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Encyclopedia > Louis Slotin
A sketch used by doctors to determine the amount of radiation to which each person in the room had been exposed during the excursion.

Louis Slotin (December 1, 1910May 30, 1946) was a Canadian physicist and chemist who took part in the Manhattan Project. Slotin was born and raised in the North End of Winnipeg, Manitoba. An exceptional student, he entered the University of Manitoba at age 16. He earned his Bachelor of Science degree in geology in 1932 and a Master of Science a year later. He then went to King's College, London University to pursue his doctorate studies. In 1936, Slotin obtained his doctorate in physical chemistry from King's College, and even won a prize for his thesis. He then spent a few months working for Great Southern Railways, testing the Drumm nickel-zinc rechargeable batteries that were installed on four 2-car sets operating on the Dublin-Bray line. Afterwards, he applied but failed to obtain a job at Canada's National Research Council. He then joined the University of Chicago as a research associate, working on a design for a cyclotron. In 1942, he was invited to participate on the Manhattan Project. Two years later, he relocated to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. A sketch used by doctors to determine the amount of radiation to which each person had been exposed during the excursion. ... A sketch used by doctors to determine the amount of radiation to which each person had been exposed during the excursion. ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with physician, a person who practices medicine. ... A chemist pours from a round-bottom flask. ... This article is about the World War II nuclear project. ... The North End is a neighborhood in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ... For other uses, see Winnipeg (disambiguation). ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English French (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 14 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 15, 1870 (5th) Area  Ranked 8th Total 647,797... The University of Manitoba is the largest university of the province of Manitoba, most comprehensive and only research-intensive post-secondary educational institution. ... B.S. redirects here. ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate course of one or two years in duration. ... For other uses, see Kings College. ... Senate House, designed by Charles Holden home to the universitys central administration offices and its library The University of London, founded in 1836, is a federation of colleges which together constitute one of the worlds largest universities. ... The Great Southern Railways was an Irish company that from 1925 until 1945 owned and operated all railways that lay wholly within the Irish Free State (the present-day Republic of Ireland). ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Harcourt Street railway line was a railway line in Dublin, Ireland; running from Harcourt Street (south of St. ... The National Research Council of Canada (NRC) is Canadas leading organization for scientific research and development. ... For other uses, see University of Chicago (disambiguation). ... A pair of Dee electrodes with loops of coolant pipes on their surface at the Lawrence Hall of Science. ... This article is about the World War II nuclear project. ... Los Alamos National Laboratory, aerial view from 1995. ...


At Los Alamos, Slotin performed experiments with uranium and then with plutonium cores to determine their critical mass values. After the conclusion of World War II, Slotin continued his research at Los Alamos. He was training another scientist, Alvin C. Graves, to serve as his replacement once he went back to the University of Chicago to resume his research into radiobiology. In 1946, he became a citizen of the United States. On May 21 of that year, Slotin was beginning a fission reaction by placing two half-spheres of beryllium around a plutonium core. He separated the two half spheres using the blade of a screwdriver. The screwdriver slipped, and one of the half-spheres underwent a prompt critical reaction that resulted in a burst of hard radiation. Slotin reacted instinctively to the sudden release of heat from the reaction by dropping the beryllium half-sphere to the ground. As a result, he was exposed to a lethal dose of nearly 2100 rems or 21 Sv of neutron and gamma radiation. Slotin was rushed to the hospital, and died nine days later on May 30, in the presence of his parents. This article is about the chemical element. ... This article is about the radioactive element. ... For other uses of critical mass, see critical mass (disambiguation). ... is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... General Name, symbol, number beryllium, Be, 4 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, period, block 2, 2, s Appearance white-gray metallic Standard atomic weight 9. ... In nuclear engineering, an assembly is prompt critical if for each nuclear fission event, one or more of the immediate or prompt neutrons released causes an additional fission event. ... Hard radiation is a term used to describe high-energy electromagnetic radiation, typically high energy X-rays or gamma rays. ... The röntgen (roentgen) equivalent in man or rem (symbol rem) is a unit of radiation dose. ... The sievert (symbol: Sv) is the SI derived unit of dose equivalent. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


Slotin was hailed as a hero by the United States government for reacting quickly enough to prevent the deaths of any of his colleagues in the room at the time. Some argue that this was clearly a preventable accident, since Slotin was using a screwdriver, which was clearly not written in the procedure. The accident at Los Alamos and its aftermath was dramatized in the 1989 motion picture Fat Man and Little Boy, with actor John Cusack starring as Michael Merriman, a fictional character that was based on Slotin. Fat Man and Little Boy (aka Shadow Makers in the UK) is a 1989 film that reenacts the Manhattan Project, the secret Allied endeavor to develop the first nuclear weapons during World War II. It is named after the nuclear weapons known as Fat Man and Little Boy, and also... For other uses, see Actor (disambiguation). ... This article is about the actor. ...

