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Lotus Software (called Lotus Development Corporation before its acquisition by IBM) is an American software company with its headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Lotus is most famous for its groundbreaking Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet application, which was the first killer app in the early days of the IBM PC and which helped spread the adoption of the PC. Thanks to Ray Ozzie's Iris Associates, it also developed one of the more powerful groupware systems, Lotus Notes. IBM purchased the company in 1995 for $3.5 billion,[1] primarily to acquire Notes and to establish a presence in the increasingly important client-server computing segment, which was rapidly making host-based products like IBM's OfficeVision, DEC's ALL-IN-1, and Wang Labs' Wang OFFICE obsolete. Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government - Type Mayor-council city - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area - City 7. ...
This article is about the U.S. State. ...
Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from...
IBM Lotus Connections is a proprietary Web-based social software application distributed by the Lotus Software division of IBM. Lotus Connections is, according to IBM, ...social software for business that empowers you to be more innovative and helps you execute more quickly by using dynamic networks of coworkers, partners and...
Lotus Domino is an IBM server product that provides enterprise-grade e-mail, collaboration capabilities, and custom application platform. ...
IBM Lotus Expeditor is an IBM product that delivers a desktop/mobile SOA framework for SOA beyond the Data Center. Lotus Expeditor is developed by IBMs Lotus Software division for the construction, integration, and deployment of managed client applications that spans both the web (ie, HTML, DHTML, JavaScript, Ajax...
IBM Lotus Forms is a suite of products by IBMs Lotus Software division that interact to develop and deliver data-driven, XML-based electronic forms (e-forms) to end-users. ...
Lotus Notes is a client-server collaborative software and e-mail system owned by Lotus Software, of the IBM Software Group. ...
Announced at the Lotusphere 2007, IBM Lotus Quickr is a Web 2. ...
IBM Lotus Sametime is the commercial Instant Messaging service by the Lotus Software brand of IBM. It provides instant messaging(IM) and presence awareness capabilities as well as support for web conferencing. ...
IBM Lotus Symphony is the name of a set of applications for creating, editing, and sharing word processing documents, spreadsheets, and other documents. ...
A holding company is a company that owns part, all, or a majority of other companies outstanding stock. ...
For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ...
A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos and other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML...
For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ...
Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ...
Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government - Type Mayor-council city - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area - City 7. ...
This article is about the U.S. State. ...
Lotus 1-2-3 is a spreadsheet program from Lotus Software (now part of IBM). ...
A spreadsheet is a rectangular table (or grid) of information, often financial information. ...
A killer application (commonly shortened to killer app) is a computer program that is so useful that people will buy a particular computer hardware, gaming console, and/or an operating system simply to run that program. ...
IBM PC (IBM 5150) with keyboard and green screen monochrome monitor (IBM 5151), running MS-DOS 5. ...
Ray Ozzie at the Web 2. ...
Iris Associates was a software development company founded in Littleton, Massachusetts on December 7th, 1984 by Ray Ozzie, specifically to build the software ultimately known as Lotus Notes. ...
Collaborative software, also known as groupware, is application software that integrates work on a single project by several concurrent users at separated workstations (see also Computer supported cooperative work). ...
Lotus Notes is a client-server collaborative software and e-mail system owned by Lotus Software, of the IBM Software Group. ...
OfficeVision is an IBM proprietary office support application that runs on IBMs VM operating system and its user interface CMS. OfficeVision provides email, shared calendars, and shared document storage and management, and it provides an ability to link to other applications such as word/text editors. ...
DEC, dec or Dec may refer to: December - a month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar Department of Environment and Conservation Digital Equipment Corporation - a computer and technology company, now part of HP Declination - a term from astronomy Diethylcarbamazine - a drug commonly used to treat infections by filarial parasites...
Wang logo circa 1980. ...
Wang OFFICE was the umbrella brand name for several suites of office automation software sold by Wang Labs in the 1980s and early 1990s. ...
Early History
Lotus was founded in 1982 by partners Mitch Kapor and Jonathan Sachs with backing from Ben Rosen. Lotus' first product was presentation software for the Apple II known as Lotus Executive Briefing System. Mitch founded Lotus after working as head of development at VisiCorp (the marketers of VisiCalc) and selling the rights to his products; VisiPlot and VisiTrend to VisiCorp. Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...
