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Encyclopedia > Lotus Esprit
Lotus Esprit
Manufacturer Lotus Cars
Production 1976-2004
Class Sports car
Body style(s) 2-door supercar
Engine(s) 2.0L or 2.2L Slant Four
3.5L V-8
Transmission(s) 5-speed manual
Wheelbase 96 inches (2438 mm)
Length 165 inches (4191 mm)
Width 73 inches (1854 mm)
Height 44 inches (1118 mm)
Curb weight 2690 pounds (1220 kg) unladen (typical)
Designer Giorgetto Giugiaro

The Lotus Esprit was a sports car built by Lotus in the United Kingdom from 1976 to 2004. The Silver Italdesign concept that eventually became the Esprit was unveiled at the Turin motorshow in 1972, and was a development of a stretched Lotus Europa chassis. It is held to be among the first of designer Giorgetto Giugiaro's "folded paper" designs. Originally, the name Kiwi was proposed, but in keeping with the E naming format of Lotus tradition, the name was changed to Esprit. Historically it was able to match or better most of its contemporary rivals' performance in many areas, which included the Ferrari 308, 328, F355, and 360 Modena, as well as many Porsche sports cars in a production life that lasted nearly 30 years. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2400 × 1800 pixel, file size: 1. ... Automakers, also known as carmakers, automobile manufacturers, motor manufacturers, or the automobile industry are companies that design and manufacture automobiles. ... Lotus Logo with monogram of its founder, Anthony Colin Bruce Chapman Lotus Cars is a British manufacturer of sports and racing cars based at Hethel, Norfolk, England. ... Car classification is subjective since many vehicles fall into multiple categories. ... 1963 Jaguar E-Type, a classic sports car 1963 Chevrolet Corvette was based upon European sports cars A sports car is an automobile designed for performance driving. ... Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. ... For other uses, see Supercar (disambiguation). ... The Slant Four is a type of car engine manufactured by Vauxhall Motors. ... The Liberty V8 aircraft engine clearly shows the configuration :See also V8 (beverage) A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders. ... “Gearbox” redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Kerb (sometimes mis-spelled as curb by Americans) weight is the total weight of a vehicle with standard equipment, all necessary operating consumables (such as motor oil and coolant), a full tank of fuel and not loaded with either passengers or cargo. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Automotive design. ... Giorgetto Giugiaro (b. ... 1963 Jaguar E-Type, a classic sports car 1963 Chevrolet Corvette was based upon European sports cars A sports car is an automobile designed for performance driving. ... Lotus Cars is a British manufacturer of sports cars and racing cars based in Hethel, Norfolk, formed as Lotus Engineering Ltd. ... Italdesign-Giugiaro S.p. ... For other uses, see Turin (disambiguation). ... Lotus Europa (S2 Federal) The Lotus Europa, built by Lotus Cars from 1966 to 1975, was among the first production road cars to feature a mid-engine rear wheel drive design. ... Giorgetto Giugiaro (b. ... Species See text. ... For other uses, see Ferrari (disambiguation). ... This article is about the auto company. ...

Contents

Early Esprit (1976–80)

S1

1977 Lotus Esprit S1 (U.S.)
1977 Lotus Esprit S1 (U.S.)

The Esprit was launched at the 1975 Paris and London motorshows and went into production in June 1976. These first Esprits eventually became known as S1 (or Series 1) Esprits. These fiberglass bodied cars were initially powered by the Lotus 907 4 cylinder engine previously used in the Jensen Healey. The engine displaced 2.0 L, produced 160 bhp (119 kW) in European trim (140 bhp in US/Federal trim), and was mounted longitudinally behind the passengers (similar to the Lotus Europa). The transaxle was a 5 speed unit previously used in the Citroën SM and Maserati Merak; it also featured inboard rear brakes as was racing practice at the time. The series 1 embodied Lotus’ performance through light weight mantra, weighing under 1000 kg. The car gained some fame through its appearance in the James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) where it was converted into a submarine. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 541 pixel Image in higher resolution (888 × 600 pixel, file size: 513 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Lotus Esprit ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 541 pixel Image in higher resolution (888 × 600 pixel, file size: 513 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Lotus Esprit ... This article is about the capital of France. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Bundle of fiberglass Fiberglass (also called fibreglass and glass fibre) is material made from extremely fine fibers of glass. ... 1973 Jensen-Healey. ... Vestigal chrome fins betray American styling cues The Citroën SM was a high performance coupé produced by the French manufacturer Citroën between 1970 and 1975. ... The Maserati Merak, introduced in 1974, was essentially a junior version of the Maserati Bora. ... 007 redirects here. ... For the Ian Fleming novel, see The Spy Who Loved Me. ...