Contents

Early life

Slotin was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, as the first of three children to Israel and Sonia Slotin, Yiddish-speaking refugees who had escaped the pogroms of Russia.[1] Slotin grew up in the North End neighborhood of Winnipeg, an area with a large concentration of Eastern European immigrants. Slotin was an exceptional student from his early days at Machray Elementary School to his teenage years at St. John's Technical High School. His younger brother, Sam, later remarked that his brother "had an extreme intensity that enabled him to study long hours. Louis used to make me play bridge with his friends, so that he could study instead."[1] At the age of 16, he entered the University of Manitoba, in hopes of pursuing his interests in science. During his undergraduate years, he received a University Gold Medal in both physics and chemistry. Slotin received his Bachelor of Science degree in geology from the university in 1932 and Master of Science degree in 1933. With the assistance of one of his mentors, he obtained a fellowship to study at King's College, London University, under the instruction of Professor A. J. Allmand.[1] For other uses, see Winnipeg (disambiguation). ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English French (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 14 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 15, 1870 (5th) Area  Ranked 8th Total 647,797... Yiddish (Yid. ... Pogrom (from Russian: ; from громить IPA: - to wreak havoc, to demolish violently) is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious or other, and characterized by destruction of their homes, businesses and religious centres. ... Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange),members of the Warsaw pact (light orange), and other former Communist regimes not aligned with Moscow (lightest orange). ... The University of Manitoba is the largest university of the province of Manitoba, most comprehensive and only research-intensive post-secondary educational institution. ... In some educational systems, undergraduate education is post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelors degree. ... B.S. redirects here. ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate course of one or two years in duration. ... For other uses, see Kings College. ... Senate House, designed by Charles Holden home to the universitys central administration offices and its library The University of London, founded in 1836, is a federation of colleges which together constitute one of the worlds largest universities. ...


While at King's College, he distinguished himself as an amateur boxer by winning the college's amateur bantam-weight boxing championship. To his friends back home, he managed to give an impression that he had fought for the Spanish Republic and flown fighter jets with the Royal Air Force.[2] Author Robert Jungt wrote in his work Brighter Than a Thousand Suns, "[e]ver since his earliest youth [Slotin] had gone in search of fighting, excitement, and adventure. He had volunteered for service in the Spanish Civil War, more for the sake of the thrill of it than on political grounds."[3] During an interview years later, Sam Slotin stated that his brother had gone "on a walking tour in Spain", and he "did not take part in the war" as previously thought.[1] Slotin received a doctorate in physical chemistry from the university in 1936.[2] He won a prize for his thesis entitled "An Investigation into the Intermediate Formation of Unstable Molecules During some Chemical Reactions". Afterwards, he spent six months working as a special investigation for the Dublin, Ireland's Great Southern Railways, testing the Drumm nickel-zinc rechargeable batteries installed for use on the Dublin-Bray line.[1] Olympic boxing or Amateur boxing is found at the Olympic Games and Commonwealth Games. ... Anthem El Himno de Riego Capital Madrid Language(s) Spanish Government Republic President  - 1931–1936 Niceto Alcalá-Zamora  - 1936–1939 Manuel Azaña Legislature Congress of Deputies Historical era Interwar period  - Monarchy abolished April 14, 1931  - Spanish Civil War 1936–1939  - Surrender to Franco April 1, 1939 Currency Spanish peseta... RAF redirects here. ... Physical chemistry is the application of physics to macroscopic, microscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems[1]within the field of chemistry traditionally using the principles, practices and concepts of thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics and kinetics. ... This article is about the thesis in academia. ... This article is about the city in Ireland. ... The Great Southern Railways was an Irish company that from 1925 until 1945 owned and operated all railways that lay wholly within the Irish Free State (the present-day Republic of Ireland). ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Harcourt Street railway line was a railway line in Dublin, Ireland; running from Harcourt Street (south of St. ...


