The Duchy of Lower Lorraine or Lower Lotharingia encompassed part of modern-day Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany west of the Rhine, and a part of northern France (east of the Schelde). It was created out of the former Carolingian kingdom of Lotharingia. The kingdom was divided for much of the later ninth century, reunited under the French king Charles the Simple in 910. From there it formed a duchy which eventually declared homage to the German king Henry the Fowler (c.923), an act which the French monarchs were helpless to revert and Lotharingia (or Lorraine) becomes a German stem duchy. In 959, the Duke Bruno divided the duchy into two margraviates (or vice-duchies): Lower and Upper Lorraine (or Lower and Upper Lotharingia). The duchies took very separate paths therafter and were only briefly reunited under Gothelo I from 1033 to 1044. After that, the Lower duchy is quickly marginalised. Upper Lorraine came to be known as simply Lorraine Loreley At 1,320 kilometres (820 miles) and an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second, the Rhine (Dutch Rijn, French Rhin, German Rhein, Italian: Reno, Romansch: Rein, ) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe. ... The Scheldt in Antwerp Length 350 km Elevation of the source 95 m Average discharge 120 m³/s Area watershed 21860 km² Origin France Mouth Westerschelde Basin countries France, Belgium, Netherlands The Scheldt (Dutch: Schelde, French lEscaut) is a 350 km[1] (217 mile) long river that finds its... Also see: France in the Middle Ages. ... Lotharingia (yellow), as established by the Treaty of Verdun, 843, and reduced by the Treaty of Mersen, 870 Lotharingia was a short-lived kingdom in western Europe, the aggregate of territories belonging to Lothair, King of Lotharingia (reigned 855–869), who received it in 855 from his father, Lothair I... (8th century - 9th century - 10th century - other centuries) Events Beowulf might have been written down in this century, though it could also have been in the 8th century Viking attacks on Europe begin Oseberg ship burial The Magyars arrive in what is now Hungary, forcing the Serbs and Bulgars south... Charles the Simple or Charles (September 17, 879 - October 7, 929) was a member of the Carolingian dynasty. ... Events Foundation of the Benedictine monastery of Cluny Chinese Zhou dynasty monarch 懿王 yi4 wang2 is succeeded by 孝王 xiao4 wang2 Hashavarman I succeeds Yasovarman I as ruler of the Khmer empire Gabriel I of Alexandria becomes Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church Garcia I of Leon becomes king Ordono... Heinrich I depicted as The Bamberg Knight Henry I, the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler) (876 - July 2, 936), was Duke of Saxony from 912 and king of the Germans from 919 until his death in 936. ... Events June 15 - Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed, King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy. ... During the Early Middle Ages, the stem duchies formed the major divisions of the eastern Carolingian kingdom (roughly the region of modern Germany). ... Events October 1 - Edwy, king of England dies and is succeeded by his brother Edgar. ... Brun or Bruno I (925-965) was Archbishop of Cologne from 953 until his death, and Duke of Lotharingia from 954. ... The Duchy of Lorraine was an independent state for most of the period of time between 843 to 1739. ... Gothelo or Gozelo (c. ... Events Benedict IX becomes pope. ... Events King Anawrahta seizes the throne of Pagan, Myanmar Births Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, known as The Cid (d. ...

The ducal title was granted to the count of Bouillon in 1087 and, in 1106, to the count of Leuven. The duke of Brabant inherited the duchy in 1190, but the duchy of lost its territorial authority at the Diet of Schwäbisch Hall. The remnant imperial fief was later called the Duchy of Lothier (or Lothryk). The Duchy of Lower Lorraine encompassed part of modern-day Belgium and the Netherlands. ... The Duchy of Lower Lorraine encompassed part of modern-day Belgium and the Netherlands. ... Events May 9 - The remains of Saint Nicholas were brought to Bari. ... Events September 28 - Henry I of England defeats his older brother Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy, at the Battle of Tinchebrai, and imprisons him in Cardiff Castle; Edgar Atheling and William Clito are also taken prisoner. ... The title Duke of Brabant was created when the counts of Leuven acquired the duchy of Lower Lorraine after the death of Godfrey of Bouillon. ... Coat of arms of Dukes of Brabant The Duchy of Brabant was formally erected in 1183/1184. ... Events March 16 - Massacre and mass-suicide of the Jews of York, England prompted by Crusaders and Richard Malebys kill 150-500 Jews in Cliffords Tower June 10 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowned in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem. ... Schwäbisch Hall (or Hall for short) is a town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg; it is the capital of the district of Schwäbisch Hall. ... The Duchy of Lower Lorraine encompassed part of modern-day Belgium and the Netherlands. ...

Origins of Lower Lorraine

The region of Lower-Lorraine was inhabited originally by Celtic-German people called the Belgae. In Roman times, the Belgae lost territory to the Batavians who settled in the northern region of the river Rhine and the Chasuarii and Usipi who settled along the eastern bank of the Rhine. Both maintained as vassals of the Roman Empire a loose affiliation to the Roman Province Galliae. The Belgae were a group of nations or tribes living in north-eastern Gaul, on the west bank of the Rhine, in the 1st century BC, and later also attested in Britain. ... The Roman Empire was a phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... The Belgae were a group of nations or tribes living in north-eastern Gaul, on the west bank of the Rhine, in the 1st century BC, and later also attested in Britain. ... The Batavii (or Batavi, Batavians) were a Germanic, or possibly Celtic tribe reported by Julius Caesar and Tacitus to have lived around the Rhine delta, in the area which is currently the Netherlands. ... Loreley At 1,320 kilometres (820 miles) and an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second, the Rhine (Dutch Rijn, French Rhin, German Rhein, Italian: Reno, Romansch: Rein, ) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe. ... The Chasuarii were a Germanic tribe mentioned by Tacitus in the Germania. ... The Usipi were a German tribe whose territory lay on the right bank of the Rhine (and thus outside the Roman Empire, in Germania), probably between the valleys of the Lahn and Sieg. ... A vassal, in European medieval feudalism terminology, is one who through a commendation ceremony (composed of homage and fealty) enters into mutual obligations with a lord, usually military conscription and mutual protection, in exchange for a fief. ... The Roman Empire was a phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... Map of the Roman Empire, with the provinces, after 120. ...

Territories of Lower Lorraine

After the territorial integrity of the duchy was shattered, many fiefdoms grew out of the territory its dukes once ruled.

• Bishopric of Liège
• Bishopric of Utrecht
• Bishopric of Cambrai
• Duchy of Cleves
• Duchy of Jülich
• Duchy of Limburg
• Landgraviate of Brabant, later Duchy
• Landgraviate of Guelders, later Duchy
• Margraviate of Antwerp, later attached to Brabant
• Margraviate of Ename, later called Imperial Flanders or the county of Aalst
• Margraviate of Namur
• County of Hainault, including the margraviat of Valenciennes and the county of Bergen
• County of Holland
• County of Leuven and Brussels, later attached to Brabant
• County of Berg
• County of Bouillon