The original Esprit was lauded for its handling and is said to have the best steering of any Esprit. However, it was generally regarded as lacking power, especially in markets such as the United States where the engine was down-rated for emissions purposes, and Lotus’ claim of 0-60 in 6.8 seconds and a top speed of 138 mph (222 km/h) may be thought of as optimistic. Actual road test times indicate 0-60 in 8 seconds and a top speed of around 133 mph (214 km/h). [1]


The S1 Esprit can be distinguished from later Esprits by a shovel-style front air dam, Fiat X1/9 tail lights, lack of body-side ducting, and Wolfrace alloy wheels. Inside the car, the most obvious indication of a S1 Esprit is a one-piece instrument cluster with green-faced Veglia gauges. The FIAT X1/9 is a two-seater mid-engined sports car designed by Bertone and built by FIAT.[1] Production lasted from 1972 to 1989 with the first official right-hand drive variant arriving in 1976. ...


S2

1980 Lotus Esprit S2
1980 Lotus Esprit S2

A series of improvements made to the Esprit during its initial run culminated in the S2 (or Series 2) Esprit. The most obvious of these changes are intake and cooling duct "ears" located behind the rear quarter window, tail lights from a Rover SD1, and an integrated front spoiler. S2 Esprits also used 14-inch Speedline alloy wheels designed specifically for Lotus. Other changes included relocating the battery from above the right side fuel tank (under the rear quarter window) to the rear of the car, adding an access door to the engine cover, as well as replacing the instrument cluster made by Veglia with individual gauges made by Smiths and using different style of switches on the dashboard. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 478 pixel Image in higher resolution (836 × 499 pixel, file size: 155 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Lotus Esprit Metadata... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 478 pixel Image in higher resolution (836 × 499 pixel, file size: 155 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Lotus Esprit Metadata... Non-retractable quarter vent window in front doors of a 1967 Marlin Stationary quarter glass in the rear door Two non-movable quarter windows, one as part of door and a second mounted in the C-pillar Interior view of a venting quarter glass in the rear of a minivan... Rover SD1 is the code name given to a series of large executive cars made by British Leyland and Austin Rover Group from 1976 to 1987. ... This Ford F-150 pickup truck has two spoilers one on the roof and another on the tailgate. ... A dashboard from a 1940s car The dashboard of a modern car, a Bentley Continental GT A Hayabusas dash A modern Formula 1 car has all its gauges mounted on the steering wheel A dashboard or dash board in an automobile is a panel located under the windscreen and...


During this era, a claimed (but improbable) 100 Special Edition cars were made to commemorate Lotus's racing victories, commonly known as the John Player Special (JPS) among collectors after Lotus’ racing sponsor at the time. Only 79 of these editions were ever made. John Player founded his tobacco company in the mid-19th century in Nottingham, England. ...


