Lothair II of Süpplingenburg is a municipality of 700 inhabitants (2003) in the district of Helmstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany. It is part of the super-municipality of Nord-Elm. The village developed next to a 10th century castle. The castle was the seat of the counts of Süpplingenburg, among them Emperor... Supplinburg ( Events Revolt of the Earls. Rebellion of three earls against William I of England (William the Conqueror). Last serious act of resistance in the Norman Conquest. Births Deaths Margrave Ernest the Brave of Austria -- June 10 John Xiphilinus Categories: 1075 ... 1075– Events Louis VII is crowned King of France. He subsequently marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, daughter of William X. Births Amalric I, Latin king of Jerusalem Deaths April 9 - William X, Duke of Aquitaine Louis VI, King of France Categories: 1137 ... 1137), was the List of Dukes, Electors, and Kings of Saxony, 880-1918 The original Duchy of Saxony was in Northern Germany, roughly corresponding to the modern German state of Lower Saxony and Westphalia. Dukes of Saxony Early dukes Widukind 743-807, first duke known by name and counterpart of Charlemagne Ottonian or... Duke of Saxony ( Events September 28 - Henry I of England defeats his older brother Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy, at the Battle of Tinchebrai, and imprisons him in Cardiff Castle; Edgar Atheling and William Clito are also taken prisoner. Balaguer, Spain, is captured from the Moors by the count of Urgell. Boleslaus III... 1106), The following list of German Kings and Emperors is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. Notes The relationship between the title of king and emperor in the area that is today called Germany is just as complicated as the history and the structure of the Holy Roman Empire itself... King of Germany ( Events May 23 - Lothar of Saxony becomes Holy Roman Emperor on the death of Henry V. War ends between Toulouse and Provence. The castle of Nassau is built. Albert of Aix begins his Historia Hierosolymitanae expeditionis. Magnus the Strong becomes ruler of Sweden. June 11 - The Crusaders defeat the Seljuk... 1125), and The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. The terminology of the title is somewhat confusing. The title of emperor was considered to have passed from... Holy Roman Emperor from Events Geoffrey of Monmouth produces the Historia Regum Britanniae Durham Cathedral is completed Construction of Exeter Cathedral begun Births 25 March - Henry II of England Honen Shonin, who later established Pure Land Buddhism as an independent sect in Japan Deaths Categories: 1133 ... 1133 to 1137. He was the son of Count Gebhard of Supplinburg. He is sometimes referred to as Lothair III.

Rise to Power

After years of purchasing lands or gaining them via marriage alliances throughout the Duchy of With an area of 18,400 sq. km. and a population of 4.6 million, the Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen) is the tenth largest in area but sixth in population among Germanys sixteen federal states. Created upon Germanys reunification in 1990, it occupies the approximate... Saxony, Lothair gained the domains of the Billung, Nordheim and Brunswick families and became one of the dominant landowners in the northern duchy. He was next granted the duchy in Events September 28 - Henry I of England defeats his older brother Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy, at the Battle of Tinchebrai, and imprisons him in Cardiff Castle; Edgar Atheling and William Clito are also taken prisoner. Balaguer, Spain, is captured from the Moors by the count of Urgell. Boleslaus III... 1106 by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, (1081 - May 23, 1125) was the fourth and last ruler of the Salian dynasty. He forced the abdication in 1105 of his father, the emperor Henry IV and secured his own election as king, assuming the imperial crown in 1111. Despite initial Papal support for... Emperor Henry V in exchange for his help against Henry's father, Henry IV (November 11, 1050 — 1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Emperor from 1084, until his abdication in 1105. He was the third emperor of the Salian dynasty. Henry was the eldest son of the Emperor Henry III, by his second wife Agnes de Poitou, and was... Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Emboldened by the promotion, Lothair revolted against Henry's rule and denied Henry's ability to rule Saxony during the The Investiture Controversy was the most significant conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. It began as a dispute in the 11th century between the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and the Pope concerning who would control appointments of church officials (investiture). It would eventually lead to... Investiture Controversy. In Events Clairvaux Abbey is founded by St. Bernard. Anselm of Laon becomes archdeacon of Laon. Hugh of St. Victor joins the Victorines in Paris. Pierre Abélard becomes canon of Notre Dame. Stephen of England becomes count of Mortain. The title of Duke of Atholl is created (approximate date). Lothar... 1115 his forces defeated those of the Emperor's in the Battle of Welfesholz.

