Logging is the process in which trees are felled (cut down) usually as part of a timber harvest. Timber is harvested to supply raw material for the wood products industry including logs for sawmills and pulp wood for the pulp and paper industry. Logging can also remove wood for forest management goals. Logging is controversial due to its environmental and aesthetic impacts. The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ... Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for use—from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial use—as structural material for construction or wood... Crops have been harvested by hand throughout most of human history. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... This article or section should include material from Saw mill A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards. ... International Paper Company Wood pulp is the most common material used to make paper. ... An International Paper mill in South Carolina The global pulp and paper industry is dominated by North American (United States, Canada), northern European (Sweden, Finland) and East Asian countries (such as Japan). ... Forest management includes a range of human interventions that affect forest ecosystems. ... An environment is a complex of external factors that acts on a system and determines its course and form of existence. ... Aesthetics (or esthetics) (from the Greek word αισθητική) is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty. ...

This article is about the usual above-ground forestry logging. Submerged forests exist on land that has been flooded to create artificial dams and reservoirs, and trees have started to be felled there too (see underwater logging). This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... ...

Logging and forestry

Horse Logging in Poland

The two main stakeholders in most logging operations are the landowner and the logging contractor. Prior to a large harvest a landowner will often hire a consulting forester. Owners of large industrial tracts may employ their own foresters. During planning for the harvest the forester will determine how best to meet the landowner's objectives, including the silvicultural system to be used, even-aged or uneven-aged management, layout of roads and landings. If a selection cut is planned the forester will mark the trees intended to be cut or if a clear cut which blocks are to be harvested. A well-managed forest will be harvested according to a forest management plan. This plan should include areas off-limits to cutting such as sensitive habitat, vernal pools and riparian zones. Image File history File linksMetadata Zrywka_drewna_w_Masywie_Śnieżnika_PL.jpg‎ Opis Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Logging Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or... Image File history File linksMetadata Zrywka_drewna_w_Masywie_Śnieżnika_PL.jpg‎ Opis Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Logging Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or... The term stakeholder has two distinct uses in the English language: The traditional usage, in law and notably gambling, a third party who temporarily holds money or property while its owner is still being determined. ... A forester is a person who is engaged in forestry by creating and managing forests. ... Silviculture is the art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forests to meet diverse needs and values of landowners and society on a sustainable basis. ... Selection cutting is the logging practice of removing mature timber or thinning to improve the timber stand. ... Deforestation, in general is the sustained removal of trees. ... Forest management includes a range of human interventions that affect forest ecosystems. ... Habitat (which is Latin for it inhabits) is the place where a particular species lives and grows. ... A typical vernal pool in the western U.S. A vernal pool is usually a shallow depression in level ground with no permanent above-ground outlet. ... A well maintained Riparian strip on a tributary to Lake Erie. ...

Logging methods

The above operations can be carried out by different methods, of which the following three are considered industrial methods:

Tree-length logging

Trees are felled and then delimbed and topped at the stump. The log is then transported to the landing, where it is bucked and loaded on a truck. This leaves the slash (and the nutrients it contains) in the cut area where it must be further treated if wildland fires are of concern.

Full-tree logging

Trees are felled and transported to the roadside with top and limbs intact. The trees are then delimbed, topped, and bucked at the landing. This method requires that slash be treated at the landing. In areas with access to cogeneration facilities, the slash can be chipped and used for the production of clean electricity or heat. Full-tree harvesting also refers to utilization of the entire tree including branches and tops. ^[1] This technique removes both nutrients and soil cover from the site and so can be harmful to the long term health of the area if no further action is taken.

Cut-to-length logging

Trees are felled, delimbed, bucked, and sorted (pulpwood, sawlog, etc.) at the stump area, leaving limbs and tops in the forest. Harvesters fell the tree, delimb and buck it, and place the resulting logs in bunks to be brought to the landing by the forwarder.

