Lupo II^[1] (died 778) is the third-attested historical duke of Gascony (dux Vasconum or princeps^[2]), appearing in history for the first time in 769. The ancestors of Lupo II have yet to be unanimously agreed upon. One claim is that Lupo is related to dukes Odo the Great and Hunald of Aquitaine, but there is no known surviving evidence.^[3] Events Charlemagne fights the Moors in Spain. ... Gascony (French: Gascogne, pronounced  ; Gascon: Gasconha, pronounced ) is an area of southwest France that constituted a royal province prior to the French Revolution. ... Pope Stephen III holds a council. ... Odo the Great (a. ... Hunald (a. ...

In 769, a final rising of the Aquitanians against Charlemagne and Carloman was put down and the rebel, Hunald (either the same Hunald as above or another), was forced to flee to the court of Lupo in Gascony. Lupo had thitherto been his ally, lending him Gascon troops.^[4] Lupo, however, did not desire to bring down upon himself the wrath of the Frankish kings and handed Hunald, along with his wife, over to Charlemagne. He himself did homage for his province, recognising Charlemagne's suzerainty.^[5] Pope Stephen III holds a council. ... Charlemagne (left) and Pippin the Hunchback. ... Carloman (751 - December 4, 771) was a King of the Franks (768 - 771). ...

Lupo may have been a Basque, but perhaps a Frank or Roman (Aquitanian). He may have been a royal appointment of Pepin III (in 768),^[6] but he may have been elected duke by the people. The extent of his territory is unknown. He may have ruled all of Aquitaine after 769, but that is not likely. His Gascony did border the Agenais and its northern border seems to have been the Garonne.^[7] Bordeaux was not under his control, but that of a separate line of Carolingian-appointed counts.^[8] His power may or may not have extended to the Pyrenees, but the trans-Pyrenean Basques were also under Carolingian suzerainty, as seen by Einhard's reference to Basque perfidia (treachery) at Roncesvalles. This region may have been part of Lupo's realm.^[9] Lupo has nevertheless been implicated by some historians in the ambush of Roland.^[10] Languages Basque - few monoglots Spanish - 1,525,000 monoglots French - 150,000 monoglots Basque-Spanish - 600,000 speakers Basque-French - 76,000 speakers [4] other native languages Religions Traditionally Roman Catholic The Basques (Basque: ) are an indigenous people[5] who inhabit parts of northeastern Spain and southwestern France. ... This article is about the Frankish people and society. ... This article covers the culture of Romanized areas of Gaul. ... Pepin III (714 - September 24, 768) more often known as Pepin the Short (French, Pépin le Bref; German, Pippin der Kleine), was a King of the Franks (751 - 768). ... // Death of Pepin the Short (714 - 768), king of the Franks since 751. ... Agenais, or Agenois, was a former province of France located in southwest France south of Périgord. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... City logo (traditional tri-crescent) City coat of arms Motto: The fleur-de-lis alone rules over the moon, the waves, the castle, and the lion Location Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Coordinates Administration Country Region Aquitaine Department Gironde (33) Intercommunality Urban Community of Bordeaux Mayor Alain Juppé (UMP) (since... Pic de Bugatetin the Néouvielle Natural Reserve Central Pyrenees For the mountains in Victoria, Australia, see Pyrenees (Victoria). ... Einhard as scribe Einhard (also Eginhard or Einhart) (c. ... The Roncevaux Pass (Roncesvaux in English, Roncesvalles in Spanish, Orreaga in Basque) is the site of a famous battle in 778 in which Hroudland (later changed to Roland), prefect of Brittany March was defeated by the Basques. ... This article is about the legendary figure. ...