When Henry died in Events May 23 - Lothar of Saxony becomes Holy Roman Emperor on the death of Henry V. War ends between Toulouse and Provence. The castle of Nassau is built. Albert of Aix begins his Historia Hierosolymitanae expeditionis. Magnus the Strong becomes ruler of Sweden. June 11 - The Crusaders defeat the Seljuk... 1125, Lothair was viewed by the Between 780/82 AD and 1802 AD the Archbishop of Mainz, was an influential ecclesiastic and secular prince of the middle ages. His see was established in the 4th century AD, in the city of Mainz, which had been a Roman provincial capital, but the office really came to prominence... Archbishop of Mainz as a perfect candidate. As an extensive landowner, he brought power to the table, but he was old (slightly over fifty years of age) had no heirs, potentially making him malleable for the nobility. He was therefore elected to the The Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. Due to its central location, Germany has more neighbours than any other European country: these are Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the... German throne after a contentious power stuggle with See: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194-1250, emperor 1211-1250) Frederick II of Austria (?-1246, duke of Austria 1230-1246) Frederick II, Margrave of Brandenburg (1413-1470, margrave 1440-1470) Frederick II of Denmark and Norway (1534-1588, king 1559-1588) Frederick II of Prussia (1712-1786, king 1740... Frederick II, The following is a list of Dukes of Swabia, including the several holders of the title who were also Holy Roman Emperors. Dukes of Swabia . other previous rulers among them: Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, founder of Stuttgart (950 AD), son of Holy Roman Emperor Otto I the Great. House of... Duke of Swabia, ruler of the Hohenstaufen was a dynasty of Kings of Germany, many of whom were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor and Dukes of Swabia. The proper name, taken from their castle in Swabia, is Staufen. When the last member of the Salian dynasty, Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, died without an heir there... House of Hohenstaufen. His election was notable in that it marked a departure from Imperial policy under the Salians; the concept of hereditary succession was broken and the new king accepted confirmation of his position by the pope.

A campaign undertaken in the same year against Bohemia is also a place in the State of United States of America: see Bohemia, New York. Bohemia (Čechy in Czech, Böhmen in German) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. With an area of 52,750 sq... Bohemia ended in defeat, making for a less than great start by Lothair. Among those imprisoned by the Bohemians was Albert I (c. 1100-1170), Margrave of Brandenburg, also called, The Bear (Ger: Albrecht der Bär), was the only son of Otto the Rich, count of Ballenstedt, and Eilika, daughter of Magnus Billung, Duke of Saxony. He inherited the valuable Saxon estates of his father in 1123, and on... Albert of Ascanian, future Margrave of Brandenburg.

Dispute with the Hohenstaufens

During his reign, a succession dispute broke out between the houses of The Welfs were a Bavarian dynasty so named because many of its members were named Welf. The first known member is Welf I, father of Judith, the wife of the emperor Louis the Pious, and of Emma, the wife of Louis the German. The two sons of Welf I, brothers... Welf and Hohenstaufen, the latter which was led by Frederick II and his brother Duke Conrad III (1093-1152), the first German king of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was the son of Frederick I, Duke of Swabia. As duke of Franconia, he supported the unsuccessful candidacy of his brother, Frederick II of Swabia, for the kingship of Germany on the death of the Holy Roman Emperor... Conrad of Franconia (German, Franken), a region in Germany now part of the state of Bavaria. The area was the seat of the Salian Holy Roman Emperors, and is considered one of the five original stem duchies that made up the Holy Roman Empire. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the Early... Franconia. The Hohenstaufen, in addition to claiming the private Salian lands which clearly fell to them, also claimed all of the crown lands gained under Henry IV and Henry V. Lothair's attempts to seize the crown lands following approval from a group of nobles meeting in Regensburg provoked Hohenstaufen reaction. Frederick of Swabia was placed under the imperial ban, Conrad was deprived of Franconia, and the rectorate of Coat of arms of the 2nd duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy ( French: Bourgogne) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Pre-Indo-European people, Celts ( Gauls), Romans ( Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples, most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks... Burgundy passed to Conrad of Zahringen.

