A Lieutenant Governor or Lieutenant-Governor is a government official who is the subordinate or deputy of a Governor or Governor-General. In India this position is slightly different. A governor is also a device that regulates the speed of a machine. ... Governor-General (or Governor General) is a term used both historically and currently to designate the appointed representative of a head of state or their government for a particular territory, historically in a colonial context, but no longer necessarily in that form. ...

Australia

In Australia, the Lieutenant Governor is the subordinate of the Governor of a state. The Lieutenant Governor serves as Administrator, or acting Governor, in case the Governor becomes ill or disabled. In many states, this role is played by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The state Lieutenant Governors have no powers but stand ready to take up the Governor's role. An Administrator in Commonwealth constitutional practice is a person who, while acting in a gubernatorial capacity, is not accorded a gubernatorial title. ...

While Australia was a collection of colonies of Britain, lieutenant-governors ran Australian colonies that were initially subordinate to the colony of New South Wales, such as Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) or the Bay of Islands (New Zealand). In politics and in history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a geographically-distant state (or city, in ancient times). ... Van Diemens Land was the original name used by Europeans for Tasmania, an island state of Australia. ... Motto: Ubertas et Fidelitas (Fertility and Faithfulness) Nickname: The Apple Isle Other Australian states and territories Capital Hobart Government Governor Premier Const. ... Russell, Bay of Islands The Bay of Islands is an area in the Northland region of the North Island of New Zealand. ...

Canada

Traditionally, the Governor General of Canada meets with the provincial lieutenant-governors shortly after his or her installation. This was the case when Michaëlle Jean and her spouse Jean-Daniel Lafond met with most of them on 28 September 2005.

In Canada, the Lieutenant-Governor (typically with a hyphen^[1]) is the Queen's, or Crown, representative in a province, much as the Governor General is her representative at the national level. The lieutenant-governor is therefore the province's vice-regal representative, but has little or no executive role. The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneur général or Gouverneure générale) is the representative of the Canadian monarch. ... Her Excellency the Right Honourable Michaëlle Jean, CC, CMM, COM, CD (born September 6, 1957 in Port-au-Prince, Haiti) is the current Governor General of Canada. ... Jean-Daniel Lafond His Excellency Jean-Daniel Lafond, CC (b. ... September 28 is the 271st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (272nd in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A hyphen ( -, or ‐ ) is a punctuation mark. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth Realm with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch and head of state. ... Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories. ... The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneur général or Gouverneure générale) is the representative of the Canadian monarch. ...

Similar positions in Canada's three territories are termed Commissioners and are representatives of the federal government, however, not the Queen directly. Yukon and Nunavut have had Commissioners since they were founded, but in Northwest Territories the position dates to 1905, when the most populous part of the territory was split away to become the provinces Alberta and Saskatchewan. Before then, the Northwest Territories had a Lieutenant-Governor. Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories. ... Commissioner may be used for a variety of official positions, especially that of a high-ranking official, or that of a senior police officer. ... Motto: none Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Whitehorse Largest city Whitehorse Commissioner Jack Cable Premier Dennis Fentie (Yukon Party) Area 482,443 km² (9th) • Land 474,391 km² • Water 8,052 km² (1. ... Motto: Nunavut Sannginivut (Inuktitut, Nunavut our strength / Our land our strength) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Iqaluit Largest city Iqaluit Commissioner Ann Meekitjuk Hanson Premier Paul Okalik (independent) Area 2,093,190 km² (1st) • Land 1,936,113 km² • Water 157,077 km² (7. ... Motto: None Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Yellowknife Largest city Yellowknife Commissioner Tony Whitford Premier Joe Handley (Consensus government - no party affiliations) Area 1,346,106 km² (3rd) Land 1,183,085 km² Water 163,021 km² (12. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Motto: Fortis et Liber (Strong and free) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong Premier Ralph Klein (PC) Area 661,848 km² (6th) • Land 642,317 km² • Water 19,531 km² (2. ... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (From many peoples, strength) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Lieutenant-Governor Lynda M. Haverstock Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Area 651,036 km² (7th) • Land 591,670 km² • Water 59,366 km² (9. ...