Mitch Kapor Mitch Kapor (center) with Bill Gates and Fred Gibbons, during their time working on developing applications for the Apple Macintosh, 1984 Mitchell David Kapor (born 1950) is the founder of Lotus Development Corporation and the designer of Lotus 1-2-3, the killer application often credited with making...
Jonathan Sachs (born in 1947) was the programmer who co-founded Lotus Development Corporation with Mitch Kapor in 1982 and created the first version of the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet program. ...
Sevin Rosen Funds (SRF) is a venture capital firm that was established in 1981 by L.J. Sevin and Ben Rosen. ...
The Apple II was one of the most popular personal computers of the 1980s. ...
VisiCorp was an early personal computer software publisher. ...
Shortly after Kapor left VisiCorp, he and Sachs produced an integrated spreadsheet and graphing program. Even though IBM and VisiCorp collaborated on VisiCalc for the PC and VisiCalc shipped simultaneously with the PC, Lotus had a superior product. Lotus released Lotus 1-2-3 in January 1983. The name referred to the three ways the product could be used, as a spreadsheet, graphics package, and database manager.In fact the latter two functions were less often used, and 1-2-3 was the most powerful spreadsheet available. Sales were huge, turning Lotus into the largest independent software vendor in the world almost overnight. The business plan had called for $1 million in sales in the first year, and the actual results were $54 million. VisiCalc was the first spreadsheet program available for personal computers. ...
Lotus 1-2-3 is a spreadsheet program from Lotus Software (now part of IBM). ...
Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
In 1982 Jim Manzi came to Lotus as a management consultant, and became an employee four months later. In October 1984 he was named President, and in April 1986 he was named as CEO, succeeding Mitch Kapor who had become inactive in the company. In July of that same year he also became Chairman of the Board. Manzi would remain at the head of Lotus until 1995. Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...
The former Chairman, President and CEO of Lotus Development Corporation, Jim Manzi is widely regarded as a pioneer in workgroup computing. ...
Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the job of having the ultimate executive responsibility or authority within an organization or corporation. ...
The former Chairman, President and CEO of Lotus Development Corporation, Jim Manzi is widely regarded as a pioneer in workgroup computing. ...
Dominance As the popularity of the personal computer grew, Lotus quickly came to dominate the spreadsheet market. Lotus introduced other office products such as Ray Ozzie's Symphony in 1984 and the Jazz office suite for the Apple Macintosh computer in 1985. Jazz did very poorly in the market. Also in 1985, Lotus bought Software Arts and discontinued the latter company's VisiCalc program. Ray Ozzie at the Web 2. ...
IBM Lotus Symphony is the name of a set of applications for creating, editing, and sharing word processing documents, spreadsheets, and other documents. ...
Lotus Jazz was a an office productivity suite for the Apple Macintosh, but failed to take off. ...
The first Macintosh computer, introduced in 1984, upgraded to a 512K Fat Mac. The Macintosh or Mac, is a line of personal computers designed, developed, manufactured, and marketed by Apple Computer. ...
Software Arts was a software company founded by Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston in 1979 to develop VisiCalc, which was published by a separate company, Personal Software Inc. ...
In the late 1980s, Lotus developed Lotus Magellan, a file management and indexing utility. This period also saw the release of Manuscript, a word processor, Lotus Agenda, an innovative personal information manager (PIM), which flopped, and Improv, a groundbreaking modeling package for the NeXT platform. Improv also flopped, and none of these products made a significant impact on the market. The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ...
Lotus Magellan was a groundbreaking piece of software in the late 1980s from the company that popularized the 1-2-3 spreadsheet on the PC (following initial success by Dan Bricklins VisiCalc on the Apple II). ...
Agenda is a DOS-based personal information manager, designed by Mitch Kapor and Jerry Kaplan, and marketed by Lotus Software. ...
Lotus Improv was a spreadsheet program from Lotus Development that took the n-dimesional modeling design and hierarchic UI of Javelin and moved it to modern platforms. ...
For other meanings, see Next. ...
