Louis François Armand du Plessis, duc de Richelieu (March 13, 1696 - August 8, 1788) was a marshal of France and a grandnephew of Cardinal Richelieu. March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Marshal of France (maréchal de France) was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France. ... Cardinal Richelieu was the French chief minister from 1624 until his death. ...

He was born in Paris. Apart from his reputation as a man of exceptionally loose morals, he attained, in spite of a deplorably defective education, distinction as a diplomatist and general. As ambassador to Vienna (1725-1729) he settled in 1727 the preliminaries of peace; in 1733-1734 he served in the Rhine campaign. The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... This page is about negotiations; for the board game, see Diplomacy (game). ... Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austrias nine federal states (Bundesland Wien). ...

His real public career began ten years later. He fought with distinction at Dettingen and Fontenoy, where he directed the grapeshot upon the English columns, and three years afterwards he made a brilliant defence of Genoa; in 1756 he expelled the English from Minorca by the capture of the San Felipe fortress; and in 1757-1758 he closed his military career by those pillaging campaigns in Hanover which procured him the sobriquet of "Petit Père de la Marauds." The Battle of Dettingen took place on June 16 (some sources, no doubt using a different calendar, say June 27), 1743 at Dettingen in Bavaria during the War of the Austrian Succession. ... The Battle of Fontenoy was fought at Fontenoy in the Austrian Netherlands on May 11, 1745, during the French forces under Hermann Maurice, Count de Saxe (the Maréchal of Saxe, an illegitimate son of King Frederick Augustus I of Poland) were besieging Tournay. ... Grapeshot was a kind of anti-personnel ammunition used in cannons. ... Location within Italy Flag of Genoa Christopher Columbus monument in Piazza Aquaverde Genoa (Italian Genova (jeno-vah), Genoese Zena (zaynah), French Gênes) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of Liguria. ... 1756 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Flag of Minorca Minorca (Menorca both in Catalan and Spanish and increasingly in English usage; from Latin insula minor, later Minorica minor island) is one of the Balearic Islands (Illes Balears Catalan official name, Islas Baleares in Spanish), located in the Mediterranean Sea, and belonging to Spain. ... Alternate meanings: Hanover (district), Hanover (region), Hanover (state), other uses Map of Germany showing Hanover Hanover (in German: Hannover [haˈnoːfɐ]), on the Leine river, is the capital of the state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen) in Germany. ...

After the wars he plunged again into court intrigue, favoured the comtesse du Barry and supported his nephew the duc d'Aiguillon. Louis XVI, however, was not favorably inclined to him. In his early days he was thrice imprisoned in the Bastille: in 1711 at the instance of his stepfather, in 1716 in consequence of a duel, and in 1719 for his share in Alberoni's conspiracy against the regent Orleans. Madame du Barry (August 19, 1743 - December 8, 1793) was a courtesan who became the mistress of Louis XV of France. ... Emmanuel-Armand de Vignerot du Plessis de Richelieu, duc dAiguilon (July 31, 1720 - 1782) was a French statesman and a nephew of the marechal de Richelieu. ... Louis XVI Louis XVI (August 23, 1754 - January 21, 1793), was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then King of the French in 1791-1792. ... The Bastille The Bastille was a prison in Paris, known formally as Bastille Saint-Antoine—Number 232, Rue Saint-Antoine. ... Events 24 February -- The London premiere of Rinaldo by George Friderich Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage. ... Events Natchez, one of the oldest towns on the Mississippi, founded. ... A duel or duel of honour is a form of armed combat in which two individuals participate. ... Events January 23 - The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire April 25 - Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe Prussia conducts Europes first systematic census Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) Births November 30 - Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (d. ... Giulio Alberoni (May 31, 1664 - June 16, 1752), Spanish-Italian cardinal and statesman, was born near Piacenza, probably at the village of Fiorenzuola. ... Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Philippe Charles (August 2, 1674 - December 2, 1723) called Duke of Chartres (1674-1701), and then Duke of Orléans (1701-1723) was Regent of France from 1715 to 1723. ...

He was thrice married: first, against his will, at the age of fourteen to Anne Catherine de Noailles; secondly, in 1734, by the intrigues (according to the witty Frenchman's own account) of Voltaire, to Marie Elisabeth Sophie, Mademoiselle de Guise; and thirdly, when he was eighty-four years old, to an Irish lady. Voltaire François-Marie Arouet (November 21, 1694 – May 30, 1778), better known by the pen name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, deist and philosopher. ...

Marshal Richelieu's Memoires, published by JL Soulavie in nine volumes (1790), are partially spurious. See H Noel Williams, The Fascinating Duc de Richelieu (1910).

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ( 1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...