Like similar officials, lieutenant-governors hold considerable reserve powers which are not normally used. One interesting constitutional question is the role of the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec in the hypothetical case of the Quebec National Assembly voting to unilaterally secede. Some have argued that in this situation, the lieutenant-governor not only could refuse Royal Assent, but would be duty bound to do so. A reserve power is a power that may be exercised by the head of state of a country in certain exceptional circumstances. ... The first European explorer of what is now Quebec was Jacques Cartier, who planted a cross either in the Gaspé in 1534 or at Old Fort Bay on the Lower North Shore and sailed into the St. ... The Quebec Parliament Building at night The National Assembly is the legislative body of the Canadian province of Quebec. ... The Quebec sovereignty movement is a political movement for the attainment of sovereignty for Quebec, a province of the Canadian federation. ... The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, or the Sovereigns representative in Commonwealth Realms, completes the process of the enactment of legislation by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ...

Nominally, lieutenant-governors are appointed by the governor general for a usual term of five years. In practice, they are chosen by the Prime Minister of Canada, usually in consultation with their respective provincial Premiers. Lieutenant-governors are often retired "elder statesmen" from the Prime Minister's party. The salary of lieutenant-governors is paid by the federal government rather than by the provincial government. In the past, the lieutenant-governors were a direct representative of the governor general, however they now directly represent the Queen in their respective provinces. The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), the head of the Government of Canada, is usually the leader of the political party with the most seats in the Canadian House of Commons. ... In Canada, a Premier is the head of government of a province. ... The term statesman is a respectful term used to refer to diplomats, politicians, and other notable figures of state. ...

The difference in authority between the Australian state governors and the Canadian provincial lieutenant-governors is significant constitutionally. In Australia, governors are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the the appropriate state premier. Canadian lieutenant-governors are appointed by the governor general, rather than the Queen directly, on the advice of the prime minister. The Premiers of the Australian states are the heads of the executive governments in the six states of the Commonwealth of Australia. ...

Canadian lieutenant-governorships have been observed to often be used to promote women and minorities into a prominent position. Five of Canada's ten current lieutenant-governors and one of the three territorial commissioners are women. There have been one black (Lincoln Alexander) and several Aboriginal lieutenant-governors. The current Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec uses a wheelchair. The current Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia is Jewish. The current Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta is a Chinese-Canadian, as was the Hon. David Lam in British Columbia (Lieutenant-Governor from 1988 to 1995). The definition of a minority group can vary, depending on specific context, but generally refers to either a sub-group that does not form either a majority or a plurality of the total population, or a group that, while not necessarily a numerical minority, is disadvantaged or otherwise has less... The term Black Canadian refers to Canadian citizens who are of Caribbean or African descent. ... --70. ... Aboriginal peoples in Canada are indigenous peoples recognized in the Canadian Constitution Act, 1982 as the Indians (First Nations), Métis, and Inuit. ... The first European explorer of what is now Quebec was Jacques Cartier, who planted a cross either in the Gaspé in 1534 or at Old Fort Bay on the Lower North Shore and sailed into the St. ... Wheelchair seating in a theater A lightweight manual wheelchair A wheelchair is a complex medical device used by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible due to illness or disability and incorporates posturally supportive seating, including pressure cushions in many cases. ... | TotalArea = 55,283 | LandArea = 53,338 | WaterArea = 1,946 | PercentWater = 3. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... A Chinese Canadian (Chinese:華裔加拿大人,加拿大華人) is a person of Chinese descent or origin who was born in or immigrated to Canada. ... The Honourable David See-Chai Lam (林思齐, pinyin: Lín Sīqí) (born September 2, 1923) was lieutenant governor of British Columbia from 1988 to 1995. ...

See lieutenant-governors:

• Alberta
• British Columbia
• Manitoba
• New Brunswick
• Newfoundland and Labrador
• Nova Scotia
• Ontario
• Prince Edward Island
• Quebec
• Saskatchewan
• Northwest Territories (formerly)