Diversification In the 1990s, to compete with Microsoft's Windows applications, Lotus had to buy in products such as Freelance Graphics, Ami Pro (word processor), Approach (database), and Threadz, which became Lotus Organizer. Several of the these (1-2-3, Freelance Graphics, Ami Pro, Approach, and Lotus Organizer) were bundled together under the name Lotus SmartSuite. Although SmartSuite was bundled cheaply with many PCs and may initially have been more popular than Microsoft Office, Lotus quickly lost its dominance in the desktop applications market with the transition to 32 bit applications running on Windows 95. Lotus was late in delivering its suite of 32 bit products and failed to capitalize on the transition to the new version of Windows. It now has very little market share. The last significant new release was the SmartSuite Millennium Edition released in 1999. All new development of the suite was ended in 2000 with ongoing maintenance being shifted overseas. Lotus Word Pro is word processor software produced by IBMs Lotus Software group for use on Microsoft Windows-compatible computers. ...
Lotus Organizer is a personal information manager package initially developed by Lotus Development Corporation as a Windows-based replacement for Lotus Agenda. ...
Lotus Organizer is a personal information manager package initially developed by Lotus Development Corporation as a Windows-based replacement for Lotus Agenda. ...
SmartSuite is an office suite from IBMs Lotus Software group. ...
Microsoft Office is an office suite from Microsoft, which is available on the Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OS X operating systems. ...
Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented graphical user interface-based operating system. ...
This article is about the year. ...
Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ...
Lotus began its diversification from the desktop software business with its 1984 strategic founding investment in Ray Ozzie's Iris Associates, the creator of its Lotus Notes groupware platform. As a result of this early speculative move, Lotus had gained significant experience in network-based communications years before other competitors in the PC world had even started thinking about networked computing or the Internet. Lotus initially brought Notes to market in 1989, and later reinforced its market presence with the acquisition of cc:Mail in 1991. In 1994, Lotus acquired Iris Associates. Lotus's dominant groupware position attracted IBM, which needed to make a strategic move away from host-based messaging products and to establish a stronger presence in client-server computing, but it also soon attracted stiff competition from Microsoft Exchange. Ray Ozzie at the Web 2. ...
Iris Associates was a software development company founded in Littleton, Massachusetts on December 7th, 1984 by Ray Ozzie, specifically to build the software ultimately known as Lotus Notes. ...
Lotus Notes is a client-server collaborative software and e-mail system owned by Lotus Software, of the IBM Software Group. ...
Collaborative software, also known as groupware, is application software that integrates work on a single project by several concurrent users at separated workstations (see also Computer supported cooperative work). ...
Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ...
Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...
Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ...
Iris Associates was a software development company founded in Littleton, Massachusetts on December 7th, 1984 by Ray Ozzie, specifically to build the software ultimately known as Lotus Notes. ...
Microsoft Exchange can mean: Microsoft Exchange Server Microsoft Exchange Client: the native and bundled client of Exchange server up to version 5. ...
Look and Feel Lotus was involved in a number of lawsuits, of which the most significant were the "look and feel" cases which started in 1987. Lotus sued Paperback Software and Mosaic for copyright infringement, false and misleading advertising, and unfair competition over their low-cost clones of 1-2-3, VP Planner and Twin, and sued Borland over its Quattro spreadsheet. This led Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, to found the League for Programming Freedom (LPF) and hold protests outside Lotus Development offices. Paperback and Mosaic lost and went out of business; Borland won and survived. The LPF filed an amicus curiae brief [2] in the Borland case. Borland Software Corporation is a software company headquartered in Austin, Texas. ...
Richard Matthew Stallman (born March 16, 1953), often abbreviated rms,[1] is a software freedom activist, hacker,[2] and software developer. ...
The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit corporation founded in October 1985 by Richard Stallman to support the free software movement (free as in freedom), and in particular the GNU project. ...
League for Programming Freedom (LPF) was founded in 1989 by Richard Stallman to unite free software developers as well as developers of proprietary software to fight against software patents and the extension of the scope of copyright. ...
Amicus curiae (plural amici curiae) is a legal Latin phrase, literally translated as friend of the court, that refers to a person or entity that is not a party to a case that volunteers to offer information on a point of law or some other aspect of the case to...
