and the capital of the federal state of Tyrol. ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Ernst Ludwig Dümmler (2 January 1830 - 11 September 1902) was a German historian. ... [] (Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk) is the largest city in the Federal State (Bundesland) of Saxony in Germany. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... [] (Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk) is the largest city in the Federal State (Bundesland) of Saxony in Germany. ... 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...