The Hohenstaufen, who had the support of their own lands plus support in many In the Holy Roman Empire, an Imperial Free City (in German: Freie Reichsstadt) was a city formally responsible to the Emperor only — as opposed to the majority of cities in the Empire, which belonged to a territory and were thus governed by one of the many princes and dukes... imperial cities, The Republic of Austria ( German: Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The state is a representative democracy... Austria, and much of Lower Lorraine, raised Conrad as antiking Conrad III. In Events Pope Honorius II recognizes and confirms the Order of the Knights Templar. King Afonso I of Portugal, then Count of Portugal defeats his mother, Teresa of Leon, in battle and gains control of the county. Geoffrey of Anjou marries Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. Holyrood Abbey founded... 1128 he was crowned The title King of Italy was assumed by Napoleon Bonaparte, who was crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy in the Cathedral of Milan, May 26, 1805. His son was briefly King of Rome. The title was recreated in 1861 for Vittorio Emanuele II of the House of Savoy. Contents... King of Italy by the Archbishop of Milan. Lothair took advantage of Conrad's expidition into Italy and his lack of resources by attacking the Staufens in Germany. Nürnberg and Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a city in Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx. 50000 inhabitants, located on the Rhine river. It neighbours Worms and Mainz. Speyer cathedral History Archaeological data suggests that the site of the city was originally inhabited by Celts around 500 BC. Under the Romans the city... Speyer, two strong cities in support of the opposition, fell in Events Emperor Toba of Japan begins his cloistered rule sharing power with Sutuku, ex-emperor Shirakawas son. Castle of Burgsteinfurt built in what is now Steinfurt, Germany. Henry of Blois becomes bishop of Winchester. Births Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria Deaths Emperor Shirakawa of Japan Leopold... 1129. Conrad's failure to make anything of his position in Italy, causing him to return in Events February 13 - Innocent II is elected pope An antipope schism occurs when Roger II of Sicily supports Anacletus II as pope instead of Innocent II. Innocent flees to France and Anacletus crowns Roger King. Births Zhu Xi, Chinese philosopher Deaths February 13 - Pope Honorius II November 11 - Princess Teresa... 1130 without anything to show for it, assured at least a partial victory for the king.

Relations with the Papacy

In the double papal election of Events February 13 - Innocent II is elected pope An antipope schism occurs when Roger II of Sicily supports Anacletus II as pope instead of Innocent II. Innocent flees to France and Anacletus crowns Roger King. Births Zhu Xi, Chinese philosopher Deaths February 13 - Pope Honorius II November 11 - Princess Teresa... 1130, both sides campaigned for Lothair's support. The king had an opportunity to take advantage of the situation and reassert Imperial control over the papacy, but choosing instead to deal with the Staufen resistance, he let his inferiors make the decision. Anacletus II, born Pietro Pierloni, (died January 25, 1138) was an Antipope that ruled between 1131 to his death, in a schism against the contested hasty election of Pope Innocent II. Pietro was born in a powerful Roman family and, as second son, was destined to the church. He studied... Anacletus II offered Lothair the Imperial crown, but in the end Innocent II, né Gregory Papareschi (d. September 24, 1143), was Pope from 1130-1143, was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III (Guibert of Ravenna). By Paschal II he was created cardinal-deacon. In this capacity, he accompanied Pope Gelasius II when driven into... Innocent II gained his support, and he promised to escort the new pope back to The Roman Colosseum Rome (Italian and Latin Roma) is the capital city of Italy, and of its Lazio region. It is located on the lower Tiber river, near the Mediterranean Sea, at 41°50N, 12°15E. The Vatican City State, a sovereign enclave within Rome, is the seat... Rome. In Events May 9 - Tintern Abbey is founded. Ramon Berenguer IV becomes Count of Barcelona. Alberich becomes Archdeacon of Reims. Fulk of Anjou and Melisende become King and Queen of Jerusalem. Births Valdemar I, King of Denmark Henry the Lion, Welf duke of Saxony and Bavaria (possible date) Deaths Alger of... 1131 the two met at Liege or Liège has several meanings: A liege is the person or entity to which one has pledged allegiance. A liege is a vassal or entity who owes allegiance to someone. (Thus, the term referred to both the vassal and his lord). Liège is a city of Belgium... Liege, where the king demonstrated subservience to the pope, and his request that investiture be restored to him was ignored. He also agreed to assist Innocent against King Roger II (1093-1154), son and successor of Roger I, began his rule in 1112. It is Roger IIs distinction to have united all the Norman conquests into one kingdom and to have granted them a scientific, personal and centralized government. Rise to power in southern Italy When William... Roger II of Sicily, an ally of Anacletus.

