Saint Luke
Apostle and Evangelist
Born	Antioch, Turkey
Died	c. 84, near Boeotia, Greece
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church, Orthodox Church, Eastern Catholic Churches, Anglican Church, Lutheran Church, some other Protestant Churches
Major shrine	Padua, Italy
Feast	October 18
Attributes	Apostle of Jesus, Evangelist, Physician, Bishop book, man accompanied by a winged ox, ox, painting an icon of Blessed Virgin Mary, brush or palette (referring to the tradition that he was a painter), winged calf, or a winged ox.
Patronage	Artists and others, and others, see [1]
Saints Portal

Luke the Evangelist (לוקא, Greek: Λουκᾶς Loukas) is said by tradition to be the author of both the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, the third and fifth books of the New Testament. Saint Luke was born of Greek origin^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]} in the city of Antioch. In Catholicism, he is patron saint of physicians and surgeons, and his feast day is October 18. His earliest notice is in Paul's Epistle to Philemon, verse 24.... He is also mentioned in Colossians 4:14 and 2 Timothy 4:11, two works commonly ascribed to Paul. Our next earliest account of Luke is in the Anti-Marcionite Prologue to the Gospel of Luke, a document once thought to date to the 2nd century AD, but more recently has been dated to the later 4th century. However Helmut Koester claims the following part – the only part preserved in the original Greek – may have been composed in the late 2nd century: Image File history File links Size of this preview: 494 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2024 × 2455 pixel, file size: 391 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Antakya. ... Boeotia or Beotia (//, (Greek Βοιωτια; see also list of traditional Greek place names) was the central area of ancient Greece. ... “Catholic Church” redirects here. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Eastern Christianity. ... The Eastern Catholic Churches are autonomous particular Churches in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ... The Anglican Communion is a world-wide organisation of Anglican Churches. ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Eastern Orthodox shrine Buddhist shrine just outside Wat Phnom. ... Padua, Italy, (Italian: IPA: , Latin: Patavium, Venetian: ) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy, the economic and communications hub of the region. ... The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organising a liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more saints, and referring to the day as that saints day. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Saint symbology was important to people who couldnt read because they can figure out what symbols mean. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      For other uses, see... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... Evangelism is the proclaiming of the Christian Gospel. ... For other uses, see Doctor. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      This article is about a title... For other uses, see Book (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... “Our Lady” redirects here. ... An artists palette A palette is: A thin board that a painter holds and mixes colour pigments on. ... Painting by Rembrandt self-portrait Detail from Las Meninas by Diego Velazquez, in which the painter portrayed himself at work For the computer graphics program, see Corel Painter. ... Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ... An artist is someone who employs creative talent to produce works of art. ... Image File history File links Gloriole. ... The Gospel of Luke (literally, according to Luke; Greek, Κατά Λουκαν, Kata Loukan) is a synoptic Gospel, and the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament. ... The Acts of the Apostles is a book of the Bible, which now stands fifth in the New Testament. ... This article is about the Christian scriptures. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Antakya. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      As a Christian ecclesiastical... Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ... For other uses, see Doctor. ... Surgeon may refer to: a practitioner of surgery the moniker of British electronic music producer and DJ, Anthony Child; see Surgeon (musician) This is a disambiguation page—a list of articles associated with the same title. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Paul of Tarsus (b. ... The Epistle to Philemon is a book of the Bible in the New Testament. ... The Epistle to the Colossians is a book of the Bible New Testament. ... This article or section should be merged with First Epistle to Timothy The Second Epistle to Timothy is a book of the canonic New Testament, one of the three so-called pastoral epistles (1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and the Epistle to Titus). ... Helmut Koester (born 1926) is a German-born American scholar of the New Testament, and currently Research Professor of Divinity and Ecclesiastical History at Harvard Divinity School. ...

Some manuscripts add that Luke died "in Thebes, the capital of Boeotia". All of these facts support the conclusion that Luke was associated with Paul. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Antakya. ... For the ancient capital of Upper Egypt, see Thebes, Egypt. ... Boeotia or Beotia (//, (Greek Βοιωτια; see also list of traditional Greek place names) was the central area of ancient Greece. ...

