Luis Muñoz Marín
| | Order: | 1st Democratically Elected Governor | | Term of Office: | January 2, 1949–January 2, 1965 | | Predecessor: | None | | Successor: | Roberto Sánchez Vilella | | Date of Birth: | Monday, February 18, 1898 | | Place of Birth: | San Juan, Puerto Rico | | Date of Death: | Thursday, April 30, 1980 | | Place of Death: | San Juan, Puerto Rico | | First Lady: | Inés Mendoza | | Profession: | politician, journalist, poet | | Political Party: | Popular Democratic Party | | Resident Commissioner: | Antonio Fernós Isern (1949-1965) | Luis Muñoz Marín (February 18, 1898 - April 30, 1980) was a poet, journalist and politician. He was the first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico and considered one of the most important twentieth-century political figures in the Americas. He worked closely with the Government of the United States for the creation of a Constitution for Puerto Rico that would create a more favorable environment in which the island could achieve progress both economically and politically. Muñoz served for sixteen years as Governor and his achievements made him worthy of the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1962 and of the title "Father of the Modern Puerto Rico". Luis Muñoz Marín. ...
January 2 is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1949 is a common year starting on Saturday. ...
January 2 is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...
Roberto Sánchez Vilella (February 19, 1913-March 24, 1997) was the second democratically eleted Governor of Puerto Rico. ...
Monday is the day of the week between Sunday and Tuesday. ...
February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
San Juan is the capital of Puerto Rico. ...
Thursday is the day of the week between Wednesday and Friday. ...
April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining, as the last day in April. ...
1980 is a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...
San Juan is the capital of Puerto Rico. ...
A First Lady is the female spouse of an elected male head of state such as a President, Prime Minister, Premier or Governor. ...
A politician is an individual involved in politics. ...
A journalist is a person engaged in the profession of journalism. ...
Poets are authors of poems. ...
A political party is a political organization that subscribes to a certain ideology and seeks to attain political power within a government. ...
The Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico —or Partido Popular Democrático de Puerto Rico (PPD) in Spanish— is a political party that stands for Puerto Rico to be a free associated state of the United States, which is also known as a commonwealth status. ...
A High Commissioner is a person serving in a special executive capacity. ...
Dr. Antonio Fernós-Isern (May 10, 1885 – January 19, 1974) born in San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico was the first Puerto Rican cardiologist and longest serving Resident Commissioner. Dr. ...
February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining, as the last day in April. ...
1980 is a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...
Poets are authors of poems. ...
A journalist is a person engaged in the profession of journalism. ...
A politician is an individual involved in politics. ...
Seal of the Governor of Puerto Rico The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. ...
(19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...
The Americas is an alternative name in the English language for the continent of America, to distinguish it from the United States of America, which is often just called America. ...
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The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the highest civilian award in the United States. ...
1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Education Born José Luis Alberto Muñoz Marín at 152 Fortaleza street in Old San Juan, he was the son of Don Luis Muñoz Rivera, and Doña Amalia Marín Castilla. Luis Muñoz Marín's early years were spent with frequent travels between the United States and Puerto Rico. His father founded the newspaper the "Puerto Rico Herald" in New York and in 1910 was elected Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico to the United States Congress. Main article: San Juan, Puerto Rico Map of Old San Juan. ...
Luis Muñoz Rivera Luis Muñoz Rivera (July 17, 1859 - November 15, 1916) was a poet, journalist and a politician from Barranquitas, Puerto Rico. ...
State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th) - Land 122,409 km² - Water 18,795 km² (13. ...
1910 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
A High Commissioner is a person serving in a special executive capacity. ...
The Congress of the United States is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States of America. ...
In 1911 Muñoz began his studies at the Georgetown Preparatory School, in Washington D.C.. In 1915 he began his Law studies at Georgetown University but was forced to return to Puerto Rico after his father became ill. Luis Muñoz Rivera died November 15, 1916. A database query syntax error has occurred. ...
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1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
Law (a loanword from Old Norse lag), in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules or norms of conduct which mandate, proscribe or permit specified relationships among people and organizations, provide methods for ensuring the impartial treatment of such people, and provide punishments for those who do not follow...
Georgetown University Georgetown University is a major research University located in Georgetown, a neighborhood of Washington, DC, United States. ...