University of Chicago and the Manhattan Project

In 1937, Slotin tried to obtain a job with Canada's National Research Council but was not accepted. The University of Chicago accepted him as a research associate later in the year. He gained his first nuclear chemistry experience by helping build the first cyclotron in the Midwestern United States.[4] However, the job paid poorly and Slotin's father had to support him for two years. From 1939 to 1940, Slotin collaborated with Professor Evans, the head of the university's biochemistry, to develop radiocarbon from the cyclotron.[1] The National Research Council of Canada (NRC) is Canadas leading organization for scientific research and development. ... For other uses, see University of Chicago (disambiguation). ... A pair of Dee electrodes with loops of coolant pipes on their surface at the Lawrence Hall of Science. ... This article is about the Midwestern region in the United States. ...


On December 2, 1942, he was around during the start-up of "Chicago Pile-1", the first man-made nuclear reactor, created by Enrico Fermi, but there are conflicting accounts of him being actually present at the event.[5] During this time period, he also contributed to a number of papers in the field of radiobiology. His expertise on the subject garnered the attention of the United States government, and as a result, he was invited to join the group of scientists working on the Manhattan Project the Allied program to develop the first nuclear weapon.[4] Slotin worked at the university and later at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, working on the production of plutonium under future Nobel laureate Eugene Wigner. In December 1944, he moved to the Los Alamos laboratory in New Mexico to work in the bomb physics group of Robert Bacher. Technically, he received a leave of absence from the University of Chicago.[1] is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... On December 2, 1942, the worlds first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1, took place on a squash court beneath Stagg Field on the University of Chicago campus. ... Core of a small nuclear reactor used for research. ... Enrico Fermi (September 29, 1901 – November 28, 1954) was an Italian physicist most noted for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, particle physics and statistical mechanics. ... Radiation biology is the interdisciplinary field of science that studies the biological effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation of the whole electromagnetic spectrum, including radioactivity (alpha, beta and gamma), x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, microwaves, radio wave, low-frequency radiation (such as used in alternate electric transmission, ultrasound... This article is about the World War II nuclear project. ... This article is about the independent states that comprised the Allies. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the hypocenter A nuclear weapon derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions of fusion or fission. ... A combination of federal, state and private funds is providing $300 million for the construction of 13 facilities on ORNLs new main campus. ... Oak Ridge is an incorporated city in Anderson and Roane Counties in East Tennessee, about 25 miles northwest of Knoxville. ... This article is about the U.S. state of Tennessee. ... Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners. ... Eugene Wigner Eugene Paul Wigner (Hungarian Wigner Pál JenÅ‘) (November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995) was a Hungarian physicist and mathematician who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and... Los Alamos National Laboratory, aerial view from 1995. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Largest metro area Albuquerque metropolitan area Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... Robert Fox Bacher (August 31, 1905 – November 18, 2004) was an American nuclear physicist and one of the leaders of the Manhattan Project. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...


Los Alamos

At Los Alamos, Slotin's duties consisted of criticality testing, first with Otto Robert Frisch's uranium experiments, and then with plutonium cores. Criticality testing involved dangerous experiments to bring masses of fissile materials to near-critical levels to establish experimentally their critical mass values.[6] Scientists called this dangerous testing "tickling the dragon's tail", after a remark by Richard Feynman that it was "tickling the tail of a sleeping dragon" or due to its flirtations with nuclear chain reaction.[7][8] On July 16, 1945, Slotin assembled the core of Trinity, the first detonated atomic bomb. He became known as the "chief armourer of the United States" for his expertise in assembling these nuclear weapons.[9] Slotin received two small circular lead and silver commemorative pins for his work in the Manhattan Project.[1] Otto Robert Frisch (1 October 1904–22 September 1979), Austrian-British physicist. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... This article is about the radioactive element. ... For other uses of critical mass, see critical mass (disambiguation). ... This article is about the physicist. ... A schematic nuclear fission chain reaction. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Trinity test was the first test of a nuclear weapon, conducted by the United States on July 16, 1945 at , thirty miles (48 km) southeast of Socorro on what is now White Sands Missile Range, headquartered near Alamogordo, New Mexico. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the hypocenter A nuclear weapon derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions of fusion or fission. ... This article is about the metal. ... This article is about the chemical element. ...