The S2.2 was produced as a stopgap model in 1980, identical to the S2 but with an enlarged (2.2 L) type 912 engine used. This kept horsepower the same, but bumped up torque to 160 ft·lbf (217 N·m). from 140. These cars are extremely rare even among Esprits and only 88 are thought to have been produced. [2]


Turbo (1980)

1987 Lotus Turbo Esprit HC
1987 Lotus Turbo Esprit HC

In 1980 the first factory turbocharged Lotus, the Essex Esprit was built, and these special editions were superseded by a production turbo car. The new turbocharged engine was known as the 910 type, and produced 210 horsepower (157 kW), with an impressive 200 ft·lbf (270 N·m). of torque. 0-60 mph could be achieved in the low 5 second range, with a top speed of over 150 mph (240 km/h). ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 746 KB) 1987 Lotus Turbo Esprit HC Photographed by Jagvar at the Bonhams & Butterfields Auction in Darien, Connecticut on July 29, 2005. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 746 KB) 1987 Lotus Turbo Esprit HC Photographed by Jagvar at the Bonhams & Butterfields Auction in Darien, Connecticut on July 29, 2005. ... Turbocharger Cut-away A turbocharger is a device used in internal-combustion engines to increase the power output of the engine by increasing the mass of oxygen and fuel entering the engine. ...


These performance improvements were coupled to a revamping and strengthening of the rear suspension, where an upper link was added to alleviate strain on the halfshafts, along with brake improvements (with the front suspension upgraded again in 1985). Turbo cars are recognized by an aerodynamic body kit with a ducktail spoiler and boxy bumpers, with more and larger ducts all around. Essex cars were delivered in a special livery and had a complex Panasonic FM radio system mounted in the centre of the roof panel. Essex cars (and early turbos) possessed 3 piece Compomotive wheels and dry sump oiling. A dry sump is a lubricating oil management method for four-stroke and large two-stroke piston internal combustion engines that uses a secondary reservoir for oil, as compared to a conventional wet sump system. ...


The Giugiaro designed Esprit’s final incarnation, the turbo HC, was produced in 1986. Higher compression (from 7.5:1 to 8:1) yielded 215 hp (160 kW) and 220 ft·lbf (298 N·m). of torque. Lotus created the HCi, with Bosch jetronic fuel injection, for markets with high emissions standards such as the US. Creating this amount of power from only 2.2 L continued the Esprit tradition of remarkable specific output. [3] Giorgetto Giugiaro (born 7 August 1938) is an Italian car designer, one of the most influential and prolific ever. ... Bosch is the colloquial short name for the German company Robert Bosch GmbH, as well as the last name of: Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516) - Dutch painter Robert Bosch (1861-1942) - German industrialist Carl Bosch (1874-1940) - German chemist and engineer Juan Bosch (1909-2001) - Dominican politician and writer Orlando Bosch... Jetronic is a trade name for a type of fuel injection technology marketed by Bosch from the 1960s forward. ... // Fuel injection is a means of metering fuel into an internal combustion engine. ...


The refinements of the Turbo Esprit were carried on to its naturally aspirated sister, making the Esprit S3 a car that had much appeal to those who wanted a driving experience without a turbocharger. The S3 can be distinguished from a turbo by its smaller air dam, lack of ducting on the sills, and rear end without the ducktail spoiler as well as different, mesh lined intake fins.


The Turbo version was also to feature in the James Bond movie For Your Eyes Only (1981). This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...


Peter Stevens redesign (1988)

