French general Jules Trochu

Louis Jules Trochu (March 12, 1815 - October 7, 1896) was a French military leader. This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (72nd in Leap years). ... 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years). ... 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

He was born at Palais (Belle-Île-en-Mer). Educated at St Cyr, he received a commission in the Staff Corps in 1837, and was promoted to lieutenant in 1840, and captain in 1843. He served as a captain in Algeria under Marshal Bugeaud, who, in recognition of his gallantry in the battles of Sidi Yussuf and Isly made him his aide-de-camp and entrusted him with important commissions. He was promoted to major in 1845, and to colonel in 1853. He served with distinction throughout the Crimean campaign, first as aide-de-camp to Marshal St. Arnaud, and then as general of brigade, and was made a commander of the Légion d'honneur and general of division. He again distinguished himself in command of a division in the Italian campaign of 1859, where he won the grand cross of the Légion d'honneur. 1837 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Thomas Robert Bugeaud de la Piconnerie, Duke of Isly (October 15, 1784 - June 10, 1849), was a marshal of France. ... An aide-de-camp (French: camp assistant) is a personal assistant, secretary, or adjutant to a person of high rank, usually a senior military officer or a head of state. ... The Crimea (officially Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukrainian transliteration: Avtonomna Respublika Krym, Ukrainian: Автономна Республіка Крим, Russian: Автономная Республика Крым, pronounced cry-MEE-ah in English) is a peninsula and an autonomous republic of Ukraine on the northern coast of the Black Sea. ... Armand-Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud (August 20, 1801 - September 29, 1854), French soldier, served as a Marshal of France. ... French Legion of Honor The Légion dhonneur (Legion of Honor (AmE) or Legion of Honour (ComE)) is an Order of Chivalry awarded by the President of France. ...

In 1866 he was employed at the ministry of war in the preparation of army reorganization schemes, and he published anonymously in the following year L'Armée française en 1867, a work inspired with Orleanist sentiment, which ran through ten editions in a few months and reached a twentieth in 1870. This brochure brought him into bad odour at court, and he left the war office on half-pay and was refused a command in the field at the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. After the earlier disasters in 1870, he was appointed by the emperor first commandant of the troops of Châlons camp, and soon afterwards (August 17) governor of Paris and commander-in-chief of all the forces destined for the defence of the capital, including some 120,000 regular troops, 80,000 mobiles, and 330,000 National Guards. 1866 is a common year starting on Monday. ... The Franco-Prussian War (July 19, 1870 – May 10, 1871) was fought between France and Prussia (backed by the North German Confederation) allied with the south German states of Baden, Bavaria and Württemberg. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...

He worked energetically to put Paris in a state of defence and throughout the siege showed himself a master of the passive defensive. At the revolution of September 4 he became president of the government of national defence, in addition to his other offices. His "plan" for defending the city raised expectations doomed to disappointment; the successive sorties made under pressure of public opinion were unsuccessful, and having declared in one of his proclamations that the governor of Paris would never capitulate, when capitulation became inevitable he resigned the governorship of Paris on January 22, 1871 to General Joseph Vinoy, retaining the presidency of the government until after the armistice in February. September 4 is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years). ... January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Joseph Vinoy (1803 - 1880) was a French soldier. ... An armistice is the effective end of a war, when the warring parties agree to stop fighting. ...

He was elected to the National Assembly by eight departments, and sat for Morbihan. In October he was elected president of the council general for Morbihan. In July 1872 he retired from political life, and in 1873 from the army. He published in 1873 Pour la vérité et pour la justice, in justification of the government of national defence, and in 1879 L'Armée francaise en 1879, par un officier en retraite, a sort of supplement to his former work of 1867. He died at Tours. Morbihan is a département in the northwest of France named after the Morbihan (small sea in Breton), the enclosed sea that is the principal feature of the coastline. ... Tours is a commune of France, the préfecture (capital city) of the Indre-et-Loire département, on the lower reaches of the river Loire, between Orléans and the Atlantic coast. ...

Initial text from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica. Please update as needed. Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (April 20, 1808, Paris, France - January 9, 1873, Chislehurst, Kent, England) was a President of France, and later, Emperor of the French. ... September 4 is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years). ... 1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Louis Adolphe Thiers (April 16, 1797 - September 3, 1877) was a French statesman and historian. ... (Redirected from 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica) The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...