After the war, Slotin expressed growing disdain for own personal involvement in the project. He remarked, "I have become involved in the Navy tests, much to my disgust." Unfortunately, Slotin's work was still required at Los Alamos because, as he said, "I am one of the few people left here who are experienced bomb putter-togetherers."[1] He looked forward to resuming his research into biophysics and radiobiology at the University of Chicago and was training a replacement, Alvin C. Graves, to take over his work once he resumed his peacetime job. On August 21, 1945, Harry K. Daghlian, one of Slotin's close colleagues and laboratory assistant, was performing a critical mass experiment when he accidentally dropped a small tungsten carbide brick onto a 6.2 kg delta phase plutonium bomb core.[10] The 24-year old Daghlian was irradiated with 510 rems of neutron radiation.[11] Slotin spent many hours with Daghlian as the young man spent the next 21 days in the hospital, slowly succumbing to his radiation sickness. The following year, Slotin received his United States citizenship in 1946.[1] Biophysics (also biological physics) is an interdisciplinary science that applies the theories and methods of physics, to questions of biology. ... Radiation biology is the interdisciplinary field of science that studies the biological effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation of the whole electromagnetic spectrum, including radioactivity (alpha, beta and gamma), x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, microwaves, radio wave, low-frequency radiation (such as used in alternate electric transmission, ultrasound... Peacetime is the eighth studio album by Eddi Reader released in the UK on January 29, 2007. ... is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Harry K. Daghlian, Jr. ... For other uses of critical mass, see critical mass (disambiguation). ... Monotungsten carbide, WC, or Ditungsten Carbide, W2C, is a chemical compound containing tungsten and carbon, similar to titanium carbide. ... This article is about the radioactive element. ... Neutron radiation consists of free neutrons. ... Radiation poisoning, also called radiation sickness, is a form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. ... The United States flag The Seal of the United States The Immigration and Naturalization Act sets forth the legal requirements for acquiring and losing citizenship of the United States. ...


The prompt criticality accident

A recreation of the incident.
A recreation of the incident.

The same 6.2 kg plutonium core that had produced a burst of ionizing radiation that caused lethal radiation poisoning to Daghlian, was being worked on by Slotin in early 1946. The core, which later was termed the "Demon core" due to the accidents it led to, was subject to a number of experiments shortly after the end of the war and had been slated for use in the ABLE test of the Crossroads series prior to the Slotin accident. However, it is not known whether the core was ever detonated.[12] Image File history File links Tickling_the_Dragons_Tail. ... Image File history File links Tickling_the_Dragons_Tail. ... Radiation hazard symbol. ... The Demon core was the nickname given to a 6. ... A 23 kiloton dropped nuclear weapon, known as Operation Crossroads (Event Able) A 21 kiloton underwater nuclear weapons effects test, known as Operation Crossroads (Event Baker), conducted at Bikini Atoll (1946). ...


On May 21, 1946, Slotin and seven other colleagues were in a laboratory performing an experiment that involved the creation of the beginning of the fission reaction by placing two half-spheres of beryllium (a neutron reflector) around the plutonium core. Slotin grasped the upper beryllium hemisphere with his left hand through a thumb hole at the top while he maintained the separation of the half-spheres by the blade of a screwdriver with his right hand, having removed the shims normally used.[1] Using a screwdriver was not a normal part of the experimental protocol. At 3:20 p.m., the screwdriver slipped allowing the upper beryllium hemisphere to fall causing a "prompt critical" reaction, resulting in a burst of hard radiation.[6] The "blue glow" of air ionization was observed and a "heat wave" was felt by the scientists in the room. Slotin instinctively jerked his left hand upward, lifting the upper beryllium hemisphere and dropping it to the floor. He exposed himself to a lethal dose (around 2100 rems, or 21 Sv) of neutron and gamma radiation, in history's second criticality accident.[11] Slotin's radiation dose would be identical to the amount he would have received had he been a distance of 4,800 feet (1,463 metres) away from the detonation of an atomic bomb.[12] In addition to the blue glow and heat, Slotin experienced a sour taste in his mouth and an intense burning sensation in his left hand.[1] is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... General Name, symbol, number beryllium, Be, 4 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, period, block 2, 2, s Appearance white-gray metallic Standard atomic weight 9. ... In engineering, a shim is a thin and often tapered or wedged, piece of material, used to fill small gaps or spaces between objects. ... In nuclear engineering, an assembly is prompt critical if for each nuclear fission event, one or more of the immediate or prompt neutrons released causes an additional fission event. ... Hard radiation is a term used to describe high-energy electromagnetic radiation, typically high energy X-rays or gamma rays. ... The röntgen (roentgen) equivalent in man or rem (symbol rem) is a unit of radiation dose. ... The sievert (symbol: Sv) is the SI derived unit of dose equivalent. ... A criticality accident (also sometimes referred to as an excursion or power excursion) occurs when a nuclear chain reaction is accidentally allowed to occur in fissile material, such as enriched uranium or plutonium. ... This article is about the unit of length. ...