1993 Lotus Esprit S4
1993 Lotus Esprit S4
1993 Lotus Esprit S4
1993 Lotus Esprit S4

In 1988 a new version of the Esprit was introduced, incorporating rounder styling cues given by designer Peter Stevens of McLaren F1 fame. This time the tail-lights were sourced from the Toyota Corolla Coupé. Giugiaro is said to have liked the restyling, claiming it was perhaps too close to his original design. The first Stevens styled cars were mechanically identical to their previous year counterparts, with Turbo and normally aspirated variants available, though quickly a stronger Renault transaxle was used, as well as Delco GMP4 EFI. The exterior style changes were accompanied by a freshening of the interior. The Stevens styled Esprit is collectively known as the X180. The Stevens Esprit was in the short lived TV series "The Highwayman" in 1988 but it was only seen twice as the show was cancelled after only 10 episodes. Download high resolution version (1701x1215, 286 KB)1993 Lotus Esprit at Bristol Car Show, The Downs, Bristol, England. ... Download high resolution version (1701x1215, 286 KB)1993 Lotus Esprit at Bristol Car Show, The Downs, Bristol, England. ... Download high resolution version (1612x1111, 342 KB)The back of a 1993 Lotus Esprit, at Bristol Car Show, The Downs, Bristol, England. ... Download high resolution version (1612x1111, 342 KB)The back of a 1993 Lotus Esprit, at Bristol Car Show, The Downs, Bristol, England. ... Peter Stevens (born 1943) is a British car designer. ... For the Formula One team, see McLaren The McLaren F1 is a former fastest street legal production car in the world. ... The AE86 generation of the Toyota Corolla Levin and Toyota Sprinter Trueno is a small, lightweight coupe introduced by Toyota in 1983 as part of the fifth generation Toyota Corolla line-up. ... For the author, see Mary Renault. ... Charles Kettering, on a Time cover, 1933 Charles Franklin Kettering (August 29, 1876–November 24 or November 25, 1958), a. ... EFI is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, including: Electronic fuel injection Electronics For Imaging European Forest Institute Extensible Firmware Interface, in computing This page expands a three-character combination which might be any or all of: an abbreviation, an acronym, an initialism, a word in English, or a...


The Esprit was again improved with the addition of a water to air intercooler known as the chargecooler producing the SE. Horsepower was pushed up to 264 with 280 available on overboost, and zero to sixty times reduced to an amazing 4.7 seconds, with a top speed of over 160 mph (260 km/h). The chargecooled engine was known as the type 910 S. Modifications to the body kit are also noted. Again the Esprit continued to keep a small or non-existent gap between itself and competition from rivals such as Ferrari and Porsche. For other uses, see Ferrari (disambiguation). ... This article is about the auto company. ...


Along with the SE, Lotus produced the little seen Esprit S, a midrange turbocharged car offering fewer appointments and 228 hp (170 kW), as well as the standard turbo still offering 215 hp (160 kW). The N/A and turbo were cancelled after 1990, and the S in 1991.


Esprit SEs were in the films Basic Instinct and Pretty Woman. Basic Instinct is a 1992 thriller film, directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas. ... Pretty Woman is a 1990 American romantic comedy motion picture. ...


The Esprit was a popular and successful addition to the American Bridgestone Supercar Championship and as a result Lotus produced the SE-based X180R, with horsepower bumped to 300 and with racing appointments. The Sport 300 was a derivative of the X180R sold in Europe. These are known as the fastest of the 4 cylinder Esprits and among the most desirable. [4] Bridgestone Corporation ) (TYO: 5108 ) is a Japanese rubber conglomerate founded in 1931 by Shojiro Ishibashi ) in the city of Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan. ... For other uses, see Supercar (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...


In 1993 another exterior and interior revamp of the car resulted in the S4 which was the first model to include power steering. This car was succeeded in 1995 by the S4s, which upped power to 300 bhp (220 kW) while retaining the comfort of the S4. This car was to be the end of the line for the Esprit but a cancelled project for a front engine car had left Lotus with a compact V8 and no car to put it into.


V8 (1996)

The Esprit V8 used Lotus' self developed type 918 3.5 L twin turbo engine, in front of the same Renault transmission as before. Derek Bell developed an uprated gearbox that overcomes a lot of the gearbox problems with a much thicker single piece input shaft Power was up to 355 bhp (265 kW), however the capability of the 918 engine was limited by the fragility of the Renault transmission. Zero to sixty miles per hour came in under 5 seconds. Some examples of the engine are noted however to suffer from a leaking cylinder liner problem. For the author, see Mary Renault. ...


Alongside V8 models was produced the GT3, a turbocharged 4 cylinder car with a 2.0 L chargecooled, turbocharged engine as used in Italian market cars previously.


In 1998 the V8 range was split into SE and GT specifications, both cars with a much changed interior configuration, both offering similar performance with the SE being the more luxurious of the two.


