Ludwig I
King of Bavaria
Portrait by Joseph Stieler, 1825
Reign	October 13, 1825 - March 20, 1848
Born	August 25, 1786(1786-08-25)
	Strasbourg
Died	February 29, 1868 (aged 81)
	Nice
Predecessor	Maximilian I
Successor	Maximilian II
Consort	Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Issue	Maximilian II, Mathilde, Otto, Theodelinde, Luitpold, Adelgunde, Hildegard, Alexandra, Adalbert
Royal House	Wittelsbach
Father	Maximilian I
Mother	Wilhelmine of Hessen-Darmstadt

Ludwig I (or Louis I, which is the French form of his name, his godfather was Louis XVI of France) (Strasbourg, August 25, 1786 – February 29, 1868 in Nice) was king of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states. Image File history File links LouisI.jpg Summary King Louis I ( Bavaria ) Licensing Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Joseph Karl Stieler (1781 - 1858), German painter, famous overall as the author of the Schönheitengalerie or Gallery of Beauties of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 237th day of the year (238th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1786 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Strasburg. ... February 29 is a day added into a leap year of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur Department Alpes-Maritimes (06) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration Nice Côte dAzur Mayor Jacques Peyrat  (UMP) (since 1995) Statistics Land area¹ 71. ... King Maximilian I of Bavaria. ... Maximilian II of Bavaria (November 28, 1811 – March 10, 1864) was king of Bavaria from 1848 until 1864. ... Queen Therese of Bavaria portrait by Joseph Karl Stieler Therese Charlotte Luise of Saxony-Hildburghausen (Therese of Bavaria) (8 July 1792 in Seidingstadt (Castle in the duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen) - 26 October 1854 in Munich) was queen of Bavaria. ... Maximilian II of Bavaria (November 28, 1811 – March 10, 1864) was king of Bavaria from 1848 until 1864. ... Princess Mathilde of Bavaria Princess Mathilde of Bavaria (German: Mathilde Karoline Friederike Wilhelmine Charlotte von Bayern) (born Augsburg, 30 August 1813; died Darmstadt, 25 August 1862) was the second child and eldest daughter of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. ... King Otto of Greece, (Greek: , Othon, Vasileus tis Ellados) also Prince of Bavaria (June 1, 1815 – July 26, 1867) was made the first modern king of Greece in 1832 under the Convention of London, whereby Greece became a new independent kingdom under the protection of the Great Powers (the United... Prince Regent Luitpold Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria (German: Prinzregent Luitpold Karl Joseph Wilhelm Ludwig von Bayern) (12 March 1821—12 December 1912), was the regent and de facto ruler of Bavaria from 1886 to 1912, due to the incapacity of his nephews, Ludwig II and Otto. ... Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria (German:Adelgunde Auguste Charlotte Caroline Elisabeth Amalie Marie Sophie Luise von Bayern) (born Würzburg, 19 March 1823; died Munich, 28 January 1914) was the sixth child and fourth daughter of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. ... Princess Hildegard of Bavaria Princess Hildegard of Bavaria (German Hildegard Luise Charlotte Theresia Friederike von Bayern) (born Würzburg, 10 June 1825; died Vienna, 2 April 1864) was the seventh child and fourth daughter of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. ... Portrait of Alexandra by Stieler Princess Alexandra Amalie of Bavaria (26 August 1826 - 21 September 1875) was a member of the House of Wittelsbach who devoted her life to literature. ... Prince Adalbert of Bavaria Prince Adalbert of Bavaria (German: Adalbert Wilhelm Georg Ludwig von Bayern) (born Munich, 19 July 1828; died Nymphenburg Palace, 21 September 1875) was the ninth child and fourth son of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. ... The Wittelsbach family is an European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. ... King Maximilian I of Bavaria. ... A godparent, in many denominations of Christianity, is someone who sponsors a childs baptism. ... Louis XVI, born Louis-Auguste de France (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792. ... For other uses, see Strasburg. ... is the 237th day of the year (238th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1786 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... February 29 is a day added into a leap year of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur Department Alpes-Maritimes (06) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration Nice Côte dAzur Mayor Jacques Peyrat  (UMP) (since 1995) Statistics Land area¹ 71. ... For other uses, see Bavaria (disambiguation). ... Year 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Germany at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 was a collection of 38 states including parts of Austria and Prussia loosely bound together in the German Confederation after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. ...

