 Entrance to Creation Exhibit on the Pike
 Map of the St. Louis World's Fair
 View from Observation Wheel, showing exhibitions New York to the North Pole, Galveston Flood, and Palace of Transportation The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, informally known as The Saint Louis World's Fair, was a World's Fair held in the U.S. city of St. Louis, Missouri, in 1904. The Fair celebrated the centennial of the Louisiana Purchase (delayed one year). It opened April 30, 1904, and closed December 1 the same year. 1904 St. ...
1904 St. ...
Image File history File links St. ...
Image File history File links St. ...
1904 Worlds fair Louisiana Purchase Exposition as St. ...
1904 Worlds fair Louisiana Purchase Exposition as St. ...
Worlds Fair is any of various large expositions held since the mid-19th century. ...
For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American...
Nickname: Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government - Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area - City 66. ...
1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ...
For the musical, see Louisiana Purchase (musical) and Louisiana Purchase (film). ...
is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ...
is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Fair's 1,200-acre (4.9 km²) site, designed by George Kessler [1], was located at the present-day grounds of Forest Park and on the campus of Washington University, and was the largest fair to date. There were over 1,500 buildings, connected by some 75 miles (120 km) of roads and walkways. It was said to be impossible to give even a hurried glance at everything in less than a week. The Palace of Agriculture alone covered some 20 acres (324,000 m²). George Kessler After his career in various mercenary troops like South Africa mercenaries and French Foreign Legion, in the Zanzibar Independence War, (commonly referred to as War of the Mercenaries) he was severely wounded in his right thigh, and his professional military career was over. ...
For the park in New York see Forest Park (Queens) McDonnell Planetarium Jewel Box in Forest Park Old Footbridge in Forest Park Forest Park in St. ...
Washington University in St. ...
Exhibits were staged by 62 foreign nations, the United States government, and 43 of the then-45 U.S. states. These featured industries, cities, private organizations and corporations, theater troupes, and music schools. There were also carnival-type amusements found on "The Pike." Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of...
Architect Kessler, who designed many urban parks in Texas and the Midwest, created the master design for the Fair.
A popular myth says that Frederick Law Olmsted, who died the year before the fair, designed the park and fair grounds. There are several reasons for this confusion. First, Kessler in his twenties had worked briefly for Olmsted as a Central Park gardener. Second, Olmsted was involved with Forest Park in Queens, New York. Third, Olmsted had planned the renovations to the Missouri Botanical Garden a few blocks to the southeast of the park in 1897.[1] Finally, Olmsted's sons advised Washington University on integrating the campus with the park across the street. {{Infobox Person | name = | image = FLOlmstead. ...
Central Park is a large public, urban park (843 acres, 3. ...
Forest Park in Queens (538 acres; 215 hectares) is one of the natural treasures of New York City. ...
Seiwa-en One of the Various Gardens at the Missouri Botanical Garden The Missouri Botanical Garden is a botanical garden located in St. ...
Washington University in St. ...
Legacy
Buildings
 Palace of Mines & Metallurgy As with the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, all but one of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition's grand, neo-Classical exhibition palaces were temporary edifices. They were built with a material called "staff," a mixture of plaster of Paris and hemp fibers. As in Chicago, buildings and statues deteriorated visibly during the months of the Fair. 1904 Worlds Fair, Palace of Mines, from period steropticon card This image is in the public domain in the United States and possibly other jurisdictions. ...
1904 Worlds Fair, Palace of Mines, from period steropticon card This image is in the public domain in the United States and possibly other jurisdictions. ...
One-third scale replica of Daniel Chester Frenchs Republic, which stood in the great basin at the exposition, Chicago, 2004 The Worlds Columbian Exposition (also called The Chicago Worlds Fair), a Worlds Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher...
Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area - City 234. ...
This article is about the building material. ...