This is a list of the lieutenant-governors of Alberta, Canada, since its establishment in 1905. ... Categories: Lieutenant Governors of British Columbia | Lists of office-holders ... This is a historical list of the lieutenant governors of Manitoba, a province of Canada. ... Lieutenant-Governors of New Brunswick prior to Confederation Lieutenant-Governors of New Brunswick post-Confederation Categories: Lieutenant Governors of New Brunswick ... This is a list of viceroys for the colony, dominion and province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... British Governors of Nova Scotia from 1710 to Confederation The flag of the Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia Lieutenant-Governors of Nova Scotia post-Confederation Categories: Nova Scotia | Lieutenant Governors of Nova Scotia ... The flag of the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario This is a list of Lieutenant Governors of the Canadian province of Ontario. ... This is a list of viceroys for Prince Edward Island (which was known as until 1799). ... This is a list of Lieutenant Governors of the Canadian province of Quebec. ... This is a list of the lieutenant-governors of Saskatchewan, Canada, since its establishment in 1905. ... This a list of the lieutenant-governors of the Northwest Territories. ...

India

In India, a Lieutenant governor is in charge of a Union Territory. He is given almost the same powers chief ministers have over their states. However the rank is given just to the union territories of Chandigarh, Delhi, Pondicherry and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Lt. Gov hold the same rank as a governor of a state in the list of precedence. ... A Chief Minister is the elected Head of Government of a state of India, a territory of Australia or a British overseas territory that has attained self-government. ... Chandigarh is a city in India that serves as the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. ... The National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) is a special Union Territory of India. ... Pondicherry is a Union Territory of India. ... Map of Andaman and Nicobar Islands with an extra detailed area around Port Blair The Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a union territory of India. ...

The other territories have an administrator appointed, who is an IAS officer. The Indian Administrative Service, also called the Steel frame of India, was born out of the need for having a strong administrative network which can be relied upon by the executive arm of the Government for implementing its policies and decisions effectively. ...

New Zealand

The only person to have held the rank of Lieutenant Governor of New Zealand was Captain William Hobson, RN from 1839 - 1841, during which time the New Zealand colony was a dependency of the colony of New South Wales, governed at that time by Sir George Gipps. When New Zealand was designated a crown colony in 1841, Hobson was raised to the rank of Governor, which he held until his death the following year. William Hobson (September 26, 1792 _ September 10, New Zealand and co-author of the Treaty of Waitangi. ... Sir George Gipps (1791 - 28 February 1847) was Governor of the colony of New South Wales, Australia, for eight years, between 1838 and 1846. ...

Channel Islands and Isle of Man

In the British Crown Dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, the Lieutenant Governor is the Queen's representative, but the post is largely ceremonial, with executive power remaining with each Island's elected administration. In the Isle of Man, the Lieutenant Governor was until 1980 the presiding officer of the Legislative Council and of Tynwald Court (the Legislative Council and the House of Keys in joint session), but both roles have been transferred to the President of Tynwald. Now, the Lieutenant Governor only presides once a year on Tynwald Day. On the 19th October 2005 Tynwald approved proposals to change the title of the Lieutenant Governor to Crown Commissioner or Barrantagh y Chrooin as he/she will be known in Manx Gaelic. This Bill must now go before the Lord of Mann Elizabeth II for Royal Assent before it becomes law.[2] Crown dependencies are possessions of the British Crown, as opposed to overseas territories or colonies. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... The Legislative Council of the Isle of Man is the upper Branch of Tynwald, the Manx legislature. ... The Tynwald is the bicameral legislature of the Isle of Man. ... The House of Keys is the directly elected lower Branch of Tynwald the Parliament of the Isle of Man, the other of the two Branches being the Legislative Council. ... Tynwald Day is the national holiday of the Isle of Man, usually occurring on 5 July. ... Crown Commissioner (or Barrantagh y Chrooin in Manx Gaelic) is a relatively new title which may replace the title of Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man. ... Barrantagh y Chrooin is Manx Gaelic for Lieutenant Governor. ... Manx (Gaelg or Gailck), also known as Manx Gaelic, is a Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man. ... For Rulers before this see: List of Kings of the Isle of Man and the Isles Norse Rule: Godfred V of the Isle of Man (1164) Ragnald of the Isle of Man (1164) Godfred V of the Isle of Man (1164-1187) Ragnald of the Isle of Man (1187-1229... Elizabeth II in an official portrait as Queen of Canada (on the occasion of her Golden Jubilee in 2002, wearing the Sovereigns badges of the Order of Canada and the Order of Military Merit) Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary) (born 21 April 1926), styled HM The... The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, or the Sovereigns representative in Commonwealth Realms, completes the process of the enactment of legislation by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ...

