Louise Arbour (born February 10, 1947 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is the current UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and a former Supreme Court of Canada Justice. The following judges have served as Puisne Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada. ... September 15 is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years). ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Honourable Peter deCarteret Cory, B.A., LL.B., LL.D. (born October 25, 1925) was a puisne judge of the Supreme Court of Canada from 1989 to 1999. ... The Hon. ... The Honourable Madam Justice Louise Charron, B.A., LL.B., LL.D. The Honourable Justice Louise Charron, BA , LL.B , LL.D (born March 2, 1951 in Sturgeon Falls, Ontario) is a Canadian jurist. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... {{Canadian City/Disable Field={{{Disable Motto Link}}}}} Motto: Concordia Salus (Salvation through harmony) Ville de Montréal, Québec, Canada Location. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... This article needs cleanup. ... The purpose of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights involves the promotion and protection of human rights worldwide through direct contact with individual governments and the provision of technical assistance where appropriate. ... The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. ...

Born in Montreal, Quebec to Bernard Arbour (deceased) and Rose Ravary, the owners of a hotel chain, she attended convent school, during which time her parents divorced. As editor of the school magazine, she earned a reputation for irreverence. This article needs cleanup. ...

In 1967, she graduated from College Regina Assumpta, and proceeded to the Université de Montréal where she completed an LL.L. with distinction in 1970. She became the Law Clerk for Mr. Justice Louis-Philippe Pigeon of the Supreme Court of Canada in 1971-1972 while completing graduate studies at the Faculty of Law (Civil Section) of the University of Ottawa. She was called to the Quebec bar in 1971 and to the Ontario Bar in 1977. The Université de Montréal (UdeM) (translated into English commonly as (the) University of Montreal) is one of six universities in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... Louis-Philippe Pigeon (February 8, 1905 – February 23, 1986) was a judge of the Supreme Court of Canada. ... The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. ... The University of Ottawa or Université dOttawa in French (also known as uOttawa or nicknamed U of O or Ottawa U) is a bilingual [1], research-intensive, non-denominational, international university in Ottawa, Ontario. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (de facto) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked 4th 1,076...

She has three children: Emilie, Patrick and Catherine Taman.

Legal career

From 1972-73, Louise Arbour was research officer for the Law Reform Commission of Canada. She then taught at Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, first as a Lecturer (1974), then as Assistant Professor (1975), Associate Professor (1977-1987), and finally as Associate Professor and Associate Dean (1987). She also was Vice-President of the Canadian Civil Liberties Association until her appointment to the Supreme Court of Ontario (High Court of Justice) in 1987 and to the Court of Appeal for Ontario in 1990. Osgoode Hall Law School of York University was established by The Law Society of Upper Canada in 1889. ... York University (French: Université York), located in Toronto, Ontario, is Canadas third-largest university. ... The Canadian Civil Liberties Association or CCLA, is a non-governmental organization in Canada that is devoted to the defense of civil liberties and civil rights. ...

In 1995, Madam Louise Arbour was appointed as President of a Commission of Inquiry, under the Inquiries Act, for the purpose of investigating and reporting on events at the Prison for Women in Kingston, Ontario, following allegations by prisoners of abuse.

In 1996, she was appointed Chief Prosecutor of War Crimes before the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague. In that capacity she indicted then President Slobodan Milosevic for war crimes, the first time a serving head of State was called to account before an international court. Also indicted were Milan Milutinović, President of the Republic of Serbia, Nikola Sainovic, Deputy Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Dragoljub Ojdanic, Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and Vlajko Stojiljkovic, Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Serbia.^[1][2][3] Wanted poster for the ICTR The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April, 1994, commencing on April 6. ... The Tribunal building in The Hague. ... Arms of The Hague Flag of The city of The Hague. ... Slobodan Milošević. Slobodan Milošević Slobodan Milošević  listen (Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Милошевић, pronounced ; born 20 August 1941) is a former President of Serbia and of the Federal... Milan Milutinović (Милан Милутиновић), born 19 December 1942, is a former President of Serbia. ...

In 1999 Arbour was appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada. The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. ...

Throughout her career, Arbour has published in the area of criminal procedure and criminal law, in both French and English. At various times, she has served as an editor for the Criminal Reports, the Canadian Rights Reporter, and the Osgoode Hall Law Journal.

Madam Louise Arbour has been awarded honorary doctorates by twenty-seven universities.

She is also the subject of a 2005 fact-based Canadian-German made-for-television movie, entitled Hunt For Justice which follows her quest to indict Bosnian war criminals. Arbour was played by Canadian actress Wendy Crewson. Wendy Crewson (born May 9, 1956 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian actress. ...

UN High Commissioner

On February 20, 2004, she was appointed UN High Commissioner for Human Rights^[4], a position she took officially on July 1, 2004. She replaced Sergio Vieira de Mello, who was killed in the Canal Hotel bombing in Baghdad, Iraq, along with other members of his staff, in August 2003. February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The purpose of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights involves the promotion and protection of human rights worldwide through direct contact with individual governments and the provision of technical assistance where appropriate. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sérgio Vieira de Mello Sérgio Vieira de Mello (March 15, 1948 - August 19, 2003) was a Brazilian diplomat who worked for the United Nations (UN) for over 30 years, earning respect and praise around the world for his efforts in the sometimes amorphous humanitarian programs of the UN... The Canal Hotel after the bombing. ... Baghdad (Arabic ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... 2003 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for August, 2003. ...