The Palace of Fine Art, designed by architect Cass Gilbert, featured a grand interior sculpture court based on the Roman Baths of Caracalla. Standing at the top of Art Hill, it now serves as the home of the St. Louis Art Museum. The Woolworth Building in New York City was the worlds tallest building when it was built in 1913. ...
The Baths of Caracalla, in 2003 The Baths of Caracalla were Roman public baths, or thermae, built in Rome between 212 and 216 AD, during the reign of the Emperor Caracalla. ...
The façade of the St. ...
The Administration Building is now Brookings Hall, the defining landmark on the campus of Washington University. A copy of the building was erected at Northwest Missouri State University founded in 1905 in Maryville, Missouri. The grounds layout was also recreated in Maryville and now is designated as the official Missouri State Arboretum. Brookings Hall is a prominent Collegiate Gothic structure on the campus of Washington University. ...
Washington University in St. ...
Northwest Missouri State University is a state university in Maryville, Missouri. ...
Administration Building at Northwest Missouri State University Nodaway County Courthouse is on the National Register of Historic Places Mozingo Lake Golf Course Maryville is a city in Nodaway County, Missouri, United States. ...
 Palace of Varied Industries Some of the mansions from the Exposition's era survive along Lindell Boulevard at the north border of Forest Park. The huge bird cage at the St. Louis Zoo dates to the fair. 1904 Worlds Fair, Palace of Varied Industries, from period stereopticon card This image is in the public domain in the United States and possibly other jurisdictions. ...
1904 Worlds Fair, Palace of Varied Industries, from period stereopticon card This image is in the public domain in the United States and possibly other jurisdictions. ...
The Saint Louis Zoological Park is a zoo in Saint Louis, Missouri. ...
Birmingham, Alabama's iconic cast iron Vulcan statue was first exhibited at the Fair in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy. Nickname: Location in Jefferson County in the state of Alabama Coordinates: , Country State Counties Jefferson, Shelby Incorporated December 19, 1871 Government - Type Mayor - Council - Mayor Bernard Kincaid (Current) Larry Langford (Mayor-Elect) Area - City 151. ...
Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing more than 2% carbon (alloys with less carbon are carbon steel by definition). ...
The Vulcan statue The Vulcan statue is the largest cast iron statue in the world and the symbol of Birmingham, Alabama. ...
The Missouri State building was planned as a permanent structure, but it burned down on November 18, and since the fair was almost over it was not rebuilt. After the fair, the World's Fair Pavillion was built on the site of the Missouri building.
Festival Hall was the site of the largest organ in the world at the time, built by the Los Angeles Art Organ Company. It was placed into storage and then eventually purchased by John Wanamaker for his new Wanamaker's store in Philadelphia. See Wanamaker Organ for more details. Completed in 1913, the Jefferson Memorial building was built near the main entrance to the Exposition, at Lindell and DeBalivere. It was built with proceeds from the fair, to commemorate Thomas Jefferson, who initiated the Louisiana Purchase, and to store the Exposition's records and archives. It is now home to the Missouri History Museum. John Wanamaker (July 11, 1838 – December 12, 1922) was a United States businessman, civic and political figure, considered the father of modern advertising. ...
Wanamakers department store was the first department store in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and one of the first department stores in the United States. ...
For other uses, see Philadelphia (disambiguation) and Philly. ...
A view of the Grand Court in Macys department store in Philadelphia. ...
Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ...
The Missouri History Museum located in St. ...
Introduction of new foods A number of foods are claimed to have been invented at the fair. The most widely accepted claim is that the waffle-style ice cream cone was invented and first sold during the fair. Other claims are more dubious, including the hamburger and hot dog (both traditional German foods), peanut butter, iced tea, and cotton candy. It is more likely, however, that these food items were first introduced to mass audiences and popularized by the fair. A stack of sugar ice cream cones An ice cream cone or cornet is a cone-shaped pastry, usually made of a wafer similar in texture to a waffle, in which ice cream is served, allowing it to be eaten without a bowl or spoon. ...
