Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince
Louis Le Prince, inventor of motion picture film
Born	August 28, 1841(1841-08-28) Metz, France
Occupation	Chemist, engineer, inventor, filmmaker
Spouse	Elizabeth Le Prince-Whitley

Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince (28 August 1841, vanished 16 September 1890) was an inventor who is generally recognized as the first person to record motion images on film. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... is the 240th day of the year (241st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Si paix dedans, paix dehors (French: If peace inside, peace outside) Cathedral St. ... A chemist pours from a round-bottom flask. ... Look up engineer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Inventor (disambiguation). ... The film director, on the right, gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, whilst filming a costume drama on location in London. ... is the 240th day of the year (241st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ...

In October 1888, Le Prince filmed Roundhay Garden Scene, which is thought to be the world's first successful attempt to record moving images, and hence the very first motion picture film.^[1] He followed this with a film of a Leeds Bridge street scene. These were several years before the work of competing inventors such as Thomas Edison and Auguste and Louis Lumière. ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... Edison redirects here. ... Auguste (left) and Louis Lumière. ...

Le Prince was a Frenchman who divided his adult life among France, Britain and the United States. His ground-breaking work in 1888 was conducted in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. For a specific analysis of the population of France, see Demographics of France. ... The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent... For other uses, see Leeds (disambiguation) and Leeds City (disambiguation). ... Coat of Arms of South Yorkshire West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, that has a population of 2. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...

He was never able to perform a planned public demonstration in the United States because he mysteriously vanished from a train in 1890. His body and luggage were never found, but, over a century later, a police archive was found to contain a photograph of a drowned man who could be him.

Forgotten inventor of motion pictures

The early history of motion pictures in the United States and Europe is marked by battles over patents of cameras. In 1888 Le Prince was granted an American dual-patent on a 16-lens device that combined a motion picture camera with a projector. A patent for a single-lens type (MkI) was refused in America because of an interfering patent, yet a few years later the same patent was not opposed when the American Edison applied for one. For other uses, see Patent (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Camera (disambiguation). ... Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince (28 August 1841, vanished 16 September 1890) was an inventor who is generally recognized as the first person to record motion images on film. ... Edison redirects here. ...

60mm film spools used by Le Prince on his 1888 single-lens camera-projector MkII (1930 Science Museum, London)

On October 14, 1888, Le Prince used an updated version (MkII) of his single-lens camera to film Roundhay Garden Scene. He exhibited his first films in the Whitley factory in Hunslet, Leeds and in Oakwood Grange, the Whitley home in Roundhay, Leeds, but they were not distributed to the general public. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince (28 August 1841, vanished 16 September 1890) was an inventor who is generally recognized as the first person to record motion images on film. ... ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... Hunslet is a working class area of inner-city south Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. ... , Roundhay is one of the better known of Leedss suburbs. ...

The following year, he took French-American dual citizenship in order to establish himself with his family in New York City and to follow up his research. However, he was never able to perform his planned public exhibition at Jumel Mansion, New York, in September 1890, due to his mysterious disappearance. Consequently, Le Prince's contribution to the birth of the cinema has often been overlooked. New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

Life

Childhood and school

Le Prince was born in the fortress at Metz, France, on 28 August 1841. His father was a major of artillery in the French Army^[2] and an officer of the Légion d'honneur. He grew up spending time in the studio of his father's friend, the photography pioneer Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, from whom the young Le Prince received lessons relating to photography and chemistry and for whom he was the subject of a Daguerrotype, an early type of photograph. His education went on to include the study of painting in Paris and post-graduate chemistry at Leipzig University, which provided him with the academic knowledge he was to utilise in the future. City flag City coat of arms Motto: Si paix dedans, paix dehors (French: If peace inside, peace outside) Cathedral St. ... is the 240th day of the year (241st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Army of the land), is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and the largest. ... Chiang Kai-sheks Légion dhonneur. ... Photography [fÓ™tÉ‘grÓ™fi:],[foÊŠtÉ‘grÓ™fi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or electronic sensor. ... Louis Daguerre Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (November 18, 1787 – July 10, 1851) was the French artist and chemist who is recognized for his invention of the Daguerreotype process of photography. ... For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation). ... An early daguerreotype, claimed by some to be Abraham Lincoln, although many experts disagree with this claim. ... For other uses , see Painting (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of France. ... The University of Leipzig is one of the oldest universities in Europe. ...

