Louis de Broglie

Louis Victor de Broglie (1892-1987)
Born	August 16, 1892 Dieppe, France
Died	March 19, 1987 (aged 94) Paris, France
Nationality	France
Field	Physicist
Institutions	Sorbonne University of Paris
Alma mater	Sorbonne
Academic advisor	Paul Langevin
Notable students	Jean-Pierre Vigier
Known for	Wave nature of electrons
Notable prizes	Nobel Prize for Physics (1929)

Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond, 7th duc de Broglie, generally known as Louis de Broglie (August 15, 1892 – March 19, 1987), was a French physicist and Nobel Prize laureate. He also served as Perpetual Secretary of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris. Image File history File links Broglie_Big. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Dieppe is a town and commune in the Seine-Maritime département of Haute-Normandie (eastern Normandy), France. ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Articles with similar titles include physician, a person who practices medicine. ... Inscription over the entrance to the Sorbonne The front of the Sorbonne Building The name Sorbonne (La Sorbonne) is commonly used to refer to the historic University of Paris in Paris, France or one of its successor institutions (see below), but this is a recent usage, and Sorbonne has actually... The Sorbonne, Paris, in a 17th century engraving The historic University of Paris (French: ) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was in 1970 reorganised as 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII). ... Inscription over the entrance to the Sorbonne The front of the Sorbonne Building The name Sorbonne (La Sorbonne) is commonly used to refer to the historic University of Paris in Paris, France or one of its successor institutions (see below), but this is a recent usage, and Sorbonne has actually... Albert Einstein, Paul Ehrenfest, Paul Langevin, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, and Pierre Weiss at Ehrenfests home in Leiden Paul Langevin (January 23, 1872 â€“ December 19, 1946) was a prominent French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. ... Jean-Pierre Vigier worked closely with Louis de Broglie and David Bohm. ... Properties The electron (also called negatron, commonly represented as e−) is a subatomic particle. ... Image File history File links Nobel. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... Articles with similar titles include physician, a person who practices medicine. ... Nobel Prize medal. ... Louis XIV visiting the Académie in 1671 The French Academy of Sciences (Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. ...

Biography

He was born in Dieppe (Seine-Maritime), younger son of Victor, 5th duc de Broglie. In 1960, upon the death without heir of his older brother, Maurice, 6th duc de Broglie, also a physicist, he became the 7th duc de Broglie. He never married. When he died in Louveciennes (Yvelines), he was succeeded as duke by a distant cousin, Victor-François, 8th duc de Broglie. Dieppe is a town and commune in the Seine-Maritime département of Haute-Normandie (eastern Normandy), France. ... Seine-Maritime is a French département in Normandy. ... Louis-Alphonse-Victor, 5th duc de Broglie (30 October 1846–26 August 1906), was a French aristocrat. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Louis-César-Victor-Maurice, 6th duc de Broglie, generally known as Maurice de Broglie (April 27, 1875–July 14, 1960), was a French physicist. ... Arms of the ducs de Broglie (or, a saltire anchory azure) The title of Duc de Broglie was a French peerage belonging to a family of Piedmontese origin, which emigrated to France in the year 1643. ... Louveciennes is a village and commune in the Yvelines département, in France, in the western suburbs of Paris, between Versailles and Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and adjacent to Marly-le-Roi. ... Yvelines is a French département in the région of ÃŽle-de-France. ... A duke is a nobleman, historically of highest rank and usually controlling a duchy. ... Victor-François Marie Léon, 8th duc de Broglie (b. ...

He had originally intended a career as a humanist, and received his first degree in history. Afterwards, though, he turned his attention—probably under his brother's influence—toward mathematics and physics. With the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, he offered his services to the army in the development of radio communications. The humanities are those academic disciplines which study the human condition using methods that are largely analytic, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural and social sciences. ... The title page to The Historians History of the World. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Unlike his brother Maurice, who was primarily an experimental physicist, Louis de Broglie had the mind of a theorist. His 1922 doctoral thesis, Recherches sur la théorie des quanta (Research on Quantum Theory), introduced his theory of electron waves. This included the wave-particle duality theory of matter, based on the work of Einstein and Planck. This research culminated in the de Broglie hypothesis stating that any moving particle or object had an associated wave. Louis de Broglie thus created a new field in physics, the mécanique ondulatoire, or wave mechanics, uniting the physics of light and matter. For this he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1929. Among the applications of this work has been the development of electron microscopes to get much better image resolution than optical ones, because of shorter wavelengths of electrons compared with photons. Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... In physics, wave-particle duality holds that light and matter exhibit properties of both waves and of particles. ... “Einstein” redirects here. ... This article is about Planck, the German physicist. ... In physics, the de Broglie hypothesis is the statement that all matter (any object) has a wave-like nature (wave-particle duality). ... Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In physics, the photon (from Greek φως, phōs, meaning light) is the quantum of the electromagnetic field; for instance, light. ...

In his later career, Louis de Broglie worked to develop a causal explanation of wave mechanics, in opposition to the wholly probabilistic models which dominate quantum mechanical theory. Today, this explanation is known as the de Broglie-Bohm theory, since it was refined by David Bohm in the 1950s. Causality describes the relationship between causes and effects, and is fundamental to all natural science, especially physics. ... The word probability derives from the Latin probare (to prove, or to test). ... Fig. ... The Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics, sometimes called Bohmian mechanics or the ontological interpretation, is an interpretation postulated by David Bohm in 1952 as an extension of Louis de Broglies pilot-wave theory of 1927. ... David Bohm. ...