The Washington Iron Works Skidder in Nuniong is the only one of its kind in Australia, with engine, spars and cables still rigged for work

Bucking is the process of cutting a felled and delimbed tree into logs. ... Slash is a forestry term that refers to coarse and fine woody debris generated during logging operations or through wind, snow or other natural forest disturbances. ... Cut-to-length logging (CTL) is a system for mechanized forestry harvesting where trees are delimbed and cut to length directly at the stump area. ... Harvester in the Black Forest Harvester, type of heavy vehicle employed in cut-to-length logging operations for felling, delimbing and bucking trees. ... Delimbing is the process of removing side branches from the stem of a felled tree. ... Bucking is the process of cutting a felled and delimbed tree into logs. ... Forwarders are a type of vehicles used in cut-to-length logging operations for transporting logs to a roadside landing. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2250x933, 1177 KB) Washington Iron Works Skidder, the only steam powered engine of its kind in Australia. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2250x933, 1177 KB) Washington Iron Works Skidder, the only steam powered engine of its kind in Australia. ... Washington Winch The Washington Winch was imported to Australia in the 1920s. ...

Operations

Timber rafting to Vancouver, B.C.

A timber harvest can consist of the following operations, although not necessarily in the following order. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2304x3456, 5344 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Logging Log driving Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2304x3456, 5344 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Logging Log driving Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... Timber rafting is arguably the second cheapest method of transportation of timber, next after log driving. ... Vancouver (pronounced: ) is a city in south-western British Columbia, Canada. ... Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for use—from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial use—as structural material for construction or wood...

Pre-logging

Planning - Identifying optimal timing, access, and layout of harvest.

Permitting - Regulatory review can include public notification, environmental assessment, taxes, and fees.

Sale - Many timberland owners employ their own loggers, while others hire or sell the right to log to a logging company.

Accessing - Logging roads, logging camps, and weighing stations are built or repaired as needed.

Marking - The area or individual trees to be harvested are clearly identified.

Measuring - Assessing the volume of timber that will be produced by the harvest.

Marketing - Arranging supply contracts with timber customers, this may be undertaken through competitive sale methods or as part of a negotiation with preferred customers.

Logging

Felling - The standing tree is cut down or felled by chainsaw, harvester, or feller buncher.

Processing - The tree is turned into logs by removing the limbs (delimbing) and cutting it into logs of optimal length (bucking).

A helicopter moving cedar wood from the inside of a forest to a road.

Stump to landing - The felled tree or logs are moved from the stump to the landing. Ground vehicles can pull, carry, or shovel the logs. Cable systems can pull logs to the landing. Logs can also be flown to the landing by helicopter.

Landing to mill - The logs are commonly transported to the mill or port by truck, but in the past, this has been done by train, by driving the logs downstream, or by pulling them as a floating log raft.

Post-logging

Burning - Burning logging debris and other woody material on the site can reduce future fire risk and release nutrients.

Herbicide - Eliminating competing seedlings and brush to speed growth of the planted seedlings

Ground preparation - Cultivation of the soil to create suitable planting positions. This operation may include some element of land drainage in wet areas if soil saturation affects seedling survival / growth potential.

Replanting - Dropping seeds or manual planting of seedlings

Road deconstruction - Subsequent erosion and landsliding from old roads can be reduced by installing waterbars, pulling fill from stream crossings, and putting excavated materials back to reform the original topography.

