| Loving v. Virginia |
Supreme Court of the United States | Argued April 10, 1967
Decided June 12, 1967
| | | Full case name: | Richard Perry Loving, Mildred Jeter Loving v. Virginia | | | | Citations: | 388 U.S. 1; 87 S. Ct. 1817; 18 L. Ed. 2d 1010; 1967 U.S. LEXIS 1082 | | | | Prior history: | Defendants convicted, Caroline County Circuit Court, 1-6-59; motion to vacate judgment denied, Caroline County Circuit Court, 1-22-65; affirmed in part, reversed and remanded, 147 S. E. 2d 78 (Va. 1966) | | | | Holding | | The Court declared Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute, the "Racial Integrity Act of 1924", unconstitutional, thereby ending all race-based legal restriction on marriage in the United States. | | Court membership | Chief Justice: Earl Warren
Associate Justices: Hugo Black, William O. Douglas, Tom C. Clark, John Marshall Harlan II, William J. Brennan, Potter Stewart, Byron White, Abe Fortas | | Case opinions | Majority by: Warren
Joined by: unanimous
Concurrence by: Stewart
| | Laws applied | | U.S. Const. amend. XIV; Va. Code ยงยง 20-58, 20-59 | Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court declared Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute, the "Racial Integrity Act of 1924", unconstitutional, thereby ending all race-based legal restriction on marriage in the United States. Image File history File links Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court. ...
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the judicial branch of the United States federal government. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Area Ranked 35th - Total 42,793 sq mi (110,862 km²) - Width 200 miles (320 km) - Length 430 miles (690 km) - % water 7. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with interracial marriage. ...
The Racial Integrity Act of 1924 of Virginia, United States, was a law that required the racial makeup of persons to be recorded at birth, and prevented marriage between white persons and non-white persons. ...
For other senses of this word, see race (disambiguation). ...
A marriage is a relationship between or among individuals, usually recognized by civil authority and/or bound by the religious beliefs of the participants. ...
Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was a California district attorney of Alameda County, the 30th Governor of California, and the 14th Chief Justice of the United States (from 1953 to 1969). ...
Hugo Black Hugo LaFayette Black (February 27, 1886 – September 25, 1971) was a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1937 - 1971). ...
William Orville Douglas (October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980) was a United States Supreme Court Associate Justice. ...
Tom Campbell Clark (September 23, 1899 in Dallas, Texas –June 13, 1977) was United States Attorney General from 1945-1949 and an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1949-1967). ...
John Marshall Harlan II (May 20, 1899 – December 29, 1971) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. ...
William J. Brennan, official portrait, 1976. ...
Justice Potter Stewart Potter Stewart (January 23, 1915 – December 7, 1985) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. ...
Byron White, official portrait. ...
Abe Fortas Abraham Fortas (June 19, 1910 - April 5, 1982) was a U.S. Supreme Court associate justice. ...
The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is one of the post-Civil War amendments and includes the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses. ...
1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...
The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States...
Official language(s) English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Area Ranked 35th - Total 42,793 sq mi (110,862 km²) - Width 200 miles (320 km) - Length 430 miles (690 km) - % water 7. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with interracial marriage. ...
The Racial Integrity Act of 1924 of Virginia, United States, was a law that required the racial makeup of persons to be recorded at birth, and prevented marriage between white persons and non-white persons. ...
For other senses of this word, see race (disambiguation). ...
A marriage is a relationship between or among individuals, usually recognized by civil authority and/or bound by the religious beliefs of the participants. ...
Facts The plaintiffs, Mildred Jeter (a black woman) and Richard Perry Loving (a white man), were residents of the Commonwealth of Virginia who had been married in June of 1958 in the District of Columbia, having left Virginia to evade a state law banning marriages between persons of different races. Upon their return to Virginia, they were charged with violation of the ban, pled guilty, and were sentenced to one year in prison, with the sentence suspended for 25 years on condition that the couple leave the state of Virginia. The trial judge in the case, Leon Bazile, echoing Johann Friedrich Blumenbach's 18th-century interpretation of race, proclaimed that A plaintiff, also known as a claimant or complainant, is the party who initiates a lawsuit (also known as an action) before a court. ...
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Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (May 11, 1752 - January 22, 1840) was a German physiologist and anthropologist. ...
- Almighty God created the races white, black, yellow, malay and red, and he placed them on separate continents. And but for the interference with his arrangement there would be no cause for such marriages. The fact that he separated the races shows that he did not intend for the races to mix.
The Lovings moved to the District of Columbia, and in 1963 began a series of lawsuits seeking to overcome their conviction on Fourteenth Amendment grounds, ultimately reaching the Supreme Court. 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ...
The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is one of the post-Civil War amendments and includes the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses. ...
Decision The Supreme Court overturned the convictions in a unanimous decision, dismissing the Commonwealth of Virginia's argument that a law forbidding both white and black persons from marrying persons of another race, and providing identical penalties to white and black violators, could not be construed as racially discriminatory. In its decision, the court wrote - Marriage is one of the "basic civil rights of man," fundamental to our very existence and survival.... To deny this fundamental freedom on so unsupportable a basis as the racial classifications embodied in these statutes, classifications so directly subversive of the principle of equality at the heart of the Fourteenth Amendment, is surely to deprive all the State's citizens of liberty without due process of law. The Fourteenth Amendment requires that the freedom of choice to marry not be restricted by invidious racial discriminations. Under our Constitution, the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual and cannot be infringed by the State.
Despite this ruling, such laws rested unenforced in several states until 2000 when Alabama became the last state to remove its law against mixed-race marriage. This article is about the year 2000. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Montgomery Largest city Birmingham Area Ranked 30th - Total 52,423 sq mi (135,775 km²) - Width 190 miles (306 km) - Length 330 miles (531 km) - % water 3. ...
Movie The story of the Lovings was turned into a movie in 1996 titled Mr. & Mrs. Loving, starring Lela Rochon, Timothy Hutton, and Ruby Dee. The screenplay was written and directed by Richard Friedenberg. Lela Rochon (born on 17 April 1964 in Los Angeles, California, USA) is an American actress best known for her role as Robin Stokes in the movie Waiting to Exhale. ...
Timothy Hutton (born August 16, 1960) is an American actor. ...
Ruby Dee (born October 27, 1924) is an African-American actress and activist. ...
Trivia Richard Loving died in an automobile accident in 1975. 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ...
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