A luminophore is an atom or atomic grouping in an organic compound that manifests luminescence (chemoluminescence). It should be stressed that the correct, textbook terminology is luminophore, not lumophore, although the latter term has been frequently but erroneously used in the chemical literature. An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon, with exception of carbides, carbonates and carbon oxides. ... Luminescence is a general term for any emission of light not caused only by a high temperature. ... Lightsticks Chemoluminescence (sometimes chemiluminescence) is the emission of light (luminescence) as the result of a chemical reaction. ...

Luminophores, which are generally a subcategory of chromophores, can in turn be divided into two subcategories: fluorophores and phosphors. The difference between luminophores belonging to these two subcategories is derived from the nature of the excited state responsible for the emission of photons. Some luminophores, however, cannot be classified as being exclusively fluorophores or phosphors and exist in the gray area in between. Such cases include transition metal complexes (such as ruthenium tris-bipyridine) whose luminescence comes from an excited (nominally triplet) metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state, but which is not a true triplet-state in the strict sense of the definition. Chromophore is a term that describes the moiety of a molecule responsible for its color. ... A fluorophore is a component of a molecule which causes a molecule to be fluorescent. ... A phosphor is a substance that can exhibit the phenomenon of fluorescence (glowing during absorption of radiation of another kind) or phosphorescence (sustained glowing without further stimulus). ... In quantum mechanics, an excited state of a system (such as an atom, molecule or nucleus) is any quantum state of the system that has a higher energy than the ground state (that is, more energy than the absolute minimum). ... For the Science Fiction weapon, as seen in Star Trek, see Photon torpedo. ... A fluorophore is a component of a molecule which causes a molecule to be fluorescent. ... A phosphor is a substance that can exhibit the phenomenon of fluorescence (glowing during absorption of radiation of another kind) or phosphorescence (sustained glowing without further stimulus). ... In chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings: It commonly refers to any element in the d-block of the periodic table, including zinc and scandium. ... General Name, Symbol, Number ruthenium, Ru, 44 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 5, d Appearance silvery white metallic Atomic mass 101. ... Bipyridine is one of the simplest polypyridine compounds. ...

Most luminophores typically consist of conjugated pi systems or transition metal complexes. Luminophores can be observed in action in organic light-emitting diodes and bioluminescence. A chemically conjugated system, is a system of atoms covalently bonded with alternating single and double bonds (e. ... In chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings: It commonly refers to any element in the d-block of the periodic table, including zinc and scandium. ... One of the more useful attributes of an OLED display is its flexibility. ... Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism as the result of a chemical reaction during which chemical energy is converted to light energy. ...