The ultimate incarnation of the Esprit came in 1999 with the Sport 350. Only 50 were made [5], each offering 350 horsepower (as per the name) and various chassis and braking improvements. By this time the Esprit could reach 60 mph (100 km/h) in well under 5 seconds, and weighed 1300 kg as a result of their hand laid fibreglass bodies. There is a disputed proposal to merge this article with glass-reinforced plastic. ...


Esprit production continued on until 2004, Lotus content on producing the Esprit with little development aside from minor cosmetic changes including a switch to 4 round tail lights in 2002. Over 28 years a total of 10675 Esprits were produced.


Future

An "Esprit replacement" is in the works at Lotus currently, and is the subject of much speculation, with many (inaccurate) spy shots and renderings in other magazines. This car was intended to be introduced in 2008, but current assumptions within the company imply that the actual release date will be December 2009. The new design is targeted to compete with cars such as the Ferrari F430 and the Lamborghini Gallardo among others, with pricing in the region of $130,000. Ferrari F430 Spider The Ferrari F430 is a high-performance sports car produced by the Italian automaker Ferrari to succeed the Ferrari 360. ... Lamborghini Gallardo coupe The Lamborghini Gallardo, (Pronounced Gai-Arh-Doh. ...


Esprit designers

Giorgetto Giugiaro

  • Esprit – 1976–77
  • Esprit S2 – 1978–81
  • Esprit JPS (John Player Special) – 1978–79
  • Esprit S2.2 – 1980–81
  • Esprit Essex – 1980
  • Esprit S3 – 1981–87
  • Turbo Esprit – 1981–86
  • Turbo Esprit HC – 1986–87
  • Turbo Esprit HCi (Bosch Fuel Injected) – 1986–87

Giorgetto Giugiaro (b. ... Players Navy Cut logo, circa 1914 John Player founded his tobacco company in the mid-19th century in Nottingham, England. ...

Peter Stevens

  • Esprit – 1987–90
  • Esprit Turbo – 1987–90
  • Esprit SE – 1989–91
  • Esprit S – 1991
  • Lotus Esprit X180R - 1991-92
  • Esprit SE HighWing – 1992–93

Peter Stevens (born 1943) is a British car designer. ...

Julian Thomson

  • Esprit S4 – 1993–96
  • Esprit 300 Sport – 1993
  • Esprit S4s – 1995–96
  • Esprit V8 – 1996–98
  • Esprit GT3 – 1996–99
  • Esprit V8 GT – 1998–2001
  • Esprit V8 SE – 1998–2001
  • Esprit Sport 350 – 1999
  • Esprit V8 – 2002–04