As soon as Slotin left the building, he vomited, a common reaction from exposure to extremely intense ionizing radiation.[1] Slotin's colleagues rushed him to the hospital, but the irreversible damage had already been done. His parents were informed of their son's eventual death and a number of volunteers wanted to donate blood for transfusions, but the efforts proved futile.[1] The accident ended all hands-on assembly work at Los Alamos. The incident was at first classified and not made known even within the laboratory; Robert Oppenheimer and other colleagues later reported severe emotional distress at having to carry on with normal work and social activities while they secretly knew that their colleague lay dying. Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another. ... J. Robert Oppenheimer[1] (April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist, best known for his role as the director of the Manhattan Project, the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear weapons, at the secret Los Alamos laboratory in New Mexico. ...


Louis Slotin died nine days later on May 30,[13] in the presence of his parents. Three of the seven survivors of the accident died years later from causes possibly related to the radiation exposure. Louis Slotin was buried in Winnipeg on June 2, 1946.[1] is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Legacy

On June 14, 1946, the associate editor of the Los Alamos Times, Thomas P. Ashlock, penned a poem entitled "Slotin - A Tribute": is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Editing is the process of preparing language, images, or sound for presentation through correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications. ...

May God receive you, great-souled scientist!
While you were with us, even strangers knew
The breadth and lofty stature of your mind
'Twas only in the crucible of death
We saw at last your noble heart revealed.[1]

The official line was that Slotin, by quickly removing the upper hemisphere, was a hero for ending the critical reaction and protecting seven other observers in the room. The official release from the authorities while Slotin was dying in the hospital after the accident was: "Dr. Slotin's quick reaction at the immediate risk of his own life prevented a more serious development of the experiment which would certainly have resulted in the death of the seven men working with him, as well as serious injury to others in the general vicinity."[1] The designation as a hero is moderated by criticisms (from, for example, Robert B. Brode) that the accident was avoidable and that Slotin was not using proper procedures, endangering the others in the lab along with himself.[1] In 1948, Slotin's colleagues at Los Alamos and the University of Chicago initiated the Louis A. Slotin Memorial Fund for lectures on physics given by distinguished scientists like Robert Oppenheimer and Nobel laureates Luis Walter Alvarez and Hans Bethe. The memorial fund lasted until 1962.[1] J. Robert Oppenheimer[1] (April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist, best known for his role as the director of the Manhattan Project, the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear weapons, at the secret Los Alamos laboratory in New Mexico. ... Luis Walter Alvarez (June 13, 1911 – September 1, 1988) of San Francisco, California, USA, was a famed physicist who worked at the University of California, Berkeley. ... Hans Albrecht Bethe (pronounced bay-tuh; July 2, 1906 – March 6, 2005), was a German-American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967 for his work on the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis. ...


The incident was recounted in Dexter Masters' 1955 novel The Accident, a fictional account of the last few days of life for a nuclear scientist suffering from radiation poisoning.[14][15] The accident and its aftermath were dramatized in the 1989 motion picture Fat Man and Little Boy, that starred Paul Newman as Lieutenant General Leslie Groves and John Cusack as Michael Merriman, a fictional character based on Slotin.[16] Author Paul Mullin wrote the play Louis Slotin Sonata, a dramatic recreation of the events that unfolded on May 21, 1946.[16] In 2002, an unnamed asteroid discovered in 1995 was named 12423 Slotin in his honor.[17] Fat Man and Little Boy (aka Shadow Makers in the UK) is a 1989 film that reenacts the Manhattan Project, the secret Allied endeavor to develop the first nuclear weapons during World War II. It is named after the nuclear weapons known as Fat Man and Little Boy, and also... This article is about the American actor and race team owner. ... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Leslie Groves Leslie Richard Groves (August 17, 1896 – July 13, 1970) was a United States Army officer who oversaw the construction of the Pentagon and was the primary military leader in charge of the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb during World War II. Descended from French Huguenots who... This article is about the actor. ... is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Asteroid (disambiguation). ... 12423 Slotin is a main belt asteroid, discovered on October 17, 1995 by Spacewatch. ...