Crown Prince

He was the son of King Maximilian I and Wilhelmina of Hesse-Darmstadt. In October 1810, he married Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1792-1854), the daughter of Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen. The wedding was the occasion of the first ever Oktoberfest. King Maximilian I of Bavaria. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Queen Therese of Bavaria portrait by Joseph Karl Stieler Therese Charlotte Luise of Saxony-Hildburghausen (Therese of Bavaria) (8 July 1792 in Seidingstadt (Castle in the duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen) - 26 October 1854 in Munich) was queen of Bavaria. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (b. ... Inside a typical Oktoberfest tent The Oktoberfest is a three-week festival held each year in Munich, Bavaria, Germany during late September and early October. ...

Ludwig strongly rejected the alliance of his father with Napoleon I of France but in spite of his anti-French politics the crown prince had to join the emperor's wars with allied Bavarian troups. In 1817 Ludwig was involved in the fall of Prime Minister Count Max Josef von Montgelas. He succeeded his father on the throne in 1825. Napoléon I, Emperor of the French (born Napoleone di Buonaparte, changed his name to Napoléon Bonaparte)[1] (15 August 1769; Ajaccio, Corsica – 5 May 1821; Saint Helena) was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Maximilian Josef Montgelas. ... Year 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Reign

Ludwig's rule was strongly affected by his enthusiasm for the arts and women and his overreaching royal assertiveness. As admirer of the ancient Greece and the Italian renaissance Ludwig patronised the arts as principal of many neoclassical buildings, especially in Munich, and as fanatic collector. Among others he ordered to erect were the Walhalla temple, the Ludwigstrasse, the Glyptothek, the Old and the New Pinakothek. One of his most famous conceptions was the celebrated "Schönheitengalerie" (Gallery of Beauties), in charge of the painter Joseph Stieler, which contained portraits of several beautiful women who principally came from the high middle class. For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... View of the Walhalla from the Danube View of the Walhalla main hall The Walhalla, Hall of Fame and Honor is a hall of fame located on the Danube River 10 km from Regensburg, in Bavaria, Germany. ... Ludwigstraße, Munich The Ludwigstrasse in Munich is one of the citys four royal avenues. ... The Glyptothek is a museum in Munich, Germany, which was commissioned by the Bavarian King Ludwig I to house his collection of Greek and Roman sculptures (hence Glypto-, from the Greek root glyphein, to carve). ... The Alte Pinakothek (Old Pinakothek) is an art museum situated in the Kunstareal in Munich, Germany. ... The Neue Pinakothek (New Pinakothek) is an art museum in Munich, Germany. ... Joseph Karl Stieler (1781 - 1858), German painter, famous overall as the author of the Schönheitengalerie or Gallery of Beauties of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. ...

As enthusiast also for the German Middle Ages Ludwig ordered to reerect several monasteries in Bavaria which had been closed during the German Mediatisation. He reorganized the administrative regions of Bavaria in 1837 and re-introduced the old names Upper Bavaria, Lower Bavaria, Franconia, Swabia, Upper Palatinate and Palatinate. He changed his royal titles to Ludwig, King of Bavaria, Duke of Franconia, Duke in Swabia and Count Palatinate of the Rhine. Ludwig's plan to reunite also the eastern part of the Palatinate with Bavaria could not be realized. The Electoral Palatinate, a former dominion of the Wittelsbach, had been split up in 1815, the eastern bank of the Rhine with Mannheim and Heidelberg was given to Baden, only the western bank was granted to Bavaria. Here Ludwig founded the city of Ludwigshafen as a Bavarian rival to Mannheim. // Background The German Mediatisation is a name applied to the series of mediatisations and secularisations which occurred in Germany during the Napoleonic Era (occurring 1795 - 1814AD). ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... A palatinate is a territory administered by a count palatine, originally the direct representative of the sovereign, but later the hereditary ruler of the territory subject to the crowns overlordship. ... Mannheim is a city in Germany. ... Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. ... Map of Germany showing Ludwigshafen am Rhein Ludwigshafen am Rhein is a city in Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany, with about 166,000 inhabitants. ...

