The Lý Dynasty (Vietnamese: nhà Lý, pronounced like Lee), sometimes known as the Posterior Lý Dynasty (nhà Hậu Lý), was a Vietnamese dynasty that began in 1009 when Lý Thái Tổ overthrew the Anterior Lê Dynasty (nhà Tiền Lê) and ended in 1225 when the queen Lý Chiêu Hoàng (then 8 years old) was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of her husband, Trần Cảnh. They ruled Vietnam for a total of 216 years. During Lý Thánh Tông's reign, the official name of Vietnam became Đại Việt. Events February 14: First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Events Births Thomas Aquinas, Christian philosopher and theologian (d. ... Motto: Độc lập – Tá»± do – Hạnh phúc (Independence, freedom, happiness) Anthem: Tiến Quân Ca Capital Hanoi Largest city Ho Chi Minh City Official language(s) Vietnamese Government Communist single-party state  - General Secretary Nông Ðức Mạnh  - President Nguyá»…n Minh Triết  - Prime...

History of Vietnam series

Hồng Bàng | Hung Lords According to Vietnamese legends, the History of Vietnam dates back more than 4,000 years. ... Blank map of Vietnamese provinces. ... The Hong Bang Dynasty is a dynasty that ruled in Vietnam for over 2000 years, until the third century B.C. Its founder was Hung Vuong. ... An Dương Vương (257–207 BC) Triệu Dynasty (207–110 BC) First Chinese domination (110 BC–AD 40) The Trưng Sisters' revolt (40–43) Second Chinese domination (43–544) Lý Nam Đế (544–548) Lý Thiên Bảo (548) Triệu Việt Vương (548–570) Latter Hau Lý Nam Đế (571–602) Third Chinese domination (602–906) The Khuc family (906 - 923) Ngô Dynasty (939–967) Đinh Dynasty (968–980) Anterior Lê Dynasty (980–1009) Lý Dynasty (1009–1225) Trần Dynasty (1225–1400) Hồ Dynasty (1400–1406) Fourth Chinese domination (1406–1427) Later Lê Dynasty (1428–1527) Mạc Dynasty (1527–1532) Trinh Lords (1533–1789) Nguyễn Lords (1558–1775) Tây Sơn Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyễn Dynasty (1802–1945) Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1976) State of Vietnam (1949–1955) Republic of Vietnam (1955–1975) Republic of South Vietnam (1975–1976) Vietnam War (Second Indochina War) Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–Present) edit

The Vietnamese Thuc Dynasty has only one ruler, Thuc Phan himself, who proclaimed himself king An DÆ°Æ¡ng VÆ°Æ¡ng. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Nam Việt. ... Nam Việt or Nanyue (Chinese: 南越; pinyin: ) was an ancient kingdom that consisted much of modern northern Vietnam and the Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi. ... Procession commemorating the TrÆ°ng Sisters in the early 20th century The TrÆ°ng Sisters, known in Vietnamese as Hai Bà TrÆ°ng (the two TrÆ°ng ladies), are two 1st century women regarded as national heroines of Vietnam after they successfully repelled Chinese invasions for three years. ... Lý Nam Đế (Lý, The Southern Emperor) was originally Lý Bi or Lý Bon (October 17, 503 - April 13, 548) is debateably considered the first emperor of Vietnam and the founder of the Early Lý (or Li/Lee) Dynasty (544 - 603) and ruled from Feb. ... Ly Thien Bao (548 A.D. - 555 A.D.) This reign is only ephemereal. ... Trieu Viet Vuong (548-570) Realizing the strength of the Chinese army, Trieu Quang Phuc retreated back to a more favorable terrain where he could employ guerilla warfare and a war of attrition against the enemy. ... Around the year 930 AD, as Ngô Quyen (吳權) rose to power, northern Vietnam was a province and vassal state of China and was referred to as Giao Chi (交趾). Every year the governor/administrator of Giao Chi had to pay tribute and give offerings to China. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Trần Dynasty (陳朝 Trần Triều; or vernacularly Nhà Trần, meaning the Trần House) was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that time known as Đại Việt) from 1225 to 1400. ... The Hồ Dynasty was a short-lived seven-year reign of two emperors, Hồ Quý Lý in 1400 who, after 9 months of reign, gave the throne to his second son, Hồ Han Thuong, who reigned from 1400 till 1407, a habit from the previous Tran Dynasty to bequest the... The fourth Chinese domination was a period of the history of Vietnam, from 1406 to 1428, upon which, the country was ruled by the Ming administration. ... // Lê Lợi (1382-1433), emperor Lê Thai To(1428-1433) Background and aspiration Lê Lợi came from a family of wealthy landowners. ... The Mac Dynasty. ... Trinh Lords (1553 - 1789) A series of rulers of Vietnam who controlled the powers of government while leaving a figurhead as king. ... The Nguyen Lords (1558 - 1775) were a series of rulers of Southern Vietnam. ... The name of Tây SÆ¡n is used in many ways referring back to the period of peasant rebellions and decentralized dynasties established between the eras of the Lê and Nguyá»…n dynasties in history of Vietnam. ... The Nguyá»…n Dynasty (阮朝) (for a full explanation on how to pronounce Nguyá»…n, see Nguyen) was a line of rulers of Vietnam in the 19th century to mid-20th century. ... The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cá»™ng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, September 2nd1945 and was recognized by the Peoples Republic of China and the... Motto: None Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon First Chief Emperor Bao Dai Last Chief Ngo Dinh Diem Rule Area South Vietnam (1954-) Independence  - Provisional  - Declared  - Recognised  - Dissolved From Franch rule May 27, 1948 June 14, 1949 1954 October 26, 1955 Currency Piastre National anthem Call to the Citizens Caution: The... Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon Last President Duong Van Minh Last Prime Minister Vu Van Mau Area  - Total  - % water 173,809 km² N/A Population  - Total  - Density 19,370,000 (1973 est. ... Map of the Republic of South Vietnam. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) United States of America South Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand the Philippines Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) National Liberation Front (Viet Cong) Strength ~1,200,000 (1968) ~420,000 (1968) Casualties South Vietnamese dead: 230,000 South Vietnamese wounded: 300,000 US dead...