Brief redirects here. ...
In the second quarter of 1995 IBM launched a hostile bid for Lotus with a $60-per-share tender offer, when Lotus' stock was only trading at $32. Jim Manzi looked for potential white knights, and forced IBM to increase its bid to $64.50 per share, for a $3.5 billion buyout of Lotus in July 1995.[3] On October 11, 1995 Manzi announced his resignation from Lotus (by then known as the Lotus Development division of IBM). He left with stock worth $78 million. Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ...
For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ...
For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ...
Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ...
is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ...
Rumors It has been repeatedly alleged that in 1997 the NSA had backdoored the export version of Notes, but this is a mis-characterization of what actually happened. Prior to that year, Lotus had been restricted from exporting software that used encryption keys that were longer than 40 bits by United States law. Under an agreement with the US government, Lotus was allowed to start exporting 64 bit keys, so long as 24 bits of each key were recoverable using a special key issued by Lotus to the NSA. The result was that the newer version of Lotus Notes provided stronger protection against industrial espionage than any previous version had been allowed to provide, and it provided no less protection against decryption by the NSA than the previous versions had given. (US export regulations were changed in 2001, so current versions of Lotus products are able to use longer keys and they no longer provide NSA with access to any key bits.) “NSA†redirects here. ...
Corporate culture Following in founder Mitch Kapor's footsteps, Lotus has always had a reputation as a progressive company. Lotus's first employee was Janet Axelrod who created not only the Human Resources organization but was the central figure in creating the much respected Lotus culture. As she continued to build her organization and play a central role with the senior management, she eventually hired Freada Klein as the first Director of Employee Relations to help with her emphasis on ensuring a fair workplace. In 1986, Lotus was the first major company to support an AIDS walk. In 1990, Lotus opened a daycare center for the children of its employees. In 1992, Lotus was the first major company to offer full benefits to same-sex partners. In 1998, Lotus was named one of the Top 10 best companies to work for working mothers by Working Mother magazine. Mitch Kapor, usable under fair use This work is copyrighted. ...
Mitch Kapor, usable under fair use This work is copyrighted. ...
Mitch Kapor Mitch Kapor (center) with Bill Gates and Fred Gibbons, during their time working on developing applications for the Apple Macintosh, 1984 Mitchell David Kapor (born 1950) is the founder of Lotus Development Corporation and the designer of Lotus 1-2-3, the killer application often credited with making...
Freada Kapor Klein, Ph. ...
Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...
For other uses, see AIDS (disambiguation). ...
Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ...
Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ...
Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ...
In 1995, Lotus had over 4,000 employees worldwide and IBM's acquisition of Lotus was greeted with apprehension by many Lotus employees, who feared that the corporate culture of "Big Blue" would smother their creativity. To the surprise of many employees and journalists, IBM adopted a very hands-off, laissez-faire attitude towards its new acquisition.
However, by the year 2000, the inevitable assimilation of Lotus was almost complete. While the mass employee defections that IBM feared did not materialize, many long-time Lotus employees did complain about the transition to IBM's culture (IBM's employee benefits programs, in particular, were singled out as inferior to Lotus's very progressive programs). Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ...
Lotus's headquarters in Cambridge used to be divided into two buildings, the Lotus Development Building (LDB) (on the banks of the Charles River) and the Rogers Street building, located adjacent to the CambridgeSide Galleria. However, in 2001, then President and General Manager, Al Zollar decided not to renew the lease of LDB. The subsequent migration of employees across the street (and into home offices) generally coincided with what was probably the final exodus of employees from the company. The Charles River from the Boston side, facing Cambridge and the main campus of Harvard University. ...
The integration of Lotus into IBM continues. Today, it is a software brand in IBM's Software Group. Within Lotus, there is still a strong sense of unity. Many former Lotus employees, though they have moved into and embraced IBM, still identify with Lotus and see themselves as part of the Lotus community.