Adulthood

He moved to Leeds, West Yorkshire, England in 1866, after being invited to join John Whitley, a friend from college, in Whitley Partners of Hunslet, a firm of brass founders making valves and components. In 1869 he married Elizabeth Whitley, John's sister and a talented artist. The couple started a school of applied art, the Leeds Technical School of Art, in 1871, and became well renowned for their work in fixing colour photography on to metal and pottery, leading to them being commissioned for portraits of Queen Victoria and the long-serving Prime Minister William Gladstone produced in this way, that were included alongside other mementos of the time in a time capsule - manufactured by Whitley Partners of Hunslet - which was placed in the foundations of Cleopatra's Needle on the embankment of the River Thames. For other uses, see Leeds (disambiguation) and Leeds City (disambiguation). ... Coat of Arms of South Yorkshire West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, that has a population of 2. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Hunslet is a working class area of inner-city south Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. ... Queen Victoria redirects here. ... William Ewart Gladstone (29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British Liberal Party statesman and Prime Minister (1868–1874, 1880–1885, 1886 and 1892–1894). ... For other uses, see Time capsule (disambiguation). ... Close up of Cleopatras Needle (London) Cleopatras Needle in Paris at the Place de la Concorde. ... This article is about the River Thames in southern England. ...

In 1881 Le Prince went to the United States as an agent for Whitley Partners, staying in the country along with his family once his contract had ended. He became the manager for a small group of French artists who produced large panoramas, usually of famous battles, that were exhibited in New York City, Washington DC and Chicago. During this time he continued the experiments he had begun, relating to the production of 'moving' photographs and to find the best material for film stock. This article is an overview of the term Panorama. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Flag Seal Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location Location of Washington, D.C., with regard to the surrounding states of Maryland and Virginia. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... Film stock is the term for photographic film on which films are recorded. ...

During his time in the United States, Le Prince built a camera that utilised sixteen lenses and was his first invention to be patented. Although the camera was capable of 'capturing' motion, it wasn't a complete success because each lens photographed the subject from a slightly different viewpoint and thus the projected image jumped about. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

After his return to Leeds in 1886, Le Prince built and then patented, a one lens camera. It was first used on 14 October 1888 to shoot what would become known as Roundhay Garden Scene, presumably the world's first motion picture. Le Prince later used it to shoot trams and the horse-drawn and pedestrian traffic on Leeds Bridge (the movie was shot from a building on the south east side of the bridge, a blue plaque marks the spot). These pictures were soon projected on a screen in Leeds, making it the first motion picture exhibition. ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... This article refers to public transport vehicles running on rails. ...

Suspicious disappearance

In September 1890, Le Prince boarded a train on a Friday, promising friends he would rejoin them in Paris on the following Monday for the return journey to England, to be followed by a trip to the US to promote his new camera. However, Le Prince did not arrive at the appointed time and he was never seen again by his family or friends. All that could be established about his last whereabouts was that he was seen boarding a train at Dijon for his return to Paris on 16 September 1890. Dijon ( , IPA: ) is a city in eastern France, the préfecture (administrative capital) of the Côte-dOr département and of the Bourgogne région. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ...

The French police, Scotland Yard and the family undertook exhaustive searches but never found his body or luggage. This mysterious disappearance case was never solved. However, five main theories have been proposed. New Scotland Yard, London New Scotland Yard, it blowwsssss often referred to simply as Scotland Yard or The Yard, is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, responsible for policing Greater London (although not the City of London itself). ...

1. Missing person (1890):

   No luggage, nor corpse was found in the Dijon-Paris express nor along the railway. No one saw Le Prince at the Dijon station on September 16, 1890, except his brother. No one saw Le Prince in the Dijon-Paris express after he was seen boarding it. No one noticed strange behavior, nor aggression in the Dijon-Paris express. The French police report conclusion: a missing person. ([1])

2. Perfect suicide (1890):

   According to a police report, Louis Le Prince wanted to commit suicide because he was on the verge of bankruptcy. Le Prince had already set his suicide and he managed for his own body and belongings to never be found. This theory was reported in 1928, by Georges Potoniée, quoting the son of the architect in Les Origines Du Cinématographe. ([2])