The force Lothair took with him into Italy in Events Diarmaid Mac Murrough has the abbey of Kildare in Ireland burned and the abbess raped. He becomes king of the province of Leinster. St Malachy is made bishop of Armagh in Ireland to impose the Roman liturgy on the independent Irish church. Foundation of Fountains Abbey and Rievaulx Abbey... 1132 was not strong, due to his leaving troops in Germany to prevent the Hohenstaufen from revolting. Carefully avoiding the cities, which were hostile, he reached Rome in Events Geoffrey of Monmouth produces the Historia Regum Britanniae Durham Cathedral is completed Construction of Exeter Cathedral begun Births 25 March - Henry II of England Honen Shonin, who later established Pure Land Buddhism as an independent sect in Japan Deaths Categories: 1133 ... 1133, which was mostly held by Anacletus. As St. Peter's was closed to them, Innocent instead crowned Lothair as emperor in the Categories: Italy geography stubs | Buildings and structures stubs | Rome | Vatican City ... Lateran. The emperor continued giving little to know resistance against papal interference on his power; he even ignored a bull by Innocent which stated that the emperor's authority derived from him. He also recognized papal claims to the Matildine lands (formerly owned by Matilda, countess of Tuscany (1046 - July 24, 1114), was the principal Italian supporter of Pope Gregory VII during the investiture controversy, and is one of the few medieval women to be remembered for her military accomplishments. She is sometimes called Matilda of Canossa, after the ancestral family castle of Canossa... Countess Matilda), in exchange receiveing those lands as fiefs.

Campaign against Sicily

Returning to Germany, he set out to create peace. The Hohenstaufen brothers, falling short on resources, were compelled to submit. The Reichstag in Bamberg is a city in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in Upper Franconia on the Regnitz River, close to its confluence with the Main River. Population: 69,200 (2001). History The town was first mentioned in 902. Henry I of Germany made Bamberg the seat of a diocese in 1007... Bamberg in Events Stephen of Blois succeeds King Henry I. Empress Maud, daughter of Henry I and widow of Henry V opposed Stephen and claims the throne as her own Owain Gwynedd of Wales defeats the Normans at Crug Mawr. The domination of Baghdad by the Seljuk Turks ends Births Maimonides, Jewish... 1135 pardoned the two brothers and restored them to their lands. In return, they recognized Lothair as emperor and promised to assist him in another Italian campaign, and a ten-year Landpiece was declared.

In Events Completion of the Saint Denis Basilica in Paris Peter Abelard writes the Historia Calamitatum, detailing his relationship with Heloise Births William of Newburgh, British historian and author of the Historia rerum Anglicarum Deaths November 15 - Leopold III of Austria, Patron saint of Austria Categories: 1136 ... 1136, at the insistance of Innocent and This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. Note: It is difficult to determine when exactly the Roman Empire ends and the Byzantine Empire begins; Diocletian split the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves for administrative purposes in 284. Candidates for the first Byzantine emperor include Constantine I (the first... Byzantine Emperor Mosaic of John II John II Comnenus (September 13, 1087 - April 8, 1143) was Byzantine emperor from 1118 to 1143. Also known as Kalo Ioannes (John the Beautiful), he was the eldest son of the emperor Alexius, whom he succeeded in 1118. On account of his mild and just reign... John II Comnenus, the campaign began, directed against Roger of Sicily. Two main armies, one led by Lothair, the other by Henry II, known as the Proud (1108 - October 20, 1139) was Duke of Saxony (1138-1139) and Duke of Bavaria (1126-1139) as Henry X. He was the son of Henry the Black Duke of Bavaria, and Wulfhild, daughter of Magnus Billung, Duke of Saxony, and thus a member of... Henry the Proud of Bavaria, entered Italy. Advancing deep into the southern part of the peninsula, the two armies met at Bari is the second largest continental city of Southern Italy, with a population of 326,201 (2001) along 116 sq. km. Capital of Apulia (or Puglia) region, on the Adriatic Sea, its province is the fifth largest and most populated in Italy, with 1,551,331 inhabitants (2001) and more... Bari, and continued further south in 1137. Roger offered to grant Categories: Regions of Italy ... Apulia as a fief of the Empire to one of his sons and give another son as a hostage; generous terms which Lothair refused after being pressured by Innocent.