This article is about the food item. ...
This article contains a trivia section. ...
Peanut butter in a jar. ...
This article is about the drink. ...
“Candyfloss†redirects here. ...
Dr Pepper was first introduced to a national audience at the fair. For the alcoholic cocktail said to taste the same, see Flaming Dr. Pepper. ...
The owners of Doumar's Cones and BBQ in Norfolk, Virginia claim that their uncle, Abe Doumar, sold the first ice cream cones at the St. Louis World's Fair. Image:New Doumars. ...
Motto: Crescas (Latin for, Thou shalt grow. ...
Puffed Wheat cereal was first introduced.
Iced tea had been available for a few years prior to the fair, but it was popularized at the fair.[2] This article is about the drink. ...
Judy Garland movie The Fair inspired the song Meet Me in St. Louis, Louis, which was recorded by many artists including Billy Murray. Both the Fair and the song are focal points of the 1944 Judy Garland movie Meet Me in St. Louis. Meet Me in St. ...
Billy Murray (25 May 1877 - 17 August 1954) was one of the most popular singers in the United States in the early decades of the 20th century. ...
Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10, 1922 - June 22, 1969) was an Academy Award-nominated American film actress and singer, best known for her role as Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz (1939). ...
Meet Me in St. ...
Human zoos Following the Spanish-American War, the United States acquired new territories such as Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, allowing them to "display" some of the native inhabitants. Some of these displays include the Apache and the Igorot, both of which were dubbed as "primitive".[3] Combatants United States Republic of Cuba Philippine Republic Spain Commanders Nelson A. Miles William R. Shafter George Dewey Máximo Gómez Emilio Aguinaldo Patricio Montojo Pascual Cervera Arsenio Linares Ramón Blanco Casualties 3,289 U.S. dead (432 from combat); considerably higher although undetermined Cuban and Filipino casualties...
For other uses, see Apache (disambiguation). ...
Igorot (pronounced ) is the general name for the people of the Cordillera region, in the Philippines island of Luzon. ...
To further illustrate the indignities heaped upon the Philippine people following their eventual loss to the Americans, the United States made the Philippine campaign the centrepoint of the 1904 World's Fair held that year in St. Louis, MI [sic]. In what was enthusiastically termed a "parade of evolutionary progress," visitors could inspect the "primitives" that represented the counterbalance to "Civilisation" justifying Kipling's poem "The White Man's Burden". Pygmies from New Guinea and Africa, who were later displayed in the Primate section of the Bronx Zoo, were paraded next to American Indians such as Apache warrior Geronimo, who sold his autograph. But the main draw was the Philippine exhibit complete with full size replicas of Indigenous living quarters erected to exhibit the inherent backwardness of the Philippine people. The purpose was to highlight both the "civilising" influence of American rule and the economic potential of the island chains' natural resources on the heels of the Philippine-America War. It was, reportedly, the largest specific Aboriginal exhibit displayed in the exposition. As one pleased visitor commented, the human zoo exhibit displayed "the race narrative of odd peoples who mark time while the world advances, and of savages made, by American methods, into civilized workers."[4] This article is about the British author. ...
The white mans burden - a satiric take This advertisement for soap uses the theme of the White Mans Burden, encouraging white people to teach cleanliness to members of other races The White Mans Burden is a poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling. ...
This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
For other uses, see Geronimo (disambiguation). ...
1904 Summer Olympics -
The Fair hosted the 1904 Summer Olympic Games, the first Olympics held in the United States. These games had originally been awarded to Chicago, but when St. Louis threatened to hold a rival international competition, the games were relocated. Nonetheless, the sporting events, spread out over several months, were overshadowed by the Fair. With travel expenses high, many European athletes did not come, nor did modern Olympics founder Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, were held in St. ...
The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, were held in St. ...
His statue at the Centennial Olympic Park, Atlanta. ...