He died probably in 778.^[11] His relationship to the previous dukes of Aquitaine-Vasconia and his successors is unclear. If he is to be regarded as related to subsequent Gascon dukes, which seems reasonable on the basis of patronymics, a genealogy can easily be constructed.^[12] He was the father of Sancho, Seguin, Centule, and García (Garsand). All of his sons ruled Gascony at one time or another except García, who died in battle with Berengar of Toulouse in 819.^[13] He may have had another son named Adalric, who was active in the reign of Chorso of Toulouse. Sancho I or Lupus Sancho (also Lupo; Basque: Antso Otsoa,[1] French: Sanche Loup, Gascony: Sans Lop, Spanish: Sancho Lobo or Lope) was a Duke of Gascony between the years 801 and 812. ... Seguin I Lupo[1] was Duke of Gascony from 812 to 816,[2] when Louis the Pious deposed him. ... Lupo III Centule (Basque: Otsoa Wasco, French: Loup Centulle, Gascon: Lop Centullo, Latin: Lupus Centullus, Spanish: Lope or Lobo Centulo; diedcirca 820) was the Duke of Gascony briefly from 818 until his deposition by Pepin I of Aquitaine in 819. ... Berengar, called the Wise (Berengarius Sapiens), was the count (or duke) of Toulouse (814-835) and duke (or margrave) of Septimania (832-835). ... Events The Abbasid capital is moved back to Baghdad Louis the Pious marries Judith Welf Births Deaths Categories: 819 ... Adalric was a Frankish or Basque[1] count in the late eighth century in Gascony. ... Torson (known variously as Tercin, Torso, Chorso, and Chorson) was the first count (or duke) of Toulouse (778 – 789 or 790). ...

Notes

1. ^ His name has many variants in other languages: Basque: Otsoa, French: Loup, Gascony: Lop, Latin: Lupus, Spanish: Lobo or Lope. It is the basis of the patronymic López. It may have been a Latinisation of the Basque word for "wolf", otso. However, it is an acceptable Latin or Frankish name in its own right.
2. ^ "Astronomus", Vita Hludovici.
3. ^ The Charte d'Alaon is spurious. This discredits much of Monlezun's research.
4. ^ Lewis, p 26.
5. ^ Einhard.
6. ^ Collins, p 110.
7. ^ Lewis, p 28.
8. ^ Ibid, p 38.
9. ^ Collins, p 121, disagrees. As does Lacarra, pp 14 – 20, who separates Aquitaine, Gascony, the Narbonensis, and the Spanish Basque Country.
10. ^ Lewis, p 38.
11. ^ Collins, p 128. Estornés. FMG gives 775.
12. ^ Ibid, p 130.
13. ^ Ibid, p 129.

Basque (native name: euskara) is the language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain and the adjoining region of South-Western France. ... Gascon (Gascon, ; French, ) is a dialect of the Occitan language. ... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Vita Hludovici or Vita Hludovici Imperatoris is a biography of Louis the Pious, Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Franks from 814 to 840. ... The Charte dAlaon is a spurious and fraudulent charter purporting to provide a genealogy of the house of Odo the Great, Duke of Aquitaine (715 – 735). ... Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis, 120 AD Gallia Narbonensis was a Roman province located in what is now Provence in southern France. ... Capital Vitoria-Gasteiz Official languages Basque and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 14th  7 234 km²  1,4% Population  â€“ Total (2003)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked 7th  2 108 281  5,0%  291,44/km² Demonym  â€“ English  â€“ Basque  â€“ Spanish  Basque  euskal herritar, euskaldun  vasco/a, vascongado/a Statute of Autonomy... Estimation: Baghdad, capital of the Abbasid Empire, becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Changan, capital of China. ...

Sources

• Collins, Roger. The Basques. Blackwell Publishing: London, 1990.
• Einhard. Vita Karoli Magni. Translated by Samuel Epes Turner. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1880.
• Lewis, Archibald R. The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.
• Lacarra, J. Vasconia medieval: Historia y Filología.
• Wallace-Hadrill, J. M., translator. The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar with its Continuations. Greenwood Press: Connecticut, 1960.
• Estornés Lasa, Bernardo. Auñamendi Encyclopedia: Ducado de Vasconia.
• Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: Gascony.
• Annales Laurissense, in Mon. Gen. Hist. Scriptores, I, 148.
• "Astronomus", Vita Hludovici imperatoris, ed. G. Pertz, ch. 2, in Mon. Gen. Hist. Scriptores, II, 608.
• Sedycias, João. História da Língua Espanhola.
• Monlezun, Jean Justin. Histoire de la Gascogne. 1864.