History

The person who began the Lý Dynasty was Lý Công Uẩn. The Lý was the first Vietnamese dynasty that was able to hold onto power for more than several decades, allowing them to secure and expand the territory. Domestically, while the Lý kings were devout Buddhists, the influence of Confucianism from China was on the rise, with the opening of the first University in Vietnam in 1070 (Temple of Literature) for selection of civil servants who are not from noble families. Politically, they created a system of administration based on rule of law rather than on autocratic principles. The fact that they chose the Đại La Citadel as the capital (later renamed Thăng Long and subsequently Hà Nội) showed that they held onto power due to economic strength and were liked by their subjects rather than by military means like prior dynasties. Buddhism is a religion and philosophy focusing on the teachings of the Buddha Śākyamuni (Siddhārtha Gautama). ... Confucianist temple Thian Hock Keng in Singapore Confucianism (Chinese: å„’å­¦, Pinyin: Rúxué‚ [ ] , literally The School of the Scholars; or, less accurately, 孔教 Kŏng jiào, The Religion of Confucius) is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the early Chinese sage Confucius. ... Events Hereward the Wake begins a Saxon revolt in the Fens of eastern England. ... Van Mieu (Văn Miếu, 文廟) or Temple of Literature is a historic site situated in Hanoi, Vietnam. ... Hanoi (Vietnamese: Hà Ná»™i; Han tu: 河内), estimated population 3,083,800 (2004), is the capital of Vietnam and was the capital of North Vietnam from 1954 to 1976. ...

Following the death of Dinh Bo Linh in 979, the Song rulers attempted to reassert Chinese control over Vietnam. Le Hoan, the commander in chief of Dinh Bo Linh's army, seized the throne and successfully repulsed the Chinese army in 981. Ly Cong Uan, a former temple orphan who had risen to commander of the palace guard, succeeded Le Hoan in 1009, thereby founding the great Ly dynasty. He took the reign name Ly Thai To. The early Ly kings established a prosperous state with a stable monarchy at the head of a centralized administration. The name of the country was changed to Dai Viet by Emperor Ly Thanh Tong in 1054. The Song Dynasty (Chinese: ) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ...

The first century of Ly rule was marked by warfare with China and the two Indianized kingdoms to the south, Cambodia and Champa. After these threats were dealt with successfully, the second century of Ly rule was relatively peaceful enabling the Ly kings to establish a Buddhist ruling tradition closely related to the other Southeast Asian Buddhist kingdoms of that period. Buddhism became a kind of state religion as members of the royal family and the nobility made pilgrimages, supported the building of pagodas, sometimes even entered monastic life, and otherwise took an active part in Buddhist practices. Bonzes became a privileged landed class, exempt from taxes and military duty. At the same time, Buddhism, in an increasingly Vietnamized form associated with magic, spirits, and medicine, grew in popularity with the people.

During the Ly dynasty, the Vietnamese began their long march to the south (nam tien) at the expense of the Cham and the Khmer. Le Hoan had sacked the Cham capital of Indrapura in 982, whereupon the Cham established a new capital at Vijaya. This was captured twice by the Vietnamese, however, and in 1079 the Cham were forced to cede to the Ly rulers their three northern provinces. Soon afterwards, Vietnamese peasants began moving into the untilled former Cham lands, turning them into rice fields and moving relentlessly southward, delta by delta, along the narrow coastal plain. The Ly kings supported the improvement of Vietnam's agricultural system by constructing and repairing dikes and canals and by allowing soldiers to return to their villages to work for six months of each year. As their territory and population expanded, the Ly kings looked to China as a model for organizing a strong, centrally administered state. Minor officials were chosen by examination for the first time in 1075, and a civil service training institute and an imperial academy were set up in 1076. In 1089 a fixed hierarchy of state officials was established, with nine degrees of civil and military scholarofficials . Examinations for public office were made compulsory, and literary competitions were held to determine the grades of officials.

Resistance against the Song Dynasty

In foreign relations with the Song Dynasty in China during the Lý Dynasty, Vietnam acted as a vassal state, although at its zenith it had sent troops into Chinese territory to fight the Song. The Song Dynasty (Chinese: ) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ...

In 1075, Wang Anshi, the prime minister, told the Song emperor that Đại Việt was being destroyed by Champa, with less than ten thousand soldiers surviving, hence it would be a good occasion to annex Đại Việt. The Song emperor mobilized troops, passed decree to forbid all the provinces to trade with Đại Việt. Upon hearing the news, the Lý ruler sent Lý Thường Kiệt and Tông Đản with more than 100,000 troops to China to meet the Song troops. In the ensuing 40-day battle near modern-day Nanning, the Đại Việt troops were victorious, killing hundred of thousands of soldiers as well as others and capturing the generals of three Song armies. In 1076, the Songs formed an alliance with Champa and Chenla and sent troops to invade Đại Việt. Lý Nhân Tông sent, again, Lý Thường Kiệt. Being one of the many great military strategists of Vietnam, Lý Thường Kiệt had placed spikes under the Như Nguyệt River before tricking the Song troops into the deadly trap, killing more than 1,000 Chinese soldiers and forcing the Chinese to retreat. According to legends, during this time Lý