Anglo-Boer War Concession
 Frank Fillis produced what was supposedly "the greatest and most realistic military spectacle known in the history of the world". Different portions of the concession featured a British Army encampment, several South African native villages (including Zulu, Bushmen, Swazi, and Ndebele), and a 15-acre arena in which soldiers paraded, sporting events and horse races were held, and major battles from the Second Boer War were re-enacted twice a day. Battle recreations took 2-3 hours and included several Generals and 600 veteran soldiers from both sides of the war. At the conclusion of the show, the Boer General Christiaan De Wet would escape on horseback by leaping from a height of 35 feet into a pool of water. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Languages Zulu Religions Christian, African Traditional Religion Related ethnic groups Bantu Nguni Basotho Xhosa Swazi Matabele Khoisan The Zulu (South African English and isiZulu: amaZulu) are a South African ethnic group of an estimated 17-22 million people who live mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. ...
|group = Bushmen |image = |poptime = 82,000 |popplace = Botswana (55,000), Namibia (27,000) |rels = San Religion |langs = various Khoisan languages |related = Khoikhoi, Xhosa, Zulu, Griqua }} The Bushmen, San, Basarwa, ǃKung or Khwe are indigenous people of the Kalahari Desert, which spans areas of South Africa, Botswana, Namibia and Angola. ...
There are two versions of Ndebele in South Africa, they both belong to the Nguni group of Bantu Languages. ...
Combatants British Empire Orange Free State South African Republic Commanders Sir Redvers Buller Lord Kitchener Lord Roberts Paul Kruger Louis Botha Koos de la Rey Martinus Steyn Christiaan de Wet Casualties 6,000 - 7,000 (A further ~14,000 from disease) 6,000 - 8,000 (Unknown number from disease) Civilians...
This article is about the Boer people (Boerevolk). ...
Christiaan Rudolf de Wet (7 October 1854 - 5 February 1922) was a Boer general and politician. ...
Admission ranged from 25 cents for bleacher seats to $1.00 for box seats, and admission to the villages was another 25 cents. The concession cost $48,000 to construct, grossed over $630,000, and netted about $113,000 to the Fair -- the highest grossing military concession of the Fair.
Notable visitors Notable attendees included John Phillip Sousa, whose band performed on opening day and several times during the fair; Scott Joplin; and Thomas Edison. President Theodore Roosevelt opened the fair via telegraph, but did not attend personally until after his re-election in November 1904, as he claimed he did not want to use the fair for political purposes. John Philip Sousa John Philip Sousa (November 6, 1854 - March 6, 1932), is probably the most famous marching band conductor (although his band rarely marched) and composer in history. ...
Scott Joplin Scott Joplin (born between June 1867 and January 1868,[1] died April 1, 1917) was an American musician and composer of ragtime music. ...
Edison redirects here. ...
Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ...
Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ...
Ragtime music was popularly featured at the Fair. Scott Joplin wrote "The Cascades" specifically for the fair, inspired by the waterfalls at the Grand Basin. Look up ragtime in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Scott Joplin Scott Joplin (born between June 1867 and January 1868,[1] died April 1, 1917) was an American musician and composer of ragtime music. ...
References Crouse College, a 19th-century Romanesque building which houses the universitys visual arts and music programs Syracuse University (SU) is a private research university located in Syracuse, New York, United States the geographic center of the state, about 250 miles northwest of New York City. ...
See also Ota Benga in 1904, showing his sharpened teeth. ...
Human Zoo (Völkerschau) in Stuttgart (Germany) in 1928 For other uses, see Human zoo (disambiguation). ...
For the park in New York see Forest Park (Queens) McDonnell Planetarium Jewel Box in Forest Park Old Footbridge in Forest Park Forest Park in St. ...
Nickname: Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government - Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area - City 66. ...
University City is a city located in St. ...
The Central West End is a distinct neighborhood in St. ...
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