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Encyclopedia > Louse
Phthiraptera
Light micrograph of Fahrenholzia pinnata
Light micrograph of Fahrenholzia pinnata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Infraclass: Neoptera
Order: Phthiraptera
Haeckel, 1896
Suborders

Anoplura
Rhyncophthirina
Ischnocera
Amblycera Lice (pronounced Lidje) is a district of Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. ... For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ... Orders Subclass Apterygota Archaeognatha (bristletails) Thysanura (silverfish) Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Exopterygota Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Blattodea (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Psocoptera... Orders     Palaeodictyoptera - extinct     Ephemeroptera (mayflies)     Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies)   Infraclass Neoptera     Blattodea (cockroaches)     Mantodea (mantids)     Isoptera (termites)     Zoraptera     Grylloblattodea (rock crawlers)     Dermaptera (earwigs)     Plecoptera (stoneflies)     Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)     Phasmatodea (walking sticks, timemas)     Embioptera (webspinners)     Mantophasmatodea (gladiators)    Superorder Hemipterodea     Psocoptera (booklice, barklice)     Phthiraptera (lice)     Hemiptera (true bugs)     Thysanoptera (thrips)    Superorder... Orders     Blattodea (cockroaches)     Mantodea (mantids)     Isoptera (termites)     Zoraptera     Grylloblattodea     Dermaptera (earwigs)     Plecoptera (stoneflies)     Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)     Phasmatodea (walking sticks, timemas)     Embioptera (webspinners)     Mantophasmatodea (gladiators)    Superorder Hemipterodea     Psocoptera (booklice, barklice)     Phthiraptera (lice)     Hemiptera (true bugs)     Thysanoptera (thrips)    Superorder Endopterygota     Miomoptera - extinct     Megaloptera (alderflies, etc. ... Ernst Haeckel. ... Families Echinophthiriidae (seal lice) Enderleinellidae Haematopinidae (ungulate lice) Hamophthiriidae Hoplopleuridae (armoured lice) Hybothiridae Linognathidae (pale lice) Microthoraciidae Neolinognathidae Pecaroecidae Pedicinidae Pediculidae (body lice) Phthiridae (public lice) Polyplacidae (spiny rat lice) Ratemiidae Sucking lice (Anoplura) have around 500 species and represent the smaller of the two traditional suborders of lice. ... The Ischnocera is a large suborder of lice mostly parasitic on birds but including a large family (the Trichodectidae) parasitic on mammals. ... The Amblycera are a large suborder of lice, parasitic on both birds and mammals. ...

Lice (singular: louse), (order Phthiraptera), also known as fly babies, are an order of over 3,000 species of wingless insects, classified as a disease in humans. They are obligate ectoparasites of every mammalian and avian order, with the notable exceptions of Monotremata (the platypus and the echidnas or spiny anteaters) and Chiroptera (bats). In scientific classification used in biology, the order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). ... For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ... Orders Subclass Apterygota Archaeognatha (bristletails) Thysanura (silverfish) Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Exopterygota Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Blattodea (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Psocoptera... A parasite is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life in or on the living tissue of a host organism and which causes harm to the host without immediately killing it. ... Orders Subclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary... For other meanings of bird, see bird (disambiguation). ... Families Kollikodontidae (extinct) Ornithorhynchidae - Platypus Tachyglossidae - Echidnas Steropodontidae (extinct) Monotremes are mammals that are best known for laying eggs, instead of giving birth to live young like marsupials and placental mammals (Eutheria). ... For other uses, see Platypus (disambiguation). ... An echidna is any of several Australasian monotremes. ... This article is about mammals. ... “Chiroptera” redirects here. ...

Contents

Description

As lice spend their whole life on the host they have developed adaptations which enable them to maintain close contact with the host. These adaptations are reflected in their size (0.5–8 mm), stout legs, and claws which are adapted to cling tightly to hair, fur and feathers, and that they are wingless and dorsoventrally flattened. A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...


Lice feed on skin (epidermal) debris, feather parts, sebaceous secretions and blood. A louse's color varies from pale beige to dark grey; however, if feeding on blood, it may become considerably darker. For other uses, see Skin (disambiguation). ... Two feathers Feathers are one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. ... Schematic view of a hair follicle with sebaceous gland. ... For other uses, see Blood (disambiguation). ...


A louse egg is commonly called a nit. Lice attach their eggs to their host's hair with specialized saliva which results in a bond that is very difficult to separate without specialized products. Living lice eggs tend to be pale white. Dead lice eggs are orangeish. In most birds and reptiles, an egg (Latin ovum) is the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum. ...