3. Patent Wars assassination, "Equity 6928" (1900):

   Christopher Rawlence pursues the assassination theory, along with other theories, and discusses the Le Prince family's suspicions of Edison over patents (the Equity 6928) in his 1990 Missing Reel. At the time that he vanished, Le Prince was about to patent his 1889 projector in England and then leave Europe for his scheduled New York official exhibition. His widow assumed foul play though no concrete evidence has ever emerged and Rawlence prefers the suicide theory. In 1898, Le Prince's elder son Adolphe, who had assisted his father in many of his experiments, was called as a witness for the American Mutoscope Company in their litigation with Edison [Equity 6928]. By citing Le Prince's achievements Mutuscope hoped to annul Edison's subsequent claims to have invented the moving picture camera. Le Prince's widow Lizzie and Adolphe hoped that this would gain recognition for Le Prince's achievement but when the case went against Mutoscope their hopes were dashed. Two years later Adolphe Le Prince was found dead while out duck shooting on Fire Island near New York. Suicide was presumed. [3]

4. Disappearance ordered by the family (1966):

   In 1966, Jacques Deslandes proposed a theory in Histoire comparée du cinéma: "Le Prince's disappearance was voluntary and was caused by reasons of financial order and familial conveniences". [4] In his 1985 L'affaire Lumière: Du mythe à l'histoire, enquête sur les origines du cinéma ("Lumière affair: From myth to History, report on the origins of cinema"), journalist Léo Sauvage quotes a note from Pierre Gras, director of the Dijon municipal library, "Le Prince is dead in Chicago in 1898, voluntary disappearance at the family's request. Homosexuality." This statement was made by a famous historian visiting the Dijon library, but kept secret. Gras showed this note to Sauvage in 1977.[5]

5. Fratricide, murder for money (1967):

   In 1967, Jean Mitry proposed, in Histoire du cinéma, a murder for money theory. Since the architect was sure his brother wanted to commit suicide, why didn't he try to stop him, and why didn't he report this to the police before it was too late?[6]

A photograph of a drowning victim from 1890 resembling Le Prince was discovered in 2003 during research in the Paris police archives.^[2]

Career

Decisive meetings

• Louis Daguerre
• Eadweard Muybridge
• Jean Le Roy

Louis Daguerre Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (November 18, 1787 – July 10, 1851) was the French artist and chemist who is recognized for his invention of the Daguerreotype process of photography. ... Muybridges The Horse in Motion. ...

Late recognition

Even though Le Prince's solo achievement is unchallenged, except for proponents of William Friese-Greene, his work has been long forgotten since he disappeared on the eve of the first public demonstration of the result of years of toil in his Leeds workshop and test conducted at the New York Institute for the Deaf. His pursuit of trademarks over in the United States, the dominance and influence of his countryman rival Thomas Edison, founder of the oligopolistic Edison Trust, became unstoppable. William Friese-Greene (September 7, 1855–May 5, 1921) (born William Edward Green) was a portrait photographer and prolific inventor. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Motion Picture Patents Company (also known as the Edison Trust), founded in December 1908, was a trust of all the major film companies (Edison, Biograph, Vitagraph, Essanay, Selig, Lubin, Kalem, American Star, American Pathé), the leading distributor (George Kleine) and the biggest supplier of raw film, Eastman Kodak. ...

For the April 1894 commercial exploitation of his personal kinetoscope Parlor, Thomas Edison is credited as the inventor of cinema in the United States, while in France, the Lumière Brothers, are coined inventors of the Cinématographe device and inventor of cinema for the first, collective, commercial exploitation of motion picture films in Paris. Like Le Prince, another untold proto-cinema figure is, the French inventor, Léon Bouly, who created the first "Cinématographe" device and patented it in 1892 (Patent Nº219,350). He was never credited, and two years later, his left unpaid patent was bought by the Lumière Brothers (Patent N°245,032). Interior view of Kinetoscope with peephole viewer at top of cabinet. ... Parlour (or parlor), from the Fr. ... The Lumière Brothers, Louis Jean (October 5, 1864–June 6, 1948) and Auguste Marie Louis Nicholas (October 19, 1862–April 10, 1954), were the creators of the cinematographic projector. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Léon Guillaume Bouly (1872 - 1932) was a French inventor who devised and created the cinématographe. ...