On the other hand Ludwig also encouraged Bavaria's industrialization. He initiated the Ludwig channel between the River Main and the Danube. In 1835 the first German railway was constructed in his domain, between the cities of Fürth and Nuremberg. He moved the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität from Landshut to Munich in 1826. | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... South part of the city, seen from the Alte Veste (Zirndorf), 2004 The city of Fürth is located in northern Bavaria, Germany in the district of Middle Franconia. ... “Nürnberg” redirects here. ... With approximately 48,000 students, the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (German: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München or LMU) is the second largest university in Germany (surpassed only by the University of Cologne). ... Landshut is a city in Bavaria in the south-east of Germany both belonging to Eastern and Southern Bavaria. ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... The oldest surviving photograph, Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Ludwig supported the Greek fight of independence: His second son Otto was elected king of Greece in 1832. After the July Revolution in France 1830, his previous liberal policy became more and more repressive. The Hambacher Fest in 1832 showed the discontent of the population suffered from high taxes and censorship. Combatants Greek revolutionaries United Kingdom France Russian Empire  Ottoman Empire Egyptian Khedivate Commanders Theodoros Kolokotronis Alexander Ypsilanti Georgios Karaiskakis Omer Vryonis Mahmud Dramali Pasha ReÅŸid Mehmed Pasha Ibrahim Pasha. ... King Otto of Greece, (Greek: , Othon, Vasileus tis Ellados) also Prince of Bavaria (June 1, 1815 – July 26, 1867) was made the first modern king of Greece in 1832 under the Convention of London, whereby Greece became a new independent kingdom under the protection of the Great Powers (the United... Year 1832 (MDCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... // The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution, saw the overthrow of King Charles X, the last of the House of Bourbons, and the ascension of his cousin Louis-Philippe, the Duc dOrléans, who himself, after eighteen precarious years on the throne, would in turn... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Procession to Hambach Castle The Hambacher Fest was a national democratic festival, similar to the Wartburg festival of 1817, celebrated at Hambach Castle near Neustadt an der Weinstraße (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany), on May 27-May 30, 1832 with about 30 000 participants. ...

Ludwig had several love affairs and became one of the lovers of Lady Jane Digby, an aristocratic English adventuress. Ludwig also became tainted with scandals associated with another of his mistresses, Lola Montez. During the revolutions of 1848 he abdicated on March 20, 1848 in favour of his son, Maximilian. Lady Jane Elizabeth Digby (April 3, 1807 – August 11, 1881) was an English aristocrat who lived a life of wild adventure. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Elizabeth Rosanna Gilbert [1] (February 17, 1821 – January 17, 1861), better known by the stage name Lola Montez, was an Irish-born dancer and actress who became famous as an exotic dancer, courtesan and the mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. ... Germany at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 was a collection of 38 states including parts of Austria and Prussia loosely bound together in the German Confederation after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. ... Abdication (from the Latin abdicatio disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one), the act whereby a person in office renounces and gives up the same before the expiry of the time for which it is held. ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Maximilian II of Bavaria (November 28, 1811 – March 10, 1864) was king of Bavaria from 1848 until 1864. ...

Also after his resignation Ludwig remained an important sponsor for the arts. He was buried in St. Boniface's Abbey, Munich. St. ...

Arms of the Kingdom of Bavaria 1835:

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 487 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (565 × 695 pixel, file size: 132 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Arms of the Kingdom of Bavaria 1835 Drawn by Theo van der Zalm I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute...

Children

Ludwig I of Bavaria, monument in the Walhalla

He was the father of: Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (782x1330, 634 KB) Beschreibung: Ludwig I. König von Bayern Quelle: selbst fotografiert Fotograf: Christian VisualBeo Horvat Datum: 6. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (782x1330, 634 KB) Beschreibung: Ludwig I. König von Bayern Quelle: selbst fotografiert Fotograf: Christian VisualBeo Horvat Datum: 6. ...