From 1924 to 1932, de Broglie taught theoretical physics in the University of Paris; he occupied the chair in that subject.

In addition to strictly scientific work, Louis de Broglie thought and wrote about the philosophy of science, including the value of modern scientific discoveries. Philosophy of science is the study of assumptions, foundations, and implications of science, especially in the natural sciences and social sciences. ...

Louis de Broglie became a member of the Académie des sciences in 1933, and was the academy's perpetual secretary from 1942. On 12 October 1944, he was elected to the Académie française, replacing mathematician Émile Picard. Because of the deaths and imprisonments of Académie members during the occupation and other effects of the war, the Académie was unable to meet the quorum of twenty members for his election; due to the exceptional circumstances, however, his unanimous election by the seventeen members present was accepted. In an event unique in the history of the Académie, he was received as a member by his own brother Maurice, who had been elected in 1934. UNESCO awarded him the first Kalinga Prize in 1952 for his work in popularizing scientific knowledge, and he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London on 23 April 1953. In 1961 he received the title of Knight of the Grand Cross in the Légion d'honneur. De Broglie was awarded a post as counselor to the French High Commission of Atomic Energy in 1945 for his efforts to bring industry and science closer together. He established a center for applied mechanics at the Henri Poincaré Institute, where research into optics, cybernetics, and atomic energy were carried out. He inspired the formation of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science and was an early member.^[1] The French Academy of Sciences (Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Académie française In the French educational system an académie LAcadémie française, or the French Academy, is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. ... Charles Émile Picard (July 24, 1856 - December 11, 1941) was a leading French mathematician. ... The title page to The Historians History of the World. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... The Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science is an award given by UNESCO for people recognized for their efforts in presenting scientific ideas to lay people. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... ... April 23 is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Chiang Kai-sheks Légion dhonneur. ... The Institut Henri Poincaré is a mathematical institute in Paris which has established itself over its eighty year history as an important meeting place for French and international mathematicians and theoretical physicists. ... The International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science was created in Menton in 1967, with Professors Raymond Daudel (France), Per-Olov Löwdin (Sweden), Robert G. Parr (USA), John A. Pople (USA) and Bernard Pullman (France) as its founding members, under the inspiration and with the support of Professor Louis de...

Note on pronunciation

Note: in French "de Broglie" is pronounced [də bʁœj], which sounds close to "de Broy". This is an alteration of the Italian pronunciation of "gl" (sound like "ll"); the original name was "Broglia", and was gallicized in 1654 [1] Events April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War. ...

Miscellaneous

• He has an Erdős number of 5
• Fellow, Royal Society (1953), Fellow, French Academy (1944)
• He was a recipient of the following prizes: Henri Poincaré Medal (1929), Nobel Prize (1929), Albert I of Monaco Prize (1932), Max Planck Medal (1938), Kalinga Prize (1952)

The ErdÅ‘s number, honouring the late Hungarian mathematician Paul ErdÅ‘s, one of the most prolific writers of mathematical papers, is a way of describing the collaborative distance, in regard to mathematical papers, between an author and ErdÅ‘s. ... The premises of The Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... The Académie française (French Academy) is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. ... Nobel Prize medal. ... The Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science is an award given by UNESCO for people recognized for their efforts in presenting scientific ideas to lay people. ...

Principal publications

• Recherches sur la théorie des quanta (Researches on the quantum theory), Thesis, Paris, 1924.
• Ondes et mouvements (Waves and Motions). Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1926.
• Rapport au 5e Conseil de Physique Solvay. Brussels, 1927.
• La mécanique ondulatoire (Wave Mechanics). Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1928.
• Matière et lumière (Matter and Light). Paris: Albin Michel, 1937.
• Une tentative d'interprétation causale et non linéaire de la mécanique ondulatoire: la théorie de la double solution. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1956.
  • English translation: Non-linear Wave Mechanics: A Causal Interpretation. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1960.
• Sur les sentiers de la science (On the Paths of Science).
• Introduction à la nouvelle théorie des particules de M. Jean-Pierre Vigier et de ses collaborateurs. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1961. Paris: Albin Michel, 1960.
  • English translation: Introduction to the Vigier Theory of elementary particles. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1963.
• Étude critique des bases de l'interprétation actuelle de la mécanique ondulatoire. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1963.
  • English translation: The Current Interpretation of Wave Mechanics: A Critical Study. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1964.
• Certitudes et incertitudes de la science (Certitudes and Incertitudes of Science). Paris: Albin Michel, 1966.

See also

• De Broglie hypothesis (also discusses de Broglie wavelength and frequency)
• De Broglie-Bohr theory
• Mass-energy equivalance
• Bohr model

In physics, the de Broglie hypothesis is the statement that all matter (any object) has a wave-like nature (wave-particle duality). ... The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, where negatively charged electrons confined to atomic shells encircle a small positively charged atomic nucleus, and that an electron jump between orbits must be accompanied by an emitted or absorbed amount of electromagnetic energy hν. The orbits that the electrons travel in are...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Louis de Broglie

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Louis de Broglie

• "Les Immortels: Louis de BROGLIE" (Académie française, in French)
• "Louis de Broglie – Biography" (Nobel Foundation)
• Louis de Broglie and Schrodinger's Cat
• O'Connor, John J; Edmund F. Robertson "Louis, 7th duc de Broglie". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.  
• Paul Theroff (2005) An Online Gotha: Broglie Genealogy

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References

1. ^ History of International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science