Later tradition elaborates on these few facts. Epiphanius states that Luke was one of the Seventy (Panarion 51.11), and John Chrysostom indicates at one point that the "brother" Paul mentions in 2 Corinthians 8:18 is either Luke or Barnabas. J. Wenham asserts that Luke was "one of the Seventy, the Emmaus disciple, Lucius of Cyrene and Paul's kinsman." Not all scholars are as confident of all of these attributes as Wenham is, not least because Luke's own statement at the beginning of Acts freely admits that he was not an eyewitness to the events of the Gospel. Epiphanius (clearly manifested) was the name of several early Christian scholars and ecclesiastics: Epiphanius of Salamis, bishop of Salamis in Cyprus, died 410, author of Panarion Epiphanius of Constantinople, died 535, Patriarch of Constantinople 520—535 Epiphanius Scholasticus, known only as the assistant of Cassiodorus who compiled the Historiae... The Seventy of the Gospel of Luke 10:1 – 20, though not literally named apostles, were followers that Jesus appointed and sent away (the Greek verb form apostello, not the noun form apostolos). ... John Chrysostom (349– ca. ... (Redirected from 2 Corinthians) See also: First Epistle to the Corinthians and Third Epistle to the Corinthians The Second Epistle to the Corinthians is a book of the Bible New Testament. ... Barnabas was an early Christian mentioned in the New Testament. ...

If we accepted that Luke was the author of the Gospel bearing his name and the Acts of the Apostles, certain details of his personal life can be reasonably assumed. He does exclude himself from those who were eyewitnesses to Jesus' ministry. He does however repeatedly use the word "we" in describing the Pauline missions in Acts of the Apostles, indicating that he was personally there at those times.^[8] There is evidence that Luke resided in Troas, the province which included the ruins of ancient Troy. Evidence of this is, he writes in Acts in the third person about Paul and his travels, until they get to Troas, where he switches to the first person plural. The "we" section of Acts continues until the group returns to Troas, where his writing goes back to the third person. This change happens again the second time the group gets to Troas. There are three "we sections" in Acts, all following this rule. Luke never stated, however, that he lived in Troas, and this is the only evidence that he did. Map of the Troas The Troas (Troad) is an ancient region in the northwestern part of Anatolia, bounded by the Hellespont to the northwest, the Aegean Sea to the west, and separated from the rest of Anatolia by the massif that forms Mount Ida. ...

The composition of the writings, as well as the range of vocabulary used, indicate that the author was an educated man. The quote in the Letter of Paul to the Colossians differentiating between Luke and other colleagues "of the circumcision" has caused many to speculate that this indicates Luke was a Gentile. If this were true, it would make Luke the only writer of the New Testament who can clearly be identified as not being Jewish. However, that is not the only possibility. The phrase could just as easily be used to differentiate between those Christians who strictly observed the rituals of Judaism and those who didn't. ^[8] The word gentile is an anglicised version of the Latin word gentilis, meaning of or belonging to a clan or tribe. ...

Iconography
Another Christian tradition states that he was the first iconographer, and painted pictures of the Virgin Mary (The Black Madonna of Częstochowa) and of Peter and Paul. Thus late medieval guilds of St Luke in the cities of Flanders, or the Accademia di San Luca ("Academy of St Luke") in Rome, imitated in many other European cities during the 16th century, gathered together and protected painters. There is no scientific evidence to support the tradition that Luke painted icons of Mary and Jesus, though it was widely believed in earlier centuries, particularly in Eastern Orthodoxy. The tradition also has support from the Saint Thomas Christians of India who claim to still have one of the Theotokos icons that St Luke painted and Thomas brought to India.^[9] . Look up Iconography in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Gabriel delivering the Annunciation to Mary. ... The original Black Madonna of CzÄ™stochowa, The fleur-de-lys (Flower of Light) The Black Madonna of CzÄ™stochowa (The Archtype) The Fleur-de-luce/Lys/Lis Madonna (Czarna Madonna or Matka Boska CzÄ™stochowska in Polish) icon was, according to legend, painted by St. ... “St Peter” redirects here. ... A guild is an association of craftspeople in a particular trade. ... Accademia di San Luca, the painting academy of Rome, named for the Evangelist Saint Luke, reputed to have made a portrait of the Virgin Mary, who was patron of many painters guilds in the Low Countries and in Italy, was founded in 1593. ... The Saint Thomas Christians are a group of Christians from the Malabar coast (now Kerala) in South India, who follow Syriac Christianity. ... Theotokos of Kazan Theotokos (Greek: , translit. ...

Luke and the New Testament books

See also Gospel of Luke: Authorship and audience and Acts of the Apostles: Authorship The Gospel of Luke (literally, according to Luke; Greek, Κατά Λουκαν, Kata Loukan) is a synoptic Gospel, and the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament. ... The Acts of the Apostles is a book of the Bible, which now stands fifth in the New Testament. ...

Conservative Christian scholars attribute Luke as being author of the third Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles, which is clearly meant to be read as a sequel to the Gospel account. However, other scholars are more sceptical about Luke's authorship of these books. Both books are dedicated to one Theophilus and no scholar seriously doubts that the same person wrote both works, though neither work contains the name of its author. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Biblical criticism is a form of historical criticism that seeks to analyze the Holy Bible through asking certain questions of the text, such as; Who wrote it, when was it written, to whom was it written, why was it written, what was the historical, geographical and cultural setting of the... The Acts of the Apostles is a book of the Bible, which now stands fifth in the New Testament. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ...