• Maximilian II of Bavaria (1811-1864)
• Mathilde, who married Ludwig III, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (1813-1862)
• Otto (1815-1867), who became king of Greece in 1832.
• Theodelinde, Princess of Bavaria (1816-1817)
• Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria (1821-1912)
• Adelgunde (1823-1914), who married Francis V, Duke of Modena.
• Hildegard (1825-1864), who married Archduke Albert of Austria (1817-1895), Duke of Teschen.
• Alexandra (1826-1875)
• Adalbert (1828-1875)

Maximilian II of Bavaria (November 28, 1811 – March 10, 1864) was king of Bavaria from 1848 until 1864. ... For the US Federal Agent designation, see Special agent. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Princess Mathilde of Bavaria Princess Mathilde of Bavaria (German: Mathilde Karoline Friederike Wilhelmine Charlotte von Bayern) (born Augsburg, 30 August 1813; died Darmstadt, 25 August 1862) was the second child and eldest daughter of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. ... Ludwig III, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (9 June 1806 - 13 June 1877) was the ruler of Grand Ducal Hesse from 1848 until his death. ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... This article is about 1862 . ... King Otto of Greece, (Greek: , Othon, Vasileus tis Ellados) also Prince of Bavaria (June 1, 1815 – July 26, 1867) was made the first modern king of Greece in 1832 under the Convention of London, whereby Greece became a new independent kingdom under the protection of the Great Powers (the United... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1832 (MDCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Prince Regent Luitpold Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria (German: Prinzregent Luitpold Karl Joseph Wilhelm Ludwig von Bayern) (12 March 1821—12 December 1912), was the regent and de facto ruler of Bavaria from 1886 to 1912, due to the incapacity of his nephews, Ludwig II and Otto. ... Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria (German:Adelgunde Auguste Charlotte Caroline Elisabeth Amalie Marie Sophie Luise von Bayern) (born Würzburg, 19 March 1823; died Munich, 28 January 1914) was the sixth child and fourth daughter of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Duke Francis V of Modena (Italian: Francesco V dEste) (June 1]]1819–November 20, 1875), the eldest son of Francis IV of Modena and of Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy. ... Princess Hildegard of Bavaria Princess Hildegard of Bavaria (German Hildegard Luise Charlotte Theresia Friederike von Bayern) (born Würzburg, 10 June 1825; died Vienna, 2 April 1864) was the seventh child and fourth daughter of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. ... Year 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf, Prince Imperial and Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, Duke of Teschen (born August 3, 1817 in Vienna; died February 2, 1895, Arco (Italy) was an Austrian Habsburg general. ... Portrait of Alexandra by Stieler Princess Alexandra Amalie of Bavaria (26 August 1826 - 21 September 1875) was a member of the House of Wittelsbach who devoted her life to literature. ... The oldest surviving photograph, Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Prince Adalbert of Bavaria Prince Adalbert of Bavaria (German: Adalbert Wilhelm Georg Ludwig von Bayern) (born Munich, 19 July 1828; died Nymphenburg Palace, 21 September 1875) was the ninth child and fourth son of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. ... Year 1828 (MDCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Ancestry

King Maximilian I of Bavaria. ... Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (born Rappoltsweiler, February 27, 1724; died Schwetzingen, August 15, 1767) was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty. ... Maria Francisca, Countess Palatine of Sulzbach (Maria Franziska, Pfalzgräfin von Sulzbach) (1724Yndash;1794) was the daughter of Joseph Karl Emanuel August, Pfalzgraf von Sulzbach and Elizabeth Augusta Sophie, Pfalzgräfin von Neuburg. ... Elizabeth Augusta Sophie, Pfalzgräfin von Neuburg (1693–1728) was the daughter of Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine and Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł. She married in 1717 to Joseph Karl Emanuel August, Pfalzgraf von Sulzbach. ... Landgrave Louis VIII Ludwig VIII Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt (5 April 1691 - 17 October 1768) was the son of Ernest Louis of Hessen-Darmstadt and Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach. ...

See also

• Revolutions of 1848 in the German states

Germany at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 was a collection of 38 states including parts of Austria and Prussia loosely bound together in the German Confederation after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. ...

External links

• The king's portrait

• George Washington's German "Cousin" {Baron Jakob von Washington-an advisor to King Ludwig I}