Timberland has several meanings: Timberland a village in Lincolnshire. ... A logger is someone who is employed in the logging industry to cut down and transport trees to market. ... Truck load of ponderosa pine, Malheur National Forest, Oregon, USA, 1942 Logging roads are construced to provide access to the forest for logging and other forest management operations. ... A chainsaw (also spelled chain saw) is a portable mechanical, motorized saw. ... Harvester in the Black Forest Harvester, type of heavy vehicle employed in cut-to-length logging operations for felling, delimbing and bucking trees. ... Feller-buncher is a type of vehicle used in whole tree logging for cutting down trees and (optionally) accumulating them in piles suitable for skidders. ... Delimbing is the process of removing side branches from the stem of a felled tree. ... Bucking is the process of cutting a felled and delimbed tree into logs. ... A slip tongue log skidder used in the 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Forwarders are a type of vehicles used in cut-to-length logging operations for transporting logs to a roadside landing. ... Shovel logging uses a log loader to swing logs to the road. ... Cable logging is a logging method primarily used on the West Coast of North America with yarder, loaders and grapple yarders. ... hi A helicopter is an aircraft which is lifted and propelled by one or more horizontal rotors consisting of two or more rotor blades. ... A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Port. ... An SP freight train west of Chicago in 1992. ... Log driving was the main means of transport of logs in the early timber industry in North America. ... Timber rafting is arguably the second cheapest method of transportation of timber, next after log driving. ... A Prescribed burn is a forest management technique of purposeful burning to eliminate buildup of flammable forest products. ... Fire in San Bernardino, California Mountains (image taken from the International Space Station) A wildfire, also known as a forest fire, vegetation fire, grass fire, or bushfire (in Australasia), is an uncontrolled fire in wildland often caused by lightning; other common causes are human carelessness and arson. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Tillage (American English), or cultivation (UK) is the agricultural preparation of the soil to receive seeds. ... Treeplanting is an activity that belongs to a sector of the silviculture industry known as reforestation. ... Seedlings are a type of popular gumball that contains many mini-gumballs. ...

Logging and safety

Computerized heavy machinery log cutting increases capital costs, yield, productivity, and personnel safety

Logging is by some measures a dangerous occupation. Loggers work with heavy, moving weights and the use of tools such as chainsaws and heavy equipment on uneven and sometimes unstable terrain. Loggers also deal with severe environmental conditions such as inclement weather and severe heat or cold. An injured logger is often far from professional emergency treatment. The risks experienced in logging operations can be somewhat reduced, where conditions permit, by the use of mechanical tree harvesters and forwarders. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1600x1067, 608 KB) Machine which uses a computer system to cut a log to a specific size. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1600x1067, 608 KB) Machine which uses a computer system to cut a log to a specific size. ... Harvester in the Black Forest Harvester, type of heavy vehicle employed in cut-to-length logging operations for felling, delimbing and bucking trees. ... Forwarders are a type of vehicles used in cut-to-length logging operations for transporting logs to a roadside landing. ...

Logging and the environment

Grapple Skidder on a clearcut plot, Johnsonville, South Carolina.

The many impacts of logging on the environment can be divided into two broad categories, the timber harvest itself, that is, the removal of trees from the forest, and secondly by the disturbance caused by logging operations. logskidder on clearcut plot Image taken by me, released under GFDL Pollinator 05:34, 21 Mar 2004 (UTC) ( ) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... logskidder on clearcut plot Image taken by me, released under GFDL Pollinator 05:34, 21 Mar 2004 (UTC) ( ) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A slip tongue log skidder used in the 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Johnsonville is a city located in Florence County, South Carolina. ...

Impact of loss of trees

Removal of trees alters species composition, the structure of the forest, and can cause nutrient depletion. Loss of trees also can lead to habitat loss, prominently in high-value, ecologically sensitive lands. Loss of trees adjacent to streams can increase water temperatures. Harvesting adjacent to streams can increase sedimentation and turbidity in streams, lowering water quality and degrading riparian habitat. Some of the most clearly noticeable effects of large-scale clear-cutting, including effects on stream corridors, has been seen in the American Pacific Northwest, where endangered salmon spawning and rearing habitat has been damaged. A forest managed primarily for wood production will typically consist of young, vigorous, fast-growing trees. Such a forest may lack areas with late-succession characteristics, including older trees, required by some species. Good forest management requires that such areas be set aside to protect species that may be rare or endangered. Rainforests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on earth Biodiversity is the variation of taxonomic life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or for the entire Earth. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. ... A well maintained Riparian strip on a tributary to Lake Erie. ... The Pacific Northwest from space This page is about the region that includes parts of Canada and the United States. ... The critically endangered Siberian Tiger, a rare subspecies of tiger. ... Illustration of a male Coho Salmon The Chinook or King Salmon is the largest salmon in North America and can grow to 1. ... Frog spawn Spawning is the production or depositing of eggs in large numbers by aquatic animals. ... Old growth forest, sometimes called late seral forest or ancient forest is an area of forest that has attained great age and exhibits unique biological features. ...