Classification

The order has traditionally been divided into two suborders; the sucking lice (Anoplura) and chewing lice (Mallophaga), however, recent classifications suggest that the Mallophaga are paraphyletic and four suborders are now recognised: Families Echinophthiriidae (seal lice) Enderleinellidae Haematopinidae (ungulate lice) Hamophthiriidae Hoplopleuridae (armoured lice) Hybothiridae Linognathidae (pale lice) Microthoraciidae Neolinognathidae Pecaroecidae Pedicinidae Pediculidae (body lice) Phthiridae (public lice) Polyplacidae (spiny rat lice) Ratemiidae Sucking lice (Anoplura) have around 500 species and represent the smaller of the two traditional suborders of lice. ... Chewing lice (Mallophaga) have nearly 3000 species and represent the larger of the two traditional suborders of lice (cf. ... Paraphyletic - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

It has been suggested that the order is contained by the Troctomorpha suborder of Psocoptera. Families Echinophthiriidae (seal lice) Enderleinellidae Haematopinidae (ungulate lice) Hamophthiriidae Hoplopleuridae (armoured lice) Hybothiridae Linognathidae (pale lice) Microthoraciidae Neolinognathidae Pecaroecidae Pedicinidae Pediculidae (body lice) Phthiridae (public lice) Polyplacidae (spiny rat lice) Ratemiidae Sucking lice (Anoplura) have around 500 species and represent the smaller of the two traditional suborders of lice. ... Suction is the creation of a partial vacuum, or region of low pressure. ... Pediculosis is an infestation of lice -- which are parasitic insects -- on the bodies of humans. ... The head louse Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are one of the many varieties of sucking lice (singular louse) specialized to live on different areas of various animals. ... Binomial name (Pallas, 1766) This article is about the animal. ... The Ischnocera is a large suborder of lice mostly parasitic on birds but including a large family (the Trichodectidae) parasitic on mammals. ... The Amblycera are a large suborder of lice, parasitic on both birds and mammals. ... Chewing is the process by which food is torn and/or crushed by teeth. ... The Amblycera are a large suborder of lice, parasitic on both birds and mammals. ... Look up Jumping in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Suborders Trogiomorpha (5 families) Troctomorpha (8 families) Psocomorpha (22 families) Psocoptera are an order of insects that are commonly known as booklice or barklice. ...


Lice and humans

Humans are unique in they host three different kinds of lice: head lice, body lice (which live mainly in clothing), and pubic lice. The DNA differences between head lice and body lice provide corroborating evidence that humans started wearing clothes approximately 72,000 years ago [1]. Look up Head louse in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) is a louse which infests humans. ... Binomial name (L., 1758, originally Pediculus pubis) The pubic or crab louse (Phthirus pubis) is a parasitic insect which spends its entire life on human hair and feeds exclusively on blood. ...


Recent DNA evidence suggests that pubic lice spread to the ancestors of humans approximately 3.3 million years ago from the ancestors of gorillas by sharing the same bed or other communal areas with them, and are more closely related to lice endemic to gorillas than to other lice species infesting humans [2]. The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a nucleic acid molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. ...


Gallery

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See Also

Pest Look up Pest in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Pest may refer to: A pest, an animal (usually an insect), or sometimes a plant (weed) with characteristics that are injurious or harmful to humans. ...


External links

Look up louse in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 151 languages. ...

References

  1. ^ John Travis (2003-08-23). The naked truth? Lice hint at a recent origin of clothing 164 (8): 118. Science News.
  2. ^ David L Reed, Jessica E Light, Julie M Allen and Jeremy J Kirchman. Pair of lice lost or parasites regained: the evolutionary history of anthropoid primate lice. BMC Biology 5: 7. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-5-7.

  Results from FactBites:
 
MSN Encarta - Louse (299 words)
The wood louse (also known as sow bug), a crustacean, is so called because of its superficial resemblance to lice.
The crab louse is classified as Phthirus pubis, the body louse as Pediculus humanus humanus, the head louse as Pediculus humanus captitis, and the hog louse as Haematopinus suis.
The horse louse is classified as Haematopinus asini and the cattle lice as Haematopinus eurysternus and Linognathus vituli.
Human Head Louse: Introduction to lice with photomicrographs. (921 words)
Louse is a term applied to an insect which fulfils two conditions.
The oil suffocates the growing louse by sealing the air vents in the operculum of the egg casing.
The female louse attaches the egg close to the scalp with a transparent quick-setting glue.
  More results at FactBites »

 

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