Parts

As with many of their cars, Lotus used parts from other cars to cut down development costs. Esprits before 1993 have many British Leyland parts and after 1993 have many GM (Vauxhall, Opel) parts. G Esprits have Citroën gearboxes as found in the Citroën DS and Citroën SM, while S Esprits have Renault UN1 gearboxes [6]. The door handles come from Morris Marina / Austin Allegro and were kept until the S4 model in 1994 when instead GM Calibra door handles were used [7]. Early models used a Momo steering wheel, later ones had the same as the Pontiac Trans Am. Until 2002 it had rectangular Toyota rear lights from the 1985 Toyota Trueno/Sprinter and RWD Toyota Corolla Coupé, later replaced with the same round light as the Lotus Elise II. The aerial mount and whip on the S4 and V8 is the same as the GM Calibra and Tigra. The side mirrors are from the Citroën CX. Non SE foglamps from about 1989 are GM Astra mk1. The fan motors come from the Ford Fiesta mk2. The alternator on the V8 models is a standard GM unit also found in the V6 GM Omega or the Lotus / GM Lotus_Carlton which also provides many of the interior plastic fittings such as door handles and steering column. The clutch slave cylinder on the 98 onwards models is the same as a series 2A Landrover from Girling as is the master cylinder[8]. The front suspension came from the Opel Ascona. Front GT3 Brake Pads (Brembo) are the same as on a Fiat Coupe turbo or a Peugeot 406 3.0 v6. The British Leyland Motor Corporation (often abbreviated to simply BL), was a Britain in 1968. ... Citroën is a French automobile manufacturer, founded in 1919 by André Citroën. ... 1974 Citroën DS23 Pallas Directional headlight detail of a Citroën DS21 Swedish-spec Citroën DS with headlight wipers Citroën DS Break - also known as the Safari, Familiale, or Wagon 1966 Citroën DS Convertible Turn indicators were mounted in the upper corners of the rear window... Vestigal chrome fins betray American styling cues The Citroën SM was a high performance coupé produced by the French manufacturer Citroën between 1970 and 1975. ... For the author, see Mary Renault. ... The Marina was a car manufactured by the Morris division of British Leyland throughout the 1970s, a period of great turbulence and difficulty for the British car industry. ... The Austin Allegro is a small family car that was manufactured by British Leyland under the Austin name from 1973 until 1983. ... Opel Calibra on Monza The Opel Calibra (badged as a Vauxhall in the UK and a Holden in Australia and New Zealand) was launched in 1989, a front-wheel drive coupé based around the running gear of the Opel Vectra A, (Cavalier under the Vauxhall name) which had been launched... The Pontiac Trans Am was an automobile produced by Pontiac, a division of General Motors (GM), to appeal to the growing muscle car population. ... This article is about the automaker. ... The AE86 generation of the Toyota Corolla Levin and Toyota Sprinter Trueno is a small, lightweight coupe introduced by Toyota in 1983 as part of the fifth generation Toyota Corolla line-up. ... The Toyota Corolla is a compact car produced by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. ... Opel Calibra on Monza The Opel Calibra (badged as a Vauxhall in the UK and a Holden in Australia and New Zealand) was launched in 1989, a front-wheel drive coupé based around the running gear of the Opel Vectra A, (Cavalier under the Vauxhall name) which had been launched... 1994 Vauxhall Tigra The Opel Tigra is a sports car produced by Opel (a subsidiary of General Motors Corporation) based on its Corsa supermini. ... Rear of a Series 1 Citroën CX Series 2 Citroën CX Series 2 Citroën CX modified with aftermarket wheels - missing standard factory fender skirts Spacious rear seat of long wheel base fastback The Citroën CX is an automobile produced by the French automaker Citroën from... Opel Astra The Astra is a small family car of the General Motors Corporation, badged as an Opel in India, continental Europe and the Republic of Ireland; a Vauxhall in the United Kingdom, a Holden in Australasia, and a Chevrolet in Latin America. ... The Ford Fiesta is a mid-class supermini car designed and built by the Ford Motor Company in Europe, and also manufactured in Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, China, India and South Africa. ... Opel Omega VX. The Opel Omega was a large automobile from Opel, the main European subsidiary of General Motors. ... The Lotus Carlton was a Vauxhall Carlton saloon modified by Lotus into a 177 mph (285 km/h) sports car. ... The Opel Ascona was a midsized car produced by Opel, the German subsidiary of General Motors. ... The Fiat Coupé—officially the Coupé Fiat—was a sports car made by Italian manufacturer Fiat between 1994 and 2000. ... The Peugeot 406 was a large family car from the French automaker Peugeot from 1995 to 2004. ...


External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...

See also


  Results from FactBites:
 
Lotus Esprit Turbo 1988 History (1628 words)
The X180 Esprit had a new type of instrument panel and facia, though the general layout and features were familar.
For the new Esprit, therefore, where the gearbox was behind the final drive, there were strong similarities to the Renault 25 type of installation.
In 1987 a total of 462 Esprits, new type and old type combined, had been produced, but helped along by the new style this total rose to no fewer than 1,058 in 1988, which was easily an Esprit record.
Lotus Esprit Turbo (870 words)
The Lotus Esprit has been one of the most successful and longest running supercars, produced from 1976 until 2004, and was developed and improved over time.
The Lotus Esprit (or Kiwi as it was initially known) was developed over 3 years and launched in September 1975, to replace the long running Lotus Europa (although Owner's had to wait till 1976 to collect their cars).
The Lotus Esprit was developed and improved with the introduction of the S2 from 1978 to 1980.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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