 Luís Carlos Prestes Luís Carlos Prestes (January 3, 1898—March 7, 1990) was the legendary leader of the 1920s tenente rebellion and the Communist opposition to the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas in Brazil. Luiz Carlos Prestes This work is copyrighted. ...
January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
March 7 is the 66th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (67th in Leap years). ...
1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s Years: 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 Referred to as the Roaring 20s. ...
Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler were two of the 20th centurys most notorious dictators. ...
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas ( April 19, 1883 - August 24, 1954) was the president of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1950 to his suicide in 1954. ...
Known as the "cavalier of hope," Prestes led the failed tenente rebellion of 1922, a legendary revolt by the largely middle class officer corps and poor conscripted servicemen against the agrarian oligarchies that dominated Brazil's Old Republic (1889-1930). In many respects a forerunner of Che Guevara, Prestes continued the insurrection, leading the legendary but futile "Long March" through the rural Brazilian interior where it was joined by the broad segments of Brazil's eighty percent peasant majority. On July 5, 1922, a group of young Brazilian army officers known as tenentes (lieutenants), staged several revolts in Brazil against the regime of its time. ...
1922 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
Che Guevara Dr. Ernesto Rafael Guevara de la Serna (June 14, 1928¹ – October 9, 1967), commonly known as Che Guevara, was an Argentine-born Marxist revolutionary and Cuban guerrilla leader. ...
Categories: 1911 Britannica | Historical stubs | Feudalism ...
The tenente revolt heralded the end of the politics of café com leite and coronelismo and the beginning of social reforms. Eight years later, the 1930 Revolution would bring down the Old Republic. Joined by many moderate tenentes, but not Prestes, the Revolution of 1930 installed Getúlio Vargas as provisional president. Although an ex-tenente himself, Vargas was a far more conservative figure. Café com leite (Portuguese: coffee with milk) was a term that referred to the domination of Brazilian politics under the Old Republic (1889-1930) by the landed gentries of São Paulo (dominated by the coffee industry) and Minas Gerais (dominated by dairy interests). ...
Coronelismo was the system of machine politics in Brazil under the Old Republic (1889-1930). ...
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas ( April 19, 1883 - August 24, 1954) was the president of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1950 to his suicide in 1954. ...
As Getúlio Vargas was gaining power in Brazil, Prestes turned to Marxism while in exile in Buenos Aires. In the 1930s he would go on to lead the Aliança Nacional Libertadora (ANL), a leftwing popular front launched in 1935 of socialists, communists, and other progressives led by the Communist Party in opposition to Vargas' crackdown against organized labor. Buenos Aires (Good Winds in Spanish, but more akin to Fair Winds, as in navigation) is the capital of Argentina and its largest city and port, as well as one of the largest cities in South America. ...
Getulio Vargas, then Brazil's anti-Communist president, would thus look to a form of authoritarianism that could suppress his enemies on the left, led by Prestes, through violence and state terror to survive with his coalition intact during the agitated years unfolding after 1934. Thus, Vargas, now allied with the all agrarian oligarchies, with an established network of economic and political power, and the Integralists (a fascist movement with a mass, popular support-base in urban Brazil), forced the Brazilian Congress to respond to the growth of the Communist movement. Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (April 19, 1883 - August 24, 1954) was the president of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1950 to his suicide in 1954. ...
Integralism is a belief that society is an organic unity. ...
Congress branded all leftist opposition as "subversive" under a March 1935 National Security Act that allowed the President to ban the ANL, which was forced-- reluctantly-- to begin an armed insurrection in November. The authoritarian regime, like its fascist counterparts in Europe, responded by imprisoning and torturing Prestes and violently crushing the Communist movement through the state terror of the European police states. By mid-1935 Brazilian politics were drastically destabilized. In July 1935 the government moved against the ANL, with troops raiding offices, confiscating propaganda, seizing records, and jailing leaders. Vested with its new emergency powers, the federal government imposed a crackdown on the entire left with arrests, torture, and summary trials.
Vargas, seeking to co-opt Brazil's fascist movement/paramilitary known as Integralism, led by fascist thug Plínio Salgado, tolerated a tide of anti-Semitism, and might have targeted Prestes' wife to appease his new supporters. Vargas deportated the pregnant, Jewish wife of Luís Carlos Prestes, Olga Benário, to Nazi Germany, where she would die in a concentration camp. Integralism is a belief that society is an organic unity. ...
Plínio Salgado ( January 22, 1895– December 7, 1975) was the founder and leader of the 1930s Brazilian fascist movement known as Integralism. Early life Born in the small traditional town of São Bento do Sapucaí in São Paulo state, he was the son of Col. ...