The German troops, however, were adamant against campaigning during the hot summer, and revolted. The emperor, who had hoped for the complete conquest of Sicily, instead seperated Capua (modern Santa Maria di Capua Vetere) was the chief ancient city of Italy, situated 25 km (16 mi) north of Neapolis, on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain. History Capuas site, in a position not naturally defensible, together with the regularity of its plan, indicates... Capua and Apulia from Roger's kingdom and gave them to Roger's enemies. Innocent, however, protested, claiming Apulia fell under papal claims; the two eventually jointly enfeoffed the duchy to Rainulf of Alife. Lothair turned north, but died while crossing the Alps in December 1137. Shortly beforehand, he gave his Tuscany (Italian Toscana) is a region in central Italy, bordering on Latium to the south, Umbria to the east, Emilia-Romagna and Liguria to the north, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. It is often regarded as among the most beautiful parts of Italy. Points of interest Tuscany was... Tuscan Matildine lands to Henry the Proud of Bavaria, and his last acts were to give the Duchy of Saxony and the imperial regalia to him. Unfortunately, the kingship ended up in the hands of the Hohenstaufen, destroying Lothair's hopes for a powerful Welf monarchy. He is entombed in the monastery church of Königslutter am Elm is a city of 17,000 inhabitants (2003) in the district of Helmstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany, near the Elm hills. In its current form, the city was created in 1974 by joining the following 18 municipalities: Beienrode Boimstorf Bornum Glentorf Groß Steinum Klein Steimke Königslutter... Königslutter.

Actions in the North and East

The emperor's most long-lasting contribution to Germany came from his actions in the north and east. Being a Saxon, he gave more attention to the region than previous emperors. Even before becoming German king, he had given control of Holstein also refers to a breed of cattle. Holstein also refers to a breed of horse Holstein (Hol-shtayn) is the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, between the rivers Elbe, Eider and the Schlei firth. The capital of Holstein is Kiel. 1111-1474 an Imperial (Reichsunmittelbar) County of... ] and Stormarn is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Segeberg and Ostholstein, the city of Lübeck, the district of Lauenburg, and the city state of Hamburg. History The name Stormarn may be derived from storm, hence meaning stormy... Stormarn to Adolf I of Schauenburg. In Events Baalbeck taken by Genghis Khan House of Brandenburg begins when Albrecht the Bear is made head of the Nordmark St. Stephen Harding becomes abbott of Citeaux Abbey Cormacs Chapel consecrated Cathedral of St Petri in Schleswig completed Pontifical University of Salamanca started in Castile Births King Sverker I... 1134 he appointed the Ascanian Albert to the March of For other uses, see Brandenburg (disambiguation). Surrounding but excluding the national capital Berlin, Brandenburg is one of Germanys sixteen West Germany and East Germany. The capital is Poland in the east, Saxony in the south, Saxony_Anhalt in the west and Lower Saxony in the northwest. The Oder river forms... Brandenburg. In Events Completion of the Saint Denis Basilica in Paris Peter Abelard writes the Historia Calamitatum, detailing his relationship with Heloise Births William of Newburgh, British historian and author of the Historia rerum Anglicarum Deaths November 15 - Leopold III of Austria, Patron saint of Austria Categories: 1136 ... 1136 he appointed Conrad the Great of Wettin, Margrave of Meissen, to Lausitz, uniting the two. In addition, he petitioned to expand the rights of the Archbishops of Bremen and Magdeburg in the area. King Erik II Hatevoet Emune (11XX - 1137) was a king of Denmark between 1135 and 1137. He was a son of Erik I Eiegod. Categories: Stub | Danish monarchs ... Eric II of Denmark was made a vassal of the emperor in Events Stephen of Blois succeeds King Henry I. Empress Maud, daughter of Henry I and widow of Henry V opposed Stephen and claims the throne as her own Owain Gwynedd of Wales defeats the Normans at Crug Mawr. The domination of Baghdad by the Seljuk Turks ends Births Maimonides, Jewish... 1135, becoming a member of the Reichstag. Successful diplomatic intervention by Lothair in ending war between The Republic of Poland, a democratic country with a population of 38,626,349 and area of 312,685 km², is located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania... Poland and The Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság) or Hungary (Magyarország) is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. It is known locally as the Country of the Magyars. National motto: (none current) historical: Regnum... Hungary resulted in the Polish king's submission and his payment of tribute that was long overdue. In addition, the Polish king was given Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze, German: Pommern and Pommerellen, Pomeranian (Kashubian): Pòmòrze and Pòmòrskô, Latin: Pomerania, Pomorania) is a geographical and historical region in northern Poland and Germany on the south coasts of the Baltic Sea between and on both sides of the Vistula and Oder (Odra) rivers... Pomerania and Rügen ( Polish Rugia) is the largest German island. It is situated off the coast of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the Baltic Sea. Its area is 935 km² and its population was 73,000 in 2001. Together with the neighboring smaller islands Rügen Hiddensee and Ummanz... Rügen as fiefs of the Empire.

References

• Karl Hampe (1973). Germany Under the Salian and Hohenstaufen Emperors. ISBN 0631141804
• Encyclopædia Britannica: Lothair II