A map of the Imperial Circles as at the beginning of the 16th century. The Lower Saxon Circle is shown in red.

The Lower Saxon Circle (German: Niedersächsischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 610 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (727 × 714 pixel, file size: 67 KB, MIME type: image/png) I am the author of this image file. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 610 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (727 × 714 pixel, file size: 67 KB, MIME type: image/png) I am the author of this image file. ... A map of the Imperial Circles as at the beginning of the 16th century. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... A map of the Imperial Circles as at the beginning of the 16th century. ... This article is about the medieval empire. ...

An unusual aspect of this circle was that at various times the kings of Denmark, Great Britain, and Sweden were all princes of a number of the member states. Louis XIV, king of France and Navarre (Painting by Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1701). ... The term prince, from the Latin root princeps, is used for a member of the highest ranks of the aristocracy or the nobility. ...

Composition

The circle was made up of the following states:

A principality is a monarchical feudatory or sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a Monarch with the title of prince or princess (a synonym is princedom) or (in the widest sense) a Monarch with another title within the generic use of the term prince. ... Events 10 Downing Street becomes the official residence of the United Kingdoms Prime Minister when Robert Walpole moves in. ... The Archbishopric of Bremen was an ecclesiastical state in the Holy Roman Empire. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop heading a diocese of particular importance due to either its size, history, or both, called an archdiocese. ... The Duchy of Bremen was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, with territory stretching from the north of the city of Bremen (although not including the city itself) to the coast of the North Sea. ... 1648 (MDCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... // Events January 23 - The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire April 25 - Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe June 10 - Battle of Glen Shiel Prussia conducts Europes first systematic census Miners in Falun, Sweden find an apparently petrified body of Fet-Mats Israelsson in an unused... This article is about the city in Germany. ... The term Imperial City can refer to several cities: An Imperial Free City of the Holy Roman Empire, a city formally responsible to the emperor only Imperial City (Beijing), usually refers to the central section of the city of Bejing that is known for its collections of gardens, palaces, shrines... Arms of Brunswick-Lüneburg Lüneburg-Celle was a dynastic division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire. ... A duchy is a territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. ... The Principality of Grubenhagen was a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire. ... Brunswick-Lüneburg was an historical state within the Holy Roman Empire. ... // Events Construction begins on Blenheim Palace, in Oxfordshire, England. ... Brunswick-Lüneburg was an historical state within the Holy Roman Empire. ... Brunswick-Lüneburg was an historical state within the Holy Roman Empire. ... Location of the Duchy of Brunswick within the German Empire Capital Braunschweig Government Monarchy Duke  - 1813-1815 Frederick William  - 1913-1918 Ernest Augustus History  - Restoration 1815  - Abdication 1918 Area  - 1910 3,672 km² Population  - 1910 est. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... Coordinates: Time zone: CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country: Germany State: Lower Saxony District: Goslar City subdivisions: 12 districts Lord Mayor: Henning Binnewies (SPD) Basic Statistics Area: 92. ... The Bishopric of Halberstadt was a Roman Catholic diocese from 804 until 1648 and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from the late Middle Ages until around 1800. ... In some Christian churches, the diocese is an administrative territorial unit governed by a bishop, sometimes also referred to as a bishopric or episcopal see, though more often the term episcopal see means the office held by the bishop. ... For the similarly spelled Brandenberg, see Brandenberg (Austria) or Brandenburg (disambiguation) Location Coordinates , , Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DE4 Capital Potsdam Minister-President Matthias Platzeck (SPD) Governing parties SPD / CDU Votes in Bundesrat 4 (of 69) Basic statistics Area  29,479 km² (11,382... 1648 (MDCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Hamburg (disambiguation). ... The Bishopric of Hildesheim is a Roman Catholic diocese in Lower Saxony; it was founded in 815. ... Holstein (Hol-shtayn) (Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) is the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, between the rivers Elbe and Eider. ... Holstein-Gottorp or Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp was a duchy consisting of areas within Schleswig and Holstein, in present-day Denmark and Germany. ... The title of this article contains the character ü. Where it is unavailable or not desired, the name may be represented as Luebeck. ... The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire lying around Magdeburg along the Elbe River. ... The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was a Roman Catholic archdiocese from 968 to 1545, and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from the 12th century until 1806. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... The name Mecklenburg derives from a castle named Mikilenburg (Old German: big castle), located between the cities of Schwerin and Wismar. ... 1621 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Jan. ... Events January 18 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. ... The name Mecklenburg derives from a castle named Mikilenburg (Old German: big castle), located between the cities of Schwerin and Wismar. ... Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a Duchy (from 1815 a Grand Duchy) in northeastern Germany, formed by a partition of the Duchy of Mecklenburg. ... Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a duchy in northern Germany, roughly consisting of the present day district of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (the historical Stargarder Land), bordering areas of modern-day Brandenburg with the town of Fürstenberg and the area around Ratzeburg in modern Schleswig-Holstein. ... Mühlhausen is a city in the federal state Thuringia, Germany. ... Roland statue in Nordhausen Twinning The city is twinned with Bet Shemesh in Israel Charleville-Mézières in France Bochum Ostrów Wielkopolski in Poland Nordhausen is a city of about 45,000 people at the southern border of the Harz mountains, in the state of Thuringia, Germany. ... Capital Rantzau Government Principality Historical era Middle Ages  - Established 1649  - Acquired by Denmark 9 April 1726  - Mediatised to Prussia 1864 The County of Rantzau (German: ) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. ... A county is generally a sub-unit of regional self-government within a sovereign jurisdiction. ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... Ratzeburg is a town and Catholic episcopal see in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. ... Coat of Arms of Lauenburg The Duchy of Lauenburg, also known as Saxe-Lauenburg was a medieval Duchy (Reichsfreiheit) that existed from 1296 in the extreme southeast region of Schleswig-Holstein with its territorial center in the modern district of Lauenburg. ... , Capital Schwerin Government Principality Historical era Middle Ages  - Established 1161  - Partitioned to Schwerin     and Sch-Wittenburg   1279  - Partitioned to create     Sch-Boizenburg   1323  - Inherited Tecklenburg 1328  - Sch-Schwerin comital line     extinct   1344  - Sch-Wburg-Bburg extinct 1349  - Comital line extinct; sold     to Mecklenburg-Schwerin   1358 Capital Schwerin Government...

Sources

The list of states making up the Lower Saxon Circle is based on that in the German Wikipedia article Niedersächsischer Reichskreis.

v • d • e Holy Roman Empire – Lower Saxon Circle (1500–1806) Ecclesiastical princes Bremen* | Halberstadt* | Hildesheim | Lübeck | Magdeburg* | Ratzeburg (until 1701) | Schwerin* Secular princes Bremen† | Brunswick: Blankenburg (until 1731), Calenberg‡, Celle, Grubenhagen‡, Lüneburg‡, Wolfenbüttel | Hanover (from 1708)| Holstein: Glückstadt, Gottorp | Mecklenburg: Güstrow (until 1695), Schwerin, Strelitz | Rantzau (until 1734) | Regenstein | Saxe-Lauenburg‡ Imperial cities Bremen | Goslar | Hamburg | Lübeck | Mühlhausen | Nordhausen * until 1648     † from 1648     ‡ until 1708

v • d • e Circles of the Holy Roman Empire after the Imperial Reform Created in 1500 Bavarian Circle · Franconian Circle · (Lower Rhenish) Westphalian Circle · Lower Saxon Circle · Swabian Circle · Upper Rhenish Circle Created in 1512 Austrian Circle · Burgundian Circle · Electoral Rhenish Circle · Upper Saxon Circle