November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ...
1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ...
Political Career In 1920 Muñoz Marín joined the Puerto Rican Socialist Party headed by Santiago Iglesias Pantín. During this time he advocated for Puerto Rican Independence from the United States and sympathized with the Puerto Rican worker, who in his views was being neglected by the political forces of the time. 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ...
The Puerto Rican Socialist Party -- or Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño (PSP for its abbreviation in Spanish) -- was a Puerto Rican political party that existed from the 1971 to 1993 and advocated independence and a socialist government for Puerto Rico. ...
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Senator In 1932 he joined the Liberal Party (Partido Liberal), founded by Antonio R. Barceló and would lead the party's official newspaper, "La Democracia". On March 13, 1932, Muñoz was nominated by the party for the post of Senator. Antonio R. Barceló and Muñoz where elected senators in the 1932 elections for the 1933-1937 term. 1932 is a leap year starting on a Friday. ...
Antonio R. Barceló (April 15, 1868 - October 15, 1938), born in the City of Fajardo, Puerto Rico, was a lawyer, businessman and the father of what was to become one of Puerto Ricos most prominent political families. ...
March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ...
1932 is a leap year starting on a Friday. ...
A senate is a deliberative body, often the upper house or chamber of a legislature. ...
1932 is a leap year starting on a Friday. ...
1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
In 1937 political disagreements between Muñoz and Antonio R. Barceló led to the expulsion of Muñoz Marín from the Liberal Party. He would then create a group named, the Social Independence Action ("Acción Social Independentista" known as "ASI") which would later give rise to the "Partido Liberal Neto, Auténtico y Completo" in opposition to the Liberal Party which Antonio R. Barceló headed. 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Luis Muñoz Marín would help create the Popular Democratic Party (Partido Popular Democratico-PPD) in 1938. Muñoz concentrated his political campaigning in the rural areas of Puerto Rico. He attacked the then common practice of paying off rural farm workers to influence their vote. During his campaign he met Inés María Mendoza who would later become his second wife. The Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico —or Partido Popular Democrático de Puerto Rico (PPD) in Spanish— is a political party that stands for Puerto Rico to be a free associated state of the United States, which is also known as a commonwealth status. ...
The Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico —or Partido Popular Democrático de Puerto Rico (PPD) in Spanish— is a political party that stands for Puerto Rico to be a free associated state of the United States, which is also known as a commonwealth status. ...
PPD may stand for: Postpartum depression Political parties: Partito Popolare Democratico Svizzero (Switzerland) Partido por la Democracia (Chile) Partido Popular Democrático (Puerto Rico) Partido Popular Democrático (Portugal) P-Phenylenediamine PostScript Printer Description Purified protein derivative (used for tuberculosis testing) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other...
1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...
President of the Senate In 1940 the PPD won a slight but surprising victory in the Puerto Rican Senate, a victory which was attributed to the campaining he did in the rural areas. Muñoz Marín is then named President of the Senate. 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
PPD may stand for: Postpartum depression Political parties: Partito Popolare Democratico Svizzero (Switzerland) Partido por la Democracia (Chile) Partido Popular Democrático (Puerto Rico) Partido Popular Democrático (Portugal) P-Phenylenediamine PostScript Printer Description Purified protein derivative (used for tuberculosis testing) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other...
A senate is a deliberative body, often the upper house or chamber of a legislature. ...
During his term as President of the Senate, Muñoz was an advocate of the worker class of Puerto Rico. Along with the United States' appointed Governor of the time, Rexford G. Tugwell, and the republican-socialist coalition which headed the House of Representatives, he would help advance legislation geared towards agricultural reform, economic recovery and industrialization. He backed legislation to limit the amount of land a company could own. In 1944 the PPD repeated the political victory of the previous elections. Legislation refers 1. ...
1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...
For the 1948 elections the United States Congress allowed Puerto Ricans to democratically elect their governor for the first time. Muñoz successfully campaigned for the post, thus becoming the first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico. He officially took office on January 2, 1949. 1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The Congress of the United States is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States of America. ...
Seal of the Governor of Puerto Rico The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. ...
January 2 is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1949 is a common year starting on Saturday. ...