However, at Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, Le Prince is celebrated as a local hero. On December 12, 1930, the Lord Mayor of Leeds unveiled a bronze memorial tablet on #160 Woodhouse Lane (then Auto Express Engineering Company), Le Prince's workshop. In 2003, the University's "Centre for Cinema, Photography and Television" was named in his honour. Le Prince's workshop in Woodhouse Lane was till recently the site of the BBC in Leeds. The former Blenheim Baptist chapel, at the junction of Woodhouse Lane and Blackman Lane, is next to the site. The University of Leeds is a major teaching and research university, one of the largest in the United Kingdom with over 32,000 full-time students. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ...

In France, an appreciation society was created as "Association des Amis de Le Prince" ("Association of LePrince's friends") which still exists in Lyon. This article is about the French city. ...

In 1992, the Japanese filmmaker Mamoru Oshii (Ghost in the Shell) directed Talking Head an avant-garde feature film paying tribute to the cinematography history's tragic ending figures such as George Eastman, George Méliès and Louis Le Prince who is credited as "the true inventor of eiga", Japanese for "motion picture film". Urusei Yatsura 2: Beautiful Dreamer Mamoru Oshii (押井守 Oshii Mamoru; born August 8, 1951 in Tokyo) is a Japanese animation and live-action film writer and director famous for his philosophy-orietned storytelling. ... This article contains a plot summary that is overly long or excessively detailed. ... Talking Head (1993) is a live action film written and directed by Mamoru Oshii. ... A work similar to Marcel Duchamps Fountain Avant garde (written avant-garde) is a French phrase, one of many French phrases used by English speakers. ... For other uses, see George Eastman (disambiguation). ... Georges Méliès (December 8, 1861 – January 21, 1938), full name Maries-Georges-Jean Méliès, was a French filmmaker famous for leading many technical and narrative developments in the earliest cinema. ...

LePrince Cine Camera-Projector types

Model	Specs	Design	Manufacture	Patents
LPCC Type-16	Patent: "Method of, and apparatus for, producing animated pictures." Designation: LePrince 16-lens camera, designated by him as "receiver" Framerate: 16fps Film: Eastman Kodak paper film 1885	1886, New York	Made in Paris, 1887	US Patent No.376,247/217,809 Issued Washington November 2, 1886 Accepted January 10, 1888
LPCCP Type-1 MkI	Patent: "Method and Apparatus for the projection of Animated Pictures in view of the adaptation to Operatic Scenes" Designation: LePrince single-lens camera MkI, designated by him as "receiver" Framerate: 10~12fps	1886, New York	Made in Leeds, 1887	UK Patents No.423/425 Issued Washington November 2, 1886 Rejected January 10, 1888 Issued London January 10, 1888 Accepted November 16, 1888 Issued Paris January 11, 1888 Accepted June, 1890
LPCCP Type-1 MkII	Patent: "Method and Apparatus for the projection of Animated Pictures in view of the adaptation to Operatic Scenes" Designation: LePrince single-lens camera MkII, designated by him as "receiver" Framerate: 20fps (adjustable) Lenses: Viewfinder (upper) & Photograph (lower) Film: sensitised paper film & gelatin stripping film (2½"-60mm) Focus: lever (backward/forward)	1888	*Frederic Mason (chassis) *James W. Langley (metal parts) Made in Leeds, 1888	FR Patent No.188,089 Issued London January 10, 1888 Accepted November 16, 1888 Issued Paris January 11, 1888 Accepted June, 1890
LPP Type-3	3-lens projector, designated by him as "deliverer"

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Eastman Kodak Company (NYSE: EK) is an American multinational public company which produces photographic materials and equipment. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see June (disambiguation). ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see June (disambiguation). ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ...

Le Prince's legacy

Remaining material & production

Back view of Le Prince's single-lens Cine Camera-Projector MkII opened (Science Museum, London, 1930).

Le Prince developed his single-lens type camera in a workshop at 160 Woodhouse Lane, Leeds. An updated version of this model was used to direct his motion-picture films. Remaining production consists of a scene in the garden at Oakwood Grange (his wife's family home, in Roundhay), another at Leeds Bridge and an Accordion Player. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

These world's first motion picture films do not exist anymore and Le Prince disappeared body and effects two years later, but parts of the original paper film strips remaining in the camera (Mark II) were found and exploited later.