Many argue that the author of Acts must have been a companion of the Apostle Paul, due to several passages in Acts written in the first person plural (known as the We Sections). These verses (see Acts 16:10-17, 20:5-15, 21:1-18, etc) seem to indicate the author was travelling with Paul during parts of his journeys. Some scholars report that, of the colleagues that Paul mentions in his epistles, the process of elimination leaves Luke as the only person who fits everything known about the author of Luke/Acts. Paul of Tarsus (b. ...

Additionally, the earliest manuscript of the Gospel (Papyrus Bodmer XIV/XV = P⁷⁵), dated circa AD 200, ascribes the work to Luke; as did Irenaeus, writing circa AD 180; and the Muratorian fragment from AD 170.^[10] Scholars defending Luke's authorship point out that there is no reason for early Christians to attribute these works to such a minor figure if he did not in fact write them, nor is there any tradition attributing this work to any other author. Irenaeus (Greek: Εἰρηναῖος), (b. ... Among Christians, the Muratorian fragment is known as a copy of perhaps the oldest known list of New Testament books that were accepted as canonical by the churches known to its anonymous compiler. ...

Luke and the Madonna, Altar of the Guild of St. Luke, Hermen Rode, Lübeck 1484

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1256x2135, 361 KB) Description: Title: de: Lukasaltar, linker Flügel innen: Inspiration des Hl. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1256x2135, 361 KB) Description: Title: de: Lukasaltar, linker Flügel innen: Inspiration des Hl. ... Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels (c. ... For other uses, see Lübeck (disambiguation). ...

See also

• Gospel of Luke
• Acts of the Apostles
• Order of St. Luke
• St. Luke's
• Icon of the Hodegetria

The Gospel of Luke (literally, according to Luke; Greek, Κατά Λουκαν, Kata Loukan) is a synoptic Gospel, and the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament. ... The Acts of the Apostles is a book of the Bible, which now stands fifth in the New Testament. ... The Order of Saint Luke is a religious order in the United Methodist Church dedicated to sacramental and liturgical scholarship, education, and practice. ... St. ...

References

• Helmut Koester. Ancient Christian Gospels. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press International, 1999.
• Burton L. Mack. Who Wrote the New Testament?: The Making of the Christian Myth. San Francisco, California: HarperCollins, 1996.
• J. Wenham, "The Identification of Luke", Evangelical Quarterly 63 (1991), 3-44

Footnotes

1. ^ The New Testament Documents: Their Origin and Early History, George Milligan, 1913 Macmillan and co. limited, p.149
2. ^ Saint Luke Catholic Online article
3. ^ Saints: A Visual Guide, Edward Mornin, Lorna Mornin, 2006 Eerdmans Books, p.74
4. ^ Saint Luke Catholic Encyclopedia article
5. ^ New Outlook, Alfred Emanuel Smith, 1935 Outlook Pub. Co, p.792
6. ^ New Testament Studies. I. Luke the Physician: The Author of the Third Gospel, Adolf von Harnack, 1907 Williams & Norgate; G.P, Putnam's Sons, p.5
7. ^ A Commentary on the Original Text of the Acts of the Apostles, Horatio Balch Hackett, 1858 Gould and Lincoln ; Sheldon, Blakeman & Co, p.12
8. ^ ^{a b} Encyclopedia Britannica, micropedia vol. 7, p.554-555. Chicago:Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc, 1998. ISBN 0-85229-633-0.
9. ^ Father H.Hosten in his book Antiquities notes the following "The picture at the mount is one of the oldest, and, therefore , one of the most venerable Christian paintings to be had in India. Other traditions hold that St. Luke painted two icons which currently reside in Greece: the Theotokos Mega Spileotissa (Our Lady of the Great Cave, where supposedly St. Luke lived for a period of time in asceticism) and Panagia Soumela, and Panagia Kykkou which resides in Cyprus."
10. ^ Brown, Raymond E. An Introduction to the New Testament, p. 267. Anchor Bible; 1st edition (October 13, 1997). ISBN 978-0385247672.

Raymond Edward Brown (May 22, 1928 - August 8, 1998), was an American Roman Catholic priest and Biblical scholar. ... The Anchor Bible Project, consisting of the Anchor Bible Commentary Series, Anchor Bible Dictionary and Anchor Bible Reference Library is a scholarly and commercial co-venture that began in 1956, when individual volumes in the commentary series began production. ...

External links

• Saint Luke
• Early Christian Writings: Gospel of Luke e-texts, introductions
• Photo of the grave of Luke in Padua (in German)
• http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/211540498v1?maxtoshow

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Luke the Evangelist