Origins Mitch Kapor got the name for his company from 'The Lotus Position' or 'Padmasana'. Kapor used to be a teacher of Transcendental Meditation technique as taught by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. Incidentally, competitor Borland code-named their Quattro Pro software "Buddha", as the software was meant to "assume the Lotus position" and take over Lotus 1-2-3's market. There also was (circa 1995) the assertion by one Lotus cc: Mail employee that "Quattro Pro" was taken from the Spanish word "cuatro", or number four. Thus, "Uno-Dos-Tres-Cuatro" was a spin/play on Lotus 1-2-3. [citation needed] The Lotus Posture The Lotus Position (Sanskrit: Padmasanam -- lotus posture) is a cross-legged sitting posture which originated in representations and meditative practices of Hinduism. ...
// Transcendental Meditation or TM is a trademarked meditation technique introduced in 1958 by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi that involves the mental use of specific sounds, called mantras. ...
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (b. ...
Borland Software Corporation is a software company headquartered in Austin, Texas. ...
Quattro Pro is a spreadsheet program developed by Borland and now sold by Corel, most often as part of Corels WordPerfect Office. ...
Media:Example. ...
Products
Current products IBM Lotus Connections is a proprietary Web-based social software application distributed by the Lotus Software division of IBM. Lotus Connections is, according to IBM, ...social software for business that empowers you to be more innovative and helps you execute more quickly by using dynamic networks of coworkers, partners and...
Lotus Domino is an IBM server product that provides enterprise-grade e-mail, collaboration capabilities, and custom application platform. ...
IBM Lotus Expeditor is an IBM product that delivers a desktop/mobile SOA framework for SOA beyond the Data Center. Lotus Expeditor is developed by IBMs Lotus Software division for the construction, integration, and deployment of managed client applications that spans both the web (ie, HTML, DHTML, JavaScript, Ajax...
IBM Lotus Forms is a suite of products by IBMs Lotus Software division that interact to develop and deliver data-driven, XML-based electronic forms (e-forms) to end-users. ...
Lotus Notes is a client-server collaborative software and e-mail system owned by Lotus Software, of the IBM Software Group. ...
Announced at the Lotusphere 2007, IBM Lotus Quickr is a Web 2. ...
IBM Lotus QuickPlace is a proprietary Web-based collaborative software application distributed by the Lotus Software division of IBM. Lotus QuickPlace is a self-service Web tool that provides non-technical professionals the ability to easily create a browser-accessible workspace to support a task, project, or initiative. ...
IBM Lotus Sametime is the commercial Instant Messaging service by the Lotus Software brand of IBM. It provides instant messaging(IM) and presence awareness capabilities as well as support for web conferencing. ...
IBM Lotus Symphony is the name of a set of applications for creating, editing, and sharing word processing documents, spreadsheets, and other documents. ...
Products in maintenance mode SmartSuite is an office suite from IBMs Lotus Software group. ...
Lotus 1-2-3 is a spreadsheet program from Lotus Software (now part of IBM). ...
Lotus Word Pro is word processor software produced by IBMs Lotus Software group for use on Microsoft Windows-compatible computers. ...
Lotus Freelance Graphics is an information graphics and presentation program developed by Lotus Software (formerly Lotus Development Corp. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Lotus Organizer is a personal information manager package initially developed by Lotus Development Corporation as a Windows-based replacement for Lotus Agenda. ...
Discontinued products Agenda is a DOS-based personal information manager, designed by Mitch Kapor and Jerry Kaplan, and marketed by Lotus Software. ...
Lotus Improv was a spreadsheet program from Lotus Development that took the n-dimesional modeling design and hierarchic UI of Javelin and moved it to modern platforms. ...
Lotus Jazz was a an office productivity suite for the Apple Macintosh, but failed to take off. ...
Lotus Magellan was a groundbreaking piece of software in the late 1980s from the company that popularized the 1-2-3 spreadsheet on the PC (following initial success by Dan Bricklins VisiCalc on the Apple II). ...
Lotus Manuscript was a DOS-based word processor from Lotus Development. ...
Lotus Marketplace was a database program developed jointly by Lotus Development Corporation (as the software developer) and Equifax (as the information provider), announced on April 10, 1990, but cancelled shortly after on January 23, 1991, mainly due to massive protests and lawsuit threats, citing invasion of privacy. ...
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