Impact of logging operations

Modern ground based logging operations require the use of heavy machinery in the forest. In some areas roads must be built which often causes habitat fragmentation and increased edge effect. The use of heavy machinery in a forest can cause soil compaction. Harvesting on steep slopes can lead to erosion, landslides, and water turbidity. Logging on saturated soils can cause ruts and change drainage patterns. Harvest activity near wetlands or vernal pools can degrade the habitat. Forest machines use oils which, if not handled carefully, can cause pollution. Roadbuilding for access to timber in frontier forests often opens up areas previously not accessible, which facilitates further development such as farming. Logging roads and operations increase the risk of colonization of forest areas by invasive exotics, especially in the eastern North American hardwood and western evergreen forests (see also Gypsy moth). Soil compaction is a problem of fragile soils, particularly in Australia, through the use of heavy machinery and the hard hoofed mammals, fragile soils become compacted, losing aeration and becoming more resistent to absorbing rainfall, thus increasing runoff and gullying erosion. ... Severe soil erosion in a wheat field near Washington State University, USA. For erosion as understood by materials science, see Erosion (materials science) For erosion as an English analogy, see Erosion (figurative) For erosion as an operation of Mathematical morphology, see Erosion (morphology) Erosion is the displacement of solids (soil... This entry refers to the geological term landslide. ... Turbidity standards of 5, 50, and 500 NTU Turbidity is a cloudiness or haziness of water (or other fluid) caused by individual particles (suspended solids) that are generally invisible to the naked eye, thus being much like smoke in air. ... A subtropical wetland in Florida, USA, with an endangered American Crocodile. ... A typical vernal pool in the western U.S. A vernal pool is usually a shallow depression in level ground with no permanent above-ground outlet. ... Lantana invasion of abandoned citrus plantation; Moshav Sdey Hemed, Israel The term invasive species refers to a subset of introduced species or non-indigenous species that are rapidly expanding outside of their native range. ... Image:Fagus wood. ... A Silver Fir shoot showing three successive years of retained leaves In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant which retains its leaves year-round, with each leaf persisting for more than 12 months. ... Binomial name Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, 1758 The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is a moth in the family Lymantriidae of Eurasian origin. ...

Regeneration on a 15 year old clearcut

File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Mitigation

These problems can be mitigated by using low-impact logging and best management practices, which set standards for reducing erosion from roads. Damage to streams and lakes can be reduced by not harvesting riparian strips. Ecologically important lands are sometimes set aside as reserves. Technological advances in logging equipment are reducing ruts and soil disturbance. Processors and Forwarders with Caterpillar tracks or other designs to lower ground pressure help to reduce machine impact ^[2]. Best Practice is a management idea which asserts that there is a technique, method, process, activity, incentive or reward that is more effective at delivering a particular outcome than any other technique, method, process, etc. ... Truck load of ponderosa pine, Malheur National Forest, Oregon, USA, 1942 Logging roads are construced to provide access to the forest for logging and other forest management operations. ... Riparian strips consist of growth left in or near water courses particularly in clearfelling logging operations. ... Harvester in the Black Forest Harvester, type of heavy vehicle employed in cut-to-length logging operations for felling, delimbing and bucking trees. ... Forwarders are a type of vehicles used in cut-to-length logging operations for transporting logs to a roadside landing. ... U.S. M60 Patton tank. ...