Governor Muñoz held the post of Governor for sixteen years, being re-elected again in the 1952, 1956 and 1960 elections. During the 1960 elections, Catholic bishops ruled it would be a sin to vote for PPD candidates due to the party's policy on birth control and disallowing religious teachings in public schools. A governor is also a device that regulates the speed of a machine. ...
1952 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...
1956 was a leap year starting on Sunday. ...
1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
PPD may stand for: Postpartum depression Political parties: Partito Popolare Democratico Svizzero (Switzerland) Partido por la Democracia (Chile) Partido Popular Democrático (Puerto Rico) Partido Popular Democrático (Portugal) P-Phenylenediamine PostScript Printer Description Purified protein derivative (used for tuberculosis testing) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other...
Birth control is the practice of preventing or reducing the probability of pregnancy without abstaining from sexual intercourse; the term is also sometimes used to include abortion, the ending of an unwanted pregnancy, or abstinence. ...
During his terms as governor, a Constitutional Assembly was convened in which the Constitution of Puerto Rico was drafted. It was approved by the United States Congress in 1952. Luis Munoz Marin and John Kennedy. ...
Luis Munoz Marin and John Kennedy. ...
Order: 35th President Vice President: Lyndon B. Johnson Term of office: January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 Preceded by: Dwight D. Eisenhower Succeeded by: Lyndon B. Johnson Date of birth: May 29, 1917 Place of birth: Brookline, Massachusetts Date of death: November 22, 1963 Place of death: Dallas, Texas First...
Pau Casals i Defilló (December 29, 1876 – October 22, 1973), commonly known as Pablo Casals, was a virtuoso Catalan, Spanish cello player (and later conductor). ...
The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is the basic governing document of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. ...
An ambitious industrialization project dubbed "Operation Bootstrap," was coupled with a program of agrarian reform aimed at the sugar industry. In the first forty years of this century, before Operation Bootstrap, Puerto Rico's economy was dominated by its role as a source of cheap sugar for the mainland U.S. market. Operation Bootstrap enticed U.S. mainland investors to transfer industries to Puerto Rico or create new ones there by granting them tax concessions and other subsidies including access to Puerto Rico's impoverished cheap labor market. Operation Bootstrap (Operación Manos a la Obra) is the name given to the ambitious projects which industrialized Puerto Rico in the mid-20th century. ...
The program accelerated the shift from agricultural to industrial production; and, today, sugar production plays a relatively minor role in the island's economy. The 1950s saw the development of labor-intensive light industries, such as textiles; manufacturing later gave way to heavy industry, such as petrochemicals and oil refining, in the 1960s and 1970s.
Muñoz Marín's development programs brought some prosperity for an emergent middle class, but they also deprived Puerto Rico of tax revenues and overwhelmed native industries. The poor peasantry was merely transformed into a poor industrial working class (suffering from high unemployment). Although initially touted as an economic miracle, Operation Bootstrap by the 1960s was increasingly characterized by a growing unemployment problem.
Muñoz Marín also launched "Operación Serenidad" (Operation Serenity), a series of projects geared towards promoting education and appreciation of the arts.
His reversal on not pursuing Puerto Rican Independence angered some Puerto Ricans, including nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos. On October 30, 1950 a group of Puerto Rican nationalists/Terrorist staged a revolt which included an attack on the governor's mansion- La Fortaleza-, the United States Capitol and attempted assasination of President Harry S. Truman at Blair House, where United States president was staying during a renovation of the White House. These acts led Muñoz to crack down on Puerto Rican Terrorist and advocates of Puerto Rican Independence who advocated violence as a means of social change -- Which included an included mostly those who embraced Marxist/Leninist style of revolutionary change. His actions led to political persecution of Terrorist sympathizers who in reality had no use -- or respect -- for the Democratic process. Pedro Albizu Campos Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos (September 12, 1891 - April 21, 1965) born in Tenerias Village in Ponce, Puerto Rico was the son of Alejandro Albizu and Juana Campos. ...
October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 62 days remaining. ...
1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
La Fortaleza (or The Fortress in English) is the current residence of the Governor of Puerto Rico. ...
United States Capitol The United States Capitol is the building which serves as home for the legislative branch of the United States government. ...
For the victim of Mt. ...
