Current Lubaczow Coat of Arms Old Lubaczow Coat of Arms Lubaczów is a town in southeastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine, with 13,000 inhabitants (1998).
Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodship (since 1999). It is the capital of Lubaczow County. It is located 50 Km NNE of Przemysl. The town square was called Rynek.
Timeline
- 1211: Lubaczow is mentioned for the first time in surviving historical documents.
- 1498: The Jews of Lubaczow are mentioned for the first time, when they were granted a lease to collect Lubaczow customs duties that year.
- 1532: The Polish King forbade the Jews of Lubaczow to do any business with the population in the surrounding villages.
- 1538: Tax records show that there were eighteen Jewish families living in Lubaczow who paid taxes to the King.
- 1565: The lustration of this year mentions only three Jewish families living in the town.
- 1621: A Jew named Szapsel was murdered by farmers in the vicinity of Lubaczow.
- 1621, 1633 & 1639: Lubaczow Jews were involved in trade and crafts, and also had the right to brew beer. They still held the lease for the collection of municipal fees, as well as the royal taxes from the entire starostwo (local administrative unit) in these years.
- 1648-1649: The Kossacks and Ukrainian farmers led by Bohdan Chmielnicki opposed the Polish government. In their eyes the Jews were agents of the Polish rulers, and with barbaric methods they attacked the Jews. In Lubaczow the shops at the Rynek (town square) and in the surrounding streets were completely burnt down.
- 1662: The lustration of that year does not mention any Jewish households, though by the early eighteenth century a relatively large community did exist there, as evidenced by the amount of taxes paid to the royal treasury.
- 1670: There were only five Jewish families in Lubaczow.
- 1765: According to the census of that year, there were 687 Jews obliged to pay taxes who were living in the town and surrounding villages.
- 1787: Around thirty Jewish families in Lubaczow asked the Austrian government to give them land so that they could be farmers, but there was no response to their plea.
- 19th century: The Jewish community in Lubaczow grew stronger and the Jews worked as traders in agricultural products, and peddling in the nearby villages.
- 1880: The eastern and western railway lines in Poland were connected after a new railway was built from Jaroslaw, and Lubaczow became important after getting its own railway station. That year, the Jewish Community was comprised of about 1,300 people (approximately 30% of the total population).
- 1891: A Business directory for Galicia[1] (http://www.jewishgen.org/databases/galicia1891.htm) is published, containing about 25000 names of people in the professions. It includes several people from Lubaczow.
- 1896: A hospital was built in Lubaczow.
- 1899: There was a big fire in Lubaczow in 1899 and the town was largely damaged. Among those who lost their homes were 220 Jewish families comprising close to thousand persons.
- 1906: The Address Directory for Galicia was published. It had 550 pages.
- 1914-1918: During World War I, around 500 Jews left Lubaczow and many did not come back till the middle of the twenties.
- 1918: Poland was declared an independent state. The rule of the Austrian Hungarian empire was over. Lubaczow became part of independent Poland.
- 1931: According to most sources, this year there were 6291 citizens in the city of Lubaczow, out of whom 1794 were Jews. However, according to a table from the "Population of the Eastern Galicia in 1931"[2] (http://www.peacelink.de/keyword/Galicia_(Eastern_Europe).php), the locality of Lubaczow had a total population of 51,885, from where 23,686 (43.7%) were Polish, 24,470 (47.2%) were Ukranian, 3,503 (6.8%) were Yiddish (probably referring to Jews) and 226 (0.4%) were of other descent.
- 1933: The Jewish Cemetery in Lubaczow was closed by the Polish authorities, and was reopened only after a long public struggle.
- 1939: According to "Where Once We Walked" there were 1,715 Jews in Lubaczow before the Holocaust. According to other sources, there werer 2,300.
- September 1, 1939: Germany invaded Poland.
- September 7, 1939: Lubaczow was bombed by German planes. There was fighting around Lubaczow. The Polish Army retreated to the east, to Lwow.
- September 12, 1939: The Germans occupied Lubaczow.
- September 26, 1939: The Soviet Red Army occupied Lubaczow. According to the Soviet-German Molotov-Ribbentropf agreement, Poland was divided and Lubaczow became part of the Soviet territories. Until June 22, 1941, Lubaczow was ruled by the Soviets.
- June 22, 1941: The German Army occupied Lubaczow for the second time after heavy fighting with the Red Army.
- April 1942: There were 2270 Jews in Lubaczow.
- May 1942: 2000 Jews were brought by the Germans to Lubaczow from the surrounding villages.
- October 1942: The Nazis gave the order that a Jewish Ghetto should be established in Lubaczow. Within 48 hours the Jews were overcrowded within the ghetto. Shortly after that the first transport of Jews was sent from Lubaczow to Belzec. Jews from Niemerow and Potilitz were brought to Lubaczow. At its peak, the Ghetto became home for 7000 Jews, who were kept in apartments located in the center of the town. About 5-6 families lived in each apartment.
- November 1942: Most of the Jews from Olescyze, about 2000, were brought to Lubaczow.
- December 1942: The Germans promised there would be no further killing of Jews in Lubaczow because most of those who were still there were working for the Germans as slave laborers. The Nazis had already shipped 2500 Jews to the extermination camp at Belzec.
- January 5, 1943: There was a great snowstorm that brought great cold. The Germans collected all finished and unfinished items from the Jewish tailors and shoemakers. A rumor spread that the Germans would kill all the Jews. Whoever had the possibility fled that night from the ghetto.
- January 6, 1943: Around 8 AM, the final mass execution of the Jews in Lubaczow started. The killings continued until till January 14. Some were killed when found in their underground secret bunkers. Others were brought to the Jewish cemetery where an estimated 1200 Jews were killed and buried in a mass grave. Some were sent to Belzec. The very few Jews who survived did so by fleeing into the forests and by joining the partisans.
- July 21 1944: The Germans finally withdrew and the Soviet Red Army re-occupied Lubaczow. Poland became a communist country aligned with the Soviet Union.
- 1945: Lubaczow (in Podkarpackie province) was one of only a few locations in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lwow to remain within Poland when the national boundaries were redrawn that year.
- 1984: An inventory of the parish records from the archdiocese of the church archive established there was drawn up.
- 1992: The position of the Lubaczow area within the Polish diocesan structure was regularized and it became part of the Diocese of Zamosc-Lubaczow. There wass still a church archive in Lubaczow.
Other names Lubaczow is also called (or misspelled as): Libatchov, Libechuyv, Liubachev, Lubachov, Lubatchov, Lubichuv, Lubachow, Lubatchow.
Famous people
External links - Mapquest Map of Lubaczow (http://www.mapquest.com/maps/map.adp?searchtype=address&formtype=search&countryid=PL&addtohistory=&country=PL&city=Lubaczow&submit=Get+Map)
- List of Holocaust victims of Lubaczow published in 1954, by Israeli Lubaczower Landsmanschaft and its chairman, Uri Roth. Written by Samuel S. Lieberman (http://www2.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Lubaczow/lub001.html)
- Pictures of Lubaczow Partisans (http://remember.org/hoffman/partisans.html)
- Lubaczow business directory 1929 (http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/lubaczow/busidir.htm)
- Telephone list from Lubaczow 1932 (http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/lubaczow/tele32.htm)
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