Benefits

Logging can also have positive effects on the environment by removing damaged or diseased trees or both, and opening up the canopy to promote growth of smaller, healthier trees. Branches, snags, and other non-marketable parts of the tree provide shelter for wildlife. Underbrush that would not otherwise grow due to lack of sunlight thrives, and is an important food source for browsing mammals. Select cutting can improve the forest and bring to market trees that would otherwise decompose. In the 19th and early 20th century, logged over areas were sometimes sold or donated to the state, or forfeited for back taxes. Following the maturation of new growth, usually of different tree species, this acreage became the basis of certain outstanding recreation areas, including the White Mountain National Forest. A Coast Douglas-fir snag provides nest cavities for birds In forest ecology, a snag refers to a standing, partly or completely dead tree, often missing a top or most of the smaller branches. ... Various species of deer are commonly seen wildlife across the Americas and Eurasia. ... Map of White Mountains National Forest. ...

Criticism of the logging industry

The logging industry is often portrayed[1] in the media, popular culture and by many environmental groups as an ecologically destructive practice. While logging is the cause of severe environmental degradation in some areas, notably tropical forests, logging can be done in a manner that minimizes harm to the environment. In developed countries agriculture, livestock grazing, mineral mining, the petroleum industry and urban sprawl are greater contributors to deforestation and ecological degradation than is the timber industry. As an example, Mary M. Berlik, David B. Kittredge and David R. Foster of Harvard University^[3] cite that a house built out of steel, plastic and concrete has a higher life cycle assessment or life-cycle cost and requires more energy and non-renewable resources to produce than a house built with wood products. It has also been contended that logging bans, without a decrease in demand for wood products, simply shifts harvests to other areas^[4] Popular culture, sometimes called pop culture, (literally: the culture of the people) consists of widespread cultural elements in any given society. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... This article is about mineral extraction. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Lubbock, Texas Ignacy Łukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... Urban sprawl (also: suburban sprawl), a term with pejorative implication, refers to the unplanned, rapid and expansive growth of a greater metropolitan area, traditionally suburbs (or exurbs) over a large area. ... The steel cable of a colliery winding tower. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Concrete being poured, raked and vibrated into place in residential construction in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... It has been suggested that NMVOC be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Total cost of ownership. ...

Unsustainable Logging

In developed countries, most timber harvests are carried out in a way that attempts to minimize the environmental impact and to maintain the long-term productivity of the forest. In some forests, management has focused less on trees as a crop and more on "multiple-use" in which forest are managed for recreation, habitat and watershed protection. In some developing countries, timber harvesting is often performed without regard to environmental harm or future forest productivity. Unsustainable logging practices and illegal logging are responsible for the degradation of habitat and watersheds. Construction of logging roads into the world's remaining primary forest opens areas for degradation or conversion to other uses. In tropical forest, reducing the impact of logging is a high priority for many environmental organizations. Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in violation of national laws. ...

Unsustainable and unregulated logging in the United States during the late 19th century and early 20th century was part of the impetus in creating national forests.

Logging roads

Truck load of ponderosa pine, Malheur National Forest, Oregon, 1942

Main article: Logging roads

Logging roads are constructed to provide access to the forest for logging and other forest management operations. These are commonly narrow and unpaved. Logging trucks, which, when loaded, can carry up to 25,000 kg are generally given right of way. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2000x1489, 1241 KB)TITLE: Truck load of ponderosa pine, Edward Hines Lumber Co. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2000x1489, 1241 KB)TITLE: Truck load of ponderosa pine, Edward Hines Lumber Co. ... Binomial name Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) is a widespread and very variable pine native to western North America. ... The Malheur National Forest contains 1. ... Official language(s) None Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 9th  - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 2. ... Truck load of ponderosa pine, Malheur National Forest, Oregon, USA, 1942 Logging roads are construced to provide access to the forest for logging and other forest management operations. ...