After Vargas started abandoning fascist-style autocracy in 1945 following his the rapprochement with the World War II Allies in 1943, all political prisoners were released, including Luís Carlos Prestes. Prestes gave an astute assessment of Vargas' politics, commenting, "Getúlio is very flexible. When it was fashionable to be a fascist, he was a fascist. Now that it is fashionable to be democratic, he will be a democrat." Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...
And Prestes was right. Vargas astutely responded to the newly liberal sentiments of a middle class that was no longer fearful of disorder and proletariat discontent by moving away from fascist repression, promising "a new postwar era of liberty" that included amnesty for political prisoners, presidential elections, and the legalization of opposition parties, including the moderated and irreparably weakened Communist Party.
In 1945 Vargas was ousted by the hard-right in the military because of these moves and the Communist movement would be persecuted once again. The Party, however, would make another comeback following Brazil's move toward democratization in the 1950s and early 1960s.
Under the presidency of João Goulart (1961-64)-- a protégé of Getúlio Vargas and another gaúcho from Rio Grande do Sul-- the closeness of the government to the historically disenfranchised working class and peasantry and even to the Communist Party under none other than Luís Carlos Prestes was equally remarkable. Interestingly enough, Goulart appeared to have been co-opting the Communist movement in a manner reminiscent of Vargas' co-optation of the Integralists shortly-- and not coincidentally-- before his ouster by reactionary forces. Once again, Prestes would be imprisoned and the Communist movement would be persecuted. João Goulart João Belchior Marques Goulart ( March 1, 1918— December 6, 1976) was the last left-wing president of Brazil ( 1961– March 31, 1964) until the October 6, 2002 election of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. ...
Rio Grande do Sul is the southernmost state in Brazil. ...
Integralism is a belief that society is an organic unity. ...
The experience, however, of the failed tenente rebellion and Vargas' suppression of the Communist movement left Prestes and some of his comrades skeptical of armed conflict for the rest of his life. His well-cultivated skepticism would later help precipitate the permanent schism between hard-line Maoists and orthodox Marxist-Leninists in the Brazilian Communist Party in the early 1960s. Prestes went on to lead the pro-Soviet faction of the party known as the Brazilian Communist Party or PCB while the Maoists were reintegrated into the Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB. While the Maoists went underground and engaged in urban combat against the military dictatorship after 1964, Prestes' faction would not. Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought (Chinese: 毛澤東思想, pinyin: Máo Zédōng Sīxiǎng), also called Marxism-Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought or Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (MLM), is a variant of communism derived from the teachings of Mao Zedong (1893–1976). ...
Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ...
The history of the Brazilian Communist Party (in Portuguese, Partido Comunista Brasileiro), best known by the abbreviation PCB, started with its foundation on March 25, 1922 in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. ...
Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought (Chinese: 毛澤東思想, pinyin: Máo Zédōng Sīxiǎng), also called Marxism-Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought or Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (MLM), is a variant of communism derived from the teachings of Mao Zedong (1893–1976). ...
The Communist Party of Brazil (in Portuguese Partido Comunista do Brasil), better known by its abreviation PCdoB, is a major political party in Brazil. ...
Augusto Pinochet (sitting) was an army general who led a military coup in Chile in 1973. ...
Prestes later abandoned the PCB without renouncing Marxism. He died in 1990. Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century German philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ...
See also: Communism is a term that can refer to one of several things: a social and economic system, an ideology which supports that system, or a political movement that wishes to implement that system. ...
All people of the world unite, to overthrow American imperialism, to overthrow Soviet revisionism, to overthrow the reactionaries of all nations! (Chinese poster, 1969) The Sino-Soviet split was a conflict between the Soviet Union and the Peoples Republic of China, beginning in the late 1950s, reaching a peak...
João Goulart João Belchior Marques Goulart ( March 1, 1918— December 6, 1976) was the last left-wing president of Brazil ( 1961– March 31, 1964) until the October 6, 2002 election of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. ...
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (April 19, 1883 - August 24, 1954) was the president of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1950 to his suicide in 1954. ...
The history of Brazil begins with the arrival of the first Native Americans, over 8,000 years ago, into the present territory of that nation. ...
Integralism is a belief that society is an organic unity. ...
The Communist Party of Brazil (in Portuguese Partido Comunista do Brasil), better known by its abreviation PCdoB, is a major political party in Brazil. ...
The history of the Brazilian Communist Party (in Portuguese, Partido Comunista Brasileiro), best known by the abbreviation PCB, started with its foundation on March 25, 1922 in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. ...
Che Guevara Dr. Ernesto Rafael Guevara de la Serna (June 14, 1928¹ – October 9, 1967), commonly known as Che Guevara, was an Argentine-born Marxist revolutionary and Cuban guerrilla leader. ...
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