Half a century later, Le Prince's widow gave the remaining apparatus to the National Science Museum, London (it's now in the National Museum of Photography, Film and Television (NMPFT), Bradford, which opened in 1983 and in 2006 was renamed the National Media Museum). In October 1930, photographic copies of these original fragments were produced by workers of the Science Museum. In the 2000's, the copies weres restored, remastered and re-animated to produce a digital version which was uploaded on to the NMPFT website as public resources ("Roundhay" & "Leeds"). These versions are running at the modern cinématographe 24 frames per second (fps) rate (Roundhay Garden at 24.64fps and Leeds Bridge at 23.50fps), but Le Prince used the frame-rate adjust device built into his apparatus to test various speeds. According to Alphonse Le Prince who assisted his father at Leeds, Roundhay Garden is believed to have been shot at 12fps and Leeds Bridge at 20fps. The Science Museum on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London is part of the National Museum of Science and Industry. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The National Media Museum, Bradford The National Media Museum (formerly the National Museum of Photography, Film and Television) is a museum in Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. Part of the National Museum of Science and Industry, it is now one of the most popular museums in the UK outside London, with... For other uses, see Bradford (disambiguation). ... The National Media Museum, Bradford The National Media Museum (formerly the National Museum of Photography, Film and Television) is a museum in Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. Part of the National Museum of Science and Industry, it is now one of the most popular museums in the UK outside London, with... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Frame rate, or frame frequency, is the measurement of the frequency (rate) at which an imaging device produces unique consecutive images called frames. ...

Since the NMPFT release, various names are used to designate the untitled films, such as "Leeds Bridge" or "Roundhay Garden Scene". Actually, all current online versions (e. g., GIF, FLV, SWF, OGG, WMV, etc.) are derived from the NMPFT files, and these tentative titles are not canon to Le Prince whose mother tongue was French. However "Leeds Bridge" is believed to be the original title, as the traffic sequence was referred as such by Frederic Mason, Le Prince's mechanic. An example of a GIF image. ... FLV (Flash Video) is a proprietary file format used to deliver video over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player (formerly known as Macromedia Flash Player) version 6, 7, 8, or 9. ... This article is about the proprietary file format . ... Ogg is an open standard for a free container format for digital multimedia, unrestricted by software patents and designed for efficient streaming and manipulation. ... Windows Media Video (WMV) is a generic name for the set of streaming video technologies developed by Microsoft. ...

Man Walking Around A Corner (LPCC Type-16)

Unremastered film, original frames copy (14 frames) by National Science Museum, London circa 1930. (Courtesy NMPFT, Bradford) NMPFT Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

The last remaining production of Le Prince's 16-lens camera is a frame sequence of a man walking around a corner. It is believed to have been shot with the 16-lens type but this is unsure as it appears as if it has been made with a single glass plate not an Eastman American film.

Roundhay Garden Scene (LPCCP Type-1 MkII)

Roundhay, 1888 original frames copy (20 frames) by National Science Museum, London 1930 (Courtesy of NMPFT, Bradford). Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Roundhay, remastered version(52 frames) by NMPFT, Bradford 2000's. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

The 1930 National Science Museum copy of the remaining film sequence shot in Roundhay garden features 20 frames (run time 1.66 seconds at 12fps). The digital version produced by the NMPFT has 52 frames (run time 2.11 seconds at 24.64fps) and switches the left side and the right side, since the house is actually incorrectly shown on the right-hand side of the scene in the 1930 copy. It is believed to had been mirrored because of paper parts stuck on the left side of the film that would reduce the visibility. The reason is both physiologic and cultural, a Western viewer's eyes are used to automatically watch from top left to right, this reflex action comes from the childhood taught reading direction. The garden sequence film's damaged side results in distortion and deformation on the, inverted, right side of the digital movie. The scene was shot in Le Prince's father-in-law's garden at Oakwood Grange, Roundhay on October 14 1888. Physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. ... The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning to cultivate, generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ...