She expressed her concern over the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy.^[5] The controversial cartoons of Muhammad, as they were first published in Jyllands-Posten in September 2005. ...

In July, during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, she stated that "those in positions of command and control" could be subject to "personal criminal responsibility" for their actions in the conflict. In Arbour's full statement, she did not single out a side for war crimes.^[6] However, some have taken the statement to be directed to Israel. Alan Baker, Israel's ambassador to Canada, said he "completely reject[s] Louise Arbour's warning."^[7]. In 2006 during a trip to Israel and the disputed territories, Arbour initially refused to meet with the families of the kidnapped Israeli soldiers, Eldad Regev, Ehud Goldwasser, and Gilad Shalit, but later changed her mind following a media furor and accusations of bias. In the meeting, she offered to do "all she can" to help obtain their release. As High Commissioner she was criticized for not using this trip as an opportunity to call attention to their kidnapping. "^[8] Combatants Hezbollah Amal LCP  Israel Commanders Hassan Nasrallah (Secretary General of Hezbollah) Imad Mughniyeh (Commander of Hezbollahs armed wing)[5] Dan Halutz (CoS) Moshe Kaplinsky[12] Udi Adam (Regional) Strength 600-1,000 active fighters 3,000-10,000 reservists[6] 30,000 ground troops (plus IAF & ISC)[13...

In Nov. 2006, Arbour met backlash for her comments on the Israel-Lebanon conflict. While visiting Sderot, an Israeli town often attacked by rockets, she was heckled and her motorcade was stoned. Asked by the Jerusalem Post^[9] if there was a distinction under human rights law between missile attacks aimed at killing civilians and military strikes in which civilians are unintentionally killed, Arbour said the two could not be equated. Sederot (Hebrew: (help·info); unofficially also spelled Sderot) is a city in the Southern District of Israel in Israel. ...

“In one case you could have, for instance, a very objectionable intent - the intent to harm civilians, which is very bad - but effectively not a lot of harm is actually achieved,” she said. “But how can you compare that with a case where you may not have an intent but you have recklessness [in which] civilian casualties are foreseeable? The culpability or the intent may not sound as severe, but the actual harm is catastrophic.”^[10]

Rwandan Genocide Controversy

A report by French magistrate Jean-Louis Bruguière has alleged that Arbour refused to examine certain avenues of investigation concerning the downing of the flight carrying the Presidents of Rwanda and Burundi in 1994, which sparked the Rwandan Genocide.^[11] Allegedly, Arbour in 1997 (then the war crimes prosecutor based in The Hague) ordered investigators to cease examining whether current President of Rwanda Paul Kagame was responsible for the missile launch that downed the plane. Jean-Louis Bruguière is a French judge. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... The Rwandan Genocide was the 1994 mass extermination of hundreds of thousands of ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutu Sympathizers in Rwanda and was the largest atrocity during the Rwandan Civil War. ... Paul Kagame (born October 23, 1957) is the current President of Rwanda and the founder of the Rwandan Patriotic Front. ...

Further reading

• United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (Profile)
• CBC.ca News: Arbour to take UN human rights post
• Supreme Court of Canada: Judges of the Court
• Address to Convocation at Memorial University of Newfoundland
• Louise Arbour (HCDH) (fr)
• Louise Arbour, Chief Prosecutor of International War Crimes Tribunal, Interview
• profile at JURIST
• Arbour's appeasement of Islamic violence over Muhammad cartoons

See also

• Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Arbour
• The Canadian Television TV movie Hunt for Justice (2005) is a docudrama account of Mrs. Arbour's work as prosecutor for the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Please see website at http://www.huntforjustice.com/. Film includes graphic scenes of excavations of bodies from mass graves in Vukovar,Croatia.

This is a list of all the reasons written by Louise Arbour during her tenure as puisne justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. ...

Footnotes

1. ^ International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
2. ^ The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia: CASE No. IT-99-37 UN document
3. ^ Statement by Justice Louise Arbour, Prosecutor ICTY "I presented an indictment for confirmation against Slobodan Milosevic and four others charging them with crimes against humanity" in a UN press statement (JL/PIU/404-E), 27 May 1999
4. ^ Louise Arbour Takes Up Mandate of High Commissioner a UN press statement, 1 July 2004
5. ^ Paul Belien UN to Investigate Racism of Danish Cartoonists in The Brussels Journal 7 December 2005
6. ^ High Comminsioner for Human Rights Calls for Protection of Civilians and Accountablity in Latest Mideast Crisis, July 19 2006
7. ^ Israeli ambassador says Louise Arbour doesn't get it, July 21 2006
8. ^ [1]
9. ^ [2]
10. ^ Ibid.[3]
11. ^ [ http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-rwanda17feb17,0,4805181,full.story?coll=la-home-headlines Los Angeles Times]

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