See also List of Lieutenant Governors of the Isle of Man, List of Lieutenant Governors of Jersey, List of Lieutenant Governors of Guernsey This is a list of Lieutenant Governors of the Isle of Man: Henry Hope (1773-1775) Richard Dawson (1775-1790) Alexander Shaw (1790-1804) Henry Murray (1804-1805) Cornelius Smelt (1805-1832) John Ready (1832-1845) Charles Hope (1845-1860) Mark Hildesley Quayle (1860) acting Francis Stanisby Connat-Pigott (1860...

United States

In the United States, the office of Lieutenant Governor is the second-highest executive office in a state and is nominally subordinate to the Governor. The procedure for election of Lieutenant Governor varies from state to state with 24 states having the Governor and Lieutenant Governor elected as running mates on a joint ticket (for example in New York, Maryland and Kansas), while in 18 states, the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor run separately, sometimes in different election cycles. The latter can cause the Governor and Lieutenant Governor to be from different parties and bitter political rivals (such as is often the case in California and Virginia). A U.S. state is any one of the fifty states (four of which officially favor the term commonwealth) which, together with the District of Columbia and Palmyra Atoll (an uninhabited incorporated unorganized territory), form the United States of America. ... A governor is also a device that regulates the speed of a machine. ... A running mate is a person running for a subordinate position on a joint ticket during an election. ... State nickname: The Empire State Official languages None. ... State nickname: Old Line State; Free State Official languages None Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Governor Robert L. Ehrlich (R) Senators Paul Sarbanes (D) Barbara Mikulski (D) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 42nd 32,160 km² 21 Population  - Total (2000)  - Density Ranked 19th 5,296,486 165/km² Admission into Union... State nickname: The Sunflower State Official languages None Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Governor Kathleen Sebelius (D) Senators Sam Brownback (R) Pat Roberts (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 15th 82,277 mi²; 213,096 km² 0. ... State nickname: The Golden State Official languages English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (R) Senators Dianne Feinstein (D) Barbara Boxer (D) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 3rd 410,000 km² 4. ... State nickname: Old Dominion Official languages English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Governor Mark R. Warner (D) Tim Kaine (D-Governor Elect) Senators John Warner (R) George Allen (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 35th 110,862 km² 7. ...

In the U.S. the main duty of the Lieutenant Governor is to act as Governor should the Governor be temporarily absent from the office. In addition, the Lieutenant Governor generally succeeds a Governor who dies or resigns. In most states, the Lieutenant Governor then becomes Governor, with the title and its associated salary, office, and privileges. In a few states, like Massachusetts, the Lieutenant Governor instead becomes "Acting Governor" until the next election. State nickname: Bay State Official languages English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Governor Mitt Romney (R) Senators Edward Kennedy (D) John Kerry (D) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 44th 27,360 km² 25. ...

Other than this primary constitutional duty, most state constitutions do not prescribe the duties of the Lieutenant Governor in detail.

• In a few states such as Hawaii and Utah, the position of Lieutenant Governor is equivalent to that of Secretary of State.
• In some states the Lieutenant Governor is the presiding officer of the upper house of the legislature. In the states of Mississippi and Texas, the Lieutenant Governor, elected separately from the Governor, presides over the State Senate, and by convention and legislative rule has a great deal more influence on legislation than the Governor. Thus, when a Lieutenant Governor of Texas becomes Governor, they assume a higher office, but lose some of their previous authority.

In Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Tennessee and West Virginia the President of the state Senate assumes the office of Governor upon a vacancy. In November 2005, New Jersey voters approved a constitutional amendment to create the office of Lieutenant Governor. The office will be officially enacted following the 2009 general election. Even as the West Virginia Constitution establishes no such office, signage in the State Senate, the legislative guide, and the official website of the West Virginia Legislature style the Senate President as Lieutenant Governor. In Tennessee, the leader of the Senate's full title is the Lieutenant Governor- Speaker of the Senate. John S. Wilder was elected to that post in 1971, which he still holds. As of 2005, he is both the longest-serving and oldest Lieutenant Governor in the United States. State nickname: The Aloha State Official languages Hawaiian and English Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Governor Linda Lingle (R) Senators Daniel Inouye (D) Daniel Akaka (D) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 43rd 28,337 km² 41. ... Utah is one of the Four Corners states, and is bordered by: Idaho (at 42°N) and Wyoming (at 41°N and 111°W) in the north, by Colorado (at 109°W) in the east, at a single point by New Mexico to the southeast (at the Four Corners Monument... In several countries, Secretary of State is a senior government position. ... State nickname: Magnolia State Official languages English Capital Jackson Largest city Jackson Governor Haley Barbour (R) Senators Thad Cochran (R) Trent Lott (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 32nd 125,546 km² 3 Population  - Total (2000)  - Density Ranked 31st 2,697,243 23. ... ... Lieutenant Governor of Texas is the second-highest executive office in state government. ... State nickname: The Pine Tree State Official languages None Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Governor John Baldacci (D) Senators Olympia Snowe (R) Susan Collins (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 39th 86,542 km² 13. ... State nickname: Granite State, Mother of Rivers, White Mountain State, Switzerland of America [1] Official languages English Capital Concord Largest city Manchester Governor John Lynch (D) Senators Judd Gregg (R) John Sununu (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 46th 24,239 km² 3. ... State nickname: The Garden State Official languages None defined Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Governor Richard Codey (D) Acting, Outgoing Jon Corzine (D) (Governor-Elect) Senators Jon Corzine (D) (Outgoing) Bob Menendez (D) (named as Corzines replacement) Frank Lautenberg (D) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 47th 22,608 km² 14. ... State nickname: Volunteer State Other U.S. States Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Governor Phil Bredesen (D) Senators Bill Frist (R) Lamar Alexander (R) Official language(s) English Area 109,247 km² (36th)  - Land 106,846 km²  - Water 2,400 km² (2. ... State nickname: Mountain State Other U.S. States Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Governor Joe Manchin (D) Senators Robert Byrd (D) Jay Rockefeller (D) Official languages English Area 62,809 km² (41st)  - Land 62,436 km²  - Water 376 km² (0. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... John Shelton Wilder (born 1921) has served as Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee since 1971. ...

Arizona, Oregon and Wyoming also do not have a Lieutenant Governor. In these three states and Puerto Rico the Secretary of State becomes Governor. State nickname: The Grand Canyon State, The Copper State Other U.S. States Capital Phoenix Largest city Phoenix Governor Janet Napolitano (D) Senators John McCain (R) Jon Kyl (R) Official language(s) English Area 295,254 km² (6th)  - Land 294,312 km²  - Water 942 km² (0. ... State nickname: Beaver State Other U.S. States Capital Salem Largest city Portland Governor Ted Kulongoski (D) Senators Ron Wyden (D) Gordon Smith (R) Official language(s) None Area 255,026 km² (9th)  - Land 248,849 km²  - Water 6,177 km² (2. ... State nickname: Equality State Official languages English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Governor Dave Freudenthal (D) Senators Craig Thomas (R) Mike Enzi (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 10th 253,554 km² 0. ...

American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands have the office of Lieutenant Governor.

The office of Lieutenant Governor existed in all of the 17th- and 18th-century British colonies that later became the initial thirteen United States of America. The defining difference between the Lieutenant Governor and the Royal Governor was that the Lieutenant Governor would be required to live in the colony to which he was appointed. Also, the Royal Governor would be paid directly by the crown, where as the Lieutenant Governor would be paid by the colonial treasury.

External link

• National Lieutenant Governors Association

Notes

1. ^  In a Canadian context there are numerous, and not mutually agreeable, notions regarding hyphenation and capitalisation of the position title. The Canadian Style (an official federal government style guide), indicates Lieutenant-Governor (upper case with hyphen; p. 46) though lieutenant-governors (lower case and hyphenated) when pluralised (p. 70). However, The Oxford Guide to Canadian English Usage (p. 244) equivocates somewhat, indicating upper case only when used in and associated with a specific provincial L-G or name, not generally, and varied use. Moreover, a visitation of numerous provincial websites typically indicate Lieutenant Governor (of Province) (upper case and no hyphen), likely due to the primacy of those positions in their respective jurisdictions.

For Wp consistency, the Oxford standard can be used when referring to Canadian lieutenant-governors.