References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Zeilig, Martin (August/September 1995). "Louis Slotin And 'The Invisible Killer'". The Beaver 75 (4): 20-27. Retrieved on 2007-11-20. 
  2. ^ a b Anderson, H. L.; A. Novick, and P. Morrison (August 23, 1946). "Louis A. Slotin: 1912-1946". Science 104 (2695): 182-183. Retrieved on 2007-11-21. 
  3. ^ Jungt, Robert (1958). Brighter Than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists. New York, New York: Harcourt Brace. 
  4. ^ a b science.ca Profile: Louis Slotin. GCS Research Society (2007-11-07). Retrieved on 2007-11-21.
  5. ^ A 1962 University of Chicago document says that Slotin "was present on December 2, 1942, when the group of 'Met Lab' [Metallurgical Laboratory] scientists working under the late Enrico Fermi achieved man's first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction in a pile of graphite and uranium under the West Stands of Stagg Field." Slotin's colleague, Henry W. Newson, recollected that he and Slotin were not present during the scientists' experimentation.
  6. ^ a b Martin, Brigitt (December 1999). "The Secret Life of Louis Slotin 1910 - 1946". Alumni Journal of the University of Manitoba 59 (3). Retrieved on 2007-11-22. 
  7. ^ Weber, Bruce. "Theater Review; A Scientist's Tragic Hubris Attains Critical Mass Onstage", New York Times, 2001-04-10. Retrieved on 2007-11-22. 
  8. ^ (November/December 2002) "Science as Theater: The Slip of the Screwdriver". American Scientist 90 (6): 550. Sigma Xi. Retrieved on 2007-11-26. 
  9. ^ Durschmied, Erik (2003). Unsung Heroes: The Twentieth Century's Forgotten History-Makers. London, England: Hodder & Stoughton, 245. ISBN 0340825197. 
  10. ^ Newtan, Samuel U. (2007). Nuclear War I and Other Major Nuclear Disasters of the 20th Century. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse, 67. ISBN 1-4258-8511-4. 
  11. ^ a b LA-13638 A Review of Criticality Accidents 89. Los Alamos National Laboratory (May 2000). Retrieved on 2007-11-24.
  12. ^ a b Miller, Richard L. (1991). Under the Cloud: The Decades of Nuclear Testing. The Woodlands, Texas: Two Sixty Press, 69. ISBN 0029216206. 
  13. ^ (1983) in Chris Austell: Decision-Making in the Nuclear Age. Weston, Massachusetts: Halcyon Press, 353. 
  14. ^ Schonberg, Harold C. "Dexter Masters, 80, British Editor; Warned of Perils of Atomic Age", New York Times, 1989-01-006. Retrieved on 2007-11-26. 
  15. ^ Badash, Lawrence; Joseph O. Hirschfelder and Herbert P. Broida (1980). Reminiscences of Los Alamos, 1943-1945. Dordrecht, Netherlands: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 98-99. ISBN 90-277-1098-8. 
  16. ^ a b Berson, Misha. ""Louis Slotin Sonata": Tumultuous and bubbling drama", The Seattle Times, 2006-09-21. Retrieved on 2007-11-26. 
  17. ^ "Manitobans Who Made a Difference: Louis Slotin (1910-1946)", Manitoba Culture, Heritage and Tourism, 2007-11-05. Retrieved on 2007-11-26. 

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  • Louis Slotin Sonata

  Results from FactBites:
 
Louis_Slotin LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER (1225 words)
Slotin grasped the upper beryllium hemisphere with his left hand through a thumb hole at the top while he maintained the separation of the half-spheres by a blade of a screwdriver with his right hand, having removed the shims normally used.
Slotin's colleagues rushed him to hospital but Slotin was aware of his condition and, realizing he would die, is said to have remarked: "You'll be OK, but I think I'm done for." His parents were informed and a number of volunteers wanted to donate blood but the efforts proved futile.
Louis Slotin was buried in Winnipeg on June 2, 1946 (though not in a lead coffin, as was later rumored).
Louis Slotin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (856 words)
Louis Slotin was born December 1, 1910 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, to the family of Israel and Sonia Slotin, Yiddish-speaking refugees from Russia.
Slotin's colleagues rushed him to hospital but Slotin was aware of his condition and, realizing he would die, is said to have remarked: "You'll be OK, but I think I'm done for." His parents were informed and a number of volunteers wanted to donate blood but the efforts proved futile.
Louis Slotin was buried in Winnipeg on June 2, 1946 (though not in a lead coffin, as was later rumored).
  More results at FactBites »


 

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