Ludwig III, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (9 June1806 - 13 June1877) was the ruler of Grand Ducal Hesse from 1848 until his death. He was succeeded by his nephew, Ludwig IV. Jump to: navigation, search June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search June 13 is the 164th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (165th in leap years), with 201 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, K.G. (12 September 1837 in Bessungen, now Darmstadt - 13 March 1892 in Darmstadt), the ruler of the small German grand duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt (Hesse and by Rhine), was the husband of Princess Alice of Great Britain and Ireland, the...
At the Congress of Vienna, the GrandDuke was forced to cede Westphalia to Prussia, in exchange for which he received a piece of territory on the Left Bank of the Rhine, including the important federal fortress at Mainz.
In 1867, the northern half of the Grand Duchy became a part of the North German Confederation, while the half of the Grand Duchy south of the Main remained outside.
The last GrandDuke, Ernst Ludwig (a grandson of Queen Victoria and brother to Empress Alexandra of Russia), was forced from his throne at the end of World War I, and the state was renamed the Free State of Hesse.
The Rhine valley is the warmest district in Germany, but the higher elevations of the Black Forest record the greatest degrees of cold experienced in the south.
The Roman Catholic archbishop of Freiburg is metropolitan of the Upper Rhine.
The Baden contingent continued to assist France, and by the peace of Vienna in 1809 the grandduke was rewarded with accessions of territory at the expense of the kingdom of Wurttemberg.
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