Logging roads are often the major source of sediment from logging operations. Construction of these roads, especially on steep slopes, can increase the risk of erosion and landslides. This can increase downstream sedimentation and can continue long after operations are completed in the area. The decommissioning of these roads involves the restoring of natural habitat, which can cost as much as the original road construction. Severe soil erosion in a wheat field near Washington State University, USA. For erosion as understood by materials science, see Erosion (materials science) For erosion as an English analogy, see Erosion (figurative) For erosion as an operation of Mathematical morphology, see Erosion (morphology) Erosion is the displacement of solids (soil... This entry refers to the geological term landslide. ...

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Logging

Look up logging in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Cable Logging
• Clear-cutting
• Cut-to-length logging
• Deforestation
• Forestry
• Illegal logging
• List of heritage railways,#Alaska
• Log driving
• Logging roads
• Lumberjack
• Old growth
• Stream
• Timber
• Water resources
• Workplace safety
• Underwater logging

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (from wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ... Cable logging is a logging method primarily used on the West Coast of North America with yarder, loaders and grapple yarders. ... Deforestation, in general is the sustained removal of trees. ... Cut-to-length logging (CTL) is a system for mechanized forestry harvesting where trees are delimbed and cut to length directly at the stump area. ... Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land use such as arable land, pasture, urban use, logged area or wasteland. ... A decidous beech forest in Slovenia. ... Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in violation of national laws. ... List of heritage railways is a comprehensive listing of heritage railways. ... List of heritage railways is a comprehensive listing of heritage railways. ... Log driving was the main means of transport of logs in the early timber industry in North America. ... Truck load of ponderosa pine, Malheur National Forest, Oregon, USA, 1942 Logging roads are construced to provide access to the forest for logging and other forest management operations. ... Lumberjacks in Oregon, c. ... Old growth forest, sometimes called late seral forest or ancient forest is an area of forest that has attained great age and exhibits unique biological features. ... Butchers Creek, Omeo, Victoria A stream, brook, beck, burn or creek, is a body of water with a detectable current, confined within a bed and banks. ... Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for use—from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial use—as structural material for construction or wood... Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to humans. ... Workplace safety is an important management responsibility in industry. ...

Sources

• The Illusion of Preservation. Harvard Forestry
• Digging into the work fatality puzzle

Notes and References

1. ^ ceres.ca.gov
2. ^ Forestry Commission Technical Note 11
3. ^ Harvard Forestry
4. ^ Berlik, J.

External links

• Forest Resources Association, Inc.
• A Large Searchable Digital collection of Historical Logging Images University of Washington Libraries: Digital Collections:
  • Darius Kinsey Photographs Images from the period 1890-1939, documenting the logging industry in Washington State. Includes images of loggers and logging camps, skid roads, donkey engines, loading operations, logging trucks and railroads.
  • Clark Kinsey Photographs Over 1000 images by commercial photographer Clark Kinsey documenting the logging and milling camps and other forest related activities in Washington State, ca. 1910-1945.
  • Industry and Occupations Photographs An ongoing and expanding collection devoted to the workers in the Pacific Northwest from 1880s-1940s. Many occupations and industries are represented including the logging and lumber industry.
  • Man to Machine: Peninsula Logging Online museum exhibit based upon the Clark Kinsey Logging Photographs Collection and the recollections of Harry C. Hall, who worked as a logger on the Olympic Peninsula in the early 1900s. Includes a video on the Hobi family logging history (late 1800s – early 1900s).

• Hubbard Brook Experimental ForestStudy of logging effects on watersheds
• America's Only National Logging & Forestry Magazine
• Logging Practices: Principles of Timber Harvesting Systems
• Movie of logging in Maine, 1906
• VanNatta Logging History Museum of Northwest Oregon
• Forestry Code in Russia: to rent but not to own
• US blocks forest protection plan