Leeds Bridge (LPCCP Type-1 MkII)

6-frame sequence (118~124) of Leeds Bridge (National Science Museum, London 1923) Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

20-frame sequence of Leeds Bridge (National Science Museum)(Courtesy NMPFT, Bradford) Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Leeds, remastered version (65 frames) by NMPFT, Bradford 2000's. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

The earliest frames copy belongs to the 1923 NMPFT inventory, though a different sequence is coming from the 1931 inventory. Digital footage produced by the NMPFT has 65 frames (run time 2.76 seconds at 23.50fps) although the original Leeds Bridge film of 20 frames was shot by Le Prince's camera at 20fps on a 60mm film according to Alphonse Le Prince who assisted his father when this film was shot in late October 1888. The Leeds Bridge film found in the single-lens camera (MkII) actually contains three scenes, first the Rounday Garden scene at Oakwood Grange (20 frames), then the Leeds Bridge traffic scene (20 frames) and lastly a sequence of an accordion player (19 frames plus a damaged 20th) which has not yet been restored nor remastered by the NMPFT. The third sequence suffers from the same problem as the garden sequence.

Accordion Player (LPCCP Type-1 MkII)

Unremastered film, 1888 original frames copy (20 frames, 41~59) by National Science Museum, London 1930 (Courtesy of NMPFT, Bradford). Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

The last remaining film of Le Prince's single-lens camera is a sequence of frames of an accordion player. The location of its recording is uncertain; it could be Leeds or Paris. The recording date is probably 1888. The NMPFT has not remastered this film, probably because of its uncertain recording time and location.

Notes

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 238th day of the year (239th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Sources

• NMPFT Pioneers of Early Cinema : 1. Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince (1842-1890?) by Michael Harvey
• Insight Collections & Research Centre
• Guinness Book of Movie Facts & Feats
• Who's Who of Victorian Cinema
• The Career of Louis Aimée Augustin Le Prince by E. Kilburn Scott (July 1931)
• La naissance du cinéma : cent sept ans et un crime... by Irénée Dembowski (in Kino 1989, translated from Polish to French in Cahiers de l'AFIS, numero 182, nov.-déc. by Michel Rouzé, quoted by Alliage numéro 22 1995)
• The Missing Reel, by Christopher Rawlence (Athenum Publishers, New York, 1990)
• Le Prince's Early Film Cameras, by Simon Popple (in Photographica World, September 1993)
• Le Prince and the Lumières, by Rod Varley (in Making of the Modern World, Science Museum, UK, 1992)
• Career of Louis Aimée Augustin Le Prince, by E. Kilburn Scott, (in Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers, USA, July 1931)
• Burns, Paul The History of the Discovery of Cinematography An Illustrated Chronology
• The Pioneer Work of Le Prince in Kinematography, by E. Kilburn Scott (in The Photographic Journal #63, August 1923, p.373~8)
• Louis Aimée Augustin Le Prince by Merritt Crawford (in Cinema, 1 Dec., 1930, p.28~31)
• L'affaire Lumière. Du mythe à l'histoire, enquête sur les origines du cinéma by Léo Sauvage, 1985 ISBN 2-86244-045-0
• Ingenious Le Prince 16-lens camera
• Louis Le Prince: the body of evidence by Richard Howells (in Screen vol.47 #2, Oxford University Press, 2006)
• Le Prince, inventeur et artiste, précurseur du cinéma by Jean-Jacques Aulas and Jacques Pfend (in Revue d'Histoire du Cinéma N°32, Dec. 2000, p.9) ISSN 0769-0959
• New research centre honours father of film
• Essential Films chapter 2, Culture Wars by Ion Martea
• Roundhay Garden Scene (1888), Culture Wars by Ion Martea
• Traffic Crossing Leeds Bridge (1888), Culture Wars by Ion Martea

See also

• Roundhay Garden Scene

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External links

• Louis Le Prince at the Internet Movie Database
• Adventures In Cybersound an extended biography
• Roundhay Garden Scene Video
• Leeds Bridge Video
• Accordion Player by Louis Le Prince a rough video from the first 17 frames
• Louis Le Prince Centre for Cinema, Photography, and Television
• The Legend of Louis Le Prince
• Leodis - a Photographic Archive of Leedssearch key terms such as Louis Le Prince or Leeds Bridge or Bridge End or Hick Brothers or Auto Express (workshop site), etc
• National Science Museum, London
• National Media Museum, Bradford
• Armley Mills-Leeds Industrial Museum
• Le Prince single-lens camera 1888, Science & Society Picture Library
• Chronomedia year 1888 (Terramedia)
• The History of the Discovery of Cinematography 1885~1889 An Illustrated Chronological History
• Local films for local people (BBC Bradford & West Yorkshire)