Blair House is a guest house for state visitors to Washington, D.C. (in the United States of America). ...
The southern side of the White House The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. ...
In 1964, he chose not to run for another term, leaving his party's candidacy to his Secretary of State, Roberto Sánchez Vilella who would go on to be elected Governor. 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, a Secretary of State is a senior Cabinet Minister in charge of a Government Department. ...
Roberto Sánchez Vilella (February 19, 1913-March 24, 1997) was the second democratically eleted Governor of Puerto Rico. ...
Retirement, Death and Legacy After leaving the post of Governor, Muñoz Marín would continue his public service as a senator in the Puerto Rican Legislature until 1968. That year, Muñoz had a serious dispute with Governor Roberto Sánchez Vilella. Muñoz, who was still an influential figure inside the Popular Democratic Party, decided to deny Governor Sánchez the opportunity to run for another term in 1968. Governor Sánchez then founded The People's Party and decided to ran for governor under this new Party. Many members of the Popular Democratic Party voted for Sánchez, thus leading to the PPD's first electorial defeat ever. Muñoz Marín and Sánchez Vilella's friendship was severely strained after this. 1968 was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ...
After the loss in the 1968 elections, Muñoz traveled all over Europe and met with many political figures of the time. He returned to Puerto Rico in 1972 to promote the candidacy of Rafael Hernández Colón, the new leader of the Popular Democratic Party. World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ...
1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ...
Rafael Hernández Colón (born October 24, 1936) is a native of Ponce, Puerto Rico, who was the fourth democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico for 12 years ( 1973- 1977, 1985- 1993). ...
 Conmemorative Stamp issued by the United State's Post Office in 1990. On April 30, 1980 Luis Muñoz Marín died at the age of 82, after suffering complications from a severe stroke. His funeral became a national event attended by hundreds of followers. This image is a postage stamp produced by the United States Postal Service after 1978. ...
This image is a postage stamp produced by the United States Postal Service after 1978. ...
April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining, as the last day in April. ...
1980 is a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...
A stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is suddenly interrupted by occlusion (an ischemic stroke- approximately 90%of strokes) or by hemorrhage (a hemorrhagic stroke - approximately 10% of strokes). ...
To some, Muñoz never fulfilled a promise on Puerto Rican Independence and instead cemented Puerto Rico's colonial status. Others see Luis Muñoz Marín as the person who heralded a new era in Puerto Rico, helping to industrilize the island and bring with it social change. Marin was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on December 6, 1962 by President John F. Kennedy and was featured twice in the cover of Time Magazine. The articles called him "one of the most influential politicians in recent times, whose works will be remembered for years to come." In general, the word colonial means of or relating to a colony. In United States history, the term Colonial is used to refer to the period before US independence. ...
The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the highest civilian award in the United States. ...
December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Order: 35th President Vice President: Lyndon B. Johnson Term of office: January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 Preceded by: Dwight D. Eisenhower Succeeded by: Lyndon B. Johnson Date of birth: May 29, 1917 Place of birth: Brookline, Massachusetts Date of death: November 22, 1963 Place of death: Dallas, Texas First...
(Clockwise from upper left) Time magazine covers from May 7, 1945; July 25, 1969; December 31, 1999; September 14, 2001; and April 21, 2003. ...
His daughter Victoria Muñoz Mendoza, also became involved in the politics of Puerto Rico, and in 1992 made an unsuccessful bid for Governor. The main civil airport on the island of Puerto Rico bears his name- Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport- as well as other educational institutions. Victoria Melo Muñoz Mendoza (b. ...
1992 is a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Executive Air dba American Eagle ATR-72 and American Airlines aircraft at Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in April 2001 Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in Carolina, Puerto Rico, is the islands main international gateway, and its main connection to the mainland United States. ...
Jesus Toribio Piñero (April 6, 1897-November 16, 1952) was the first native Puerto Rican to be appointed governor of Puerto Rico by the government of the United States. ...
Seal of the Governor of Puerto Rico The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. ...
Roberto Sánchez Vilella (February 19, 1913-March 24, 1997) was the second democratically eleted Governor of Puerto Rico. ...
See also list of famous Puerto Ricans in alphabetical order by last names, where applicable. ...
Puerto Rico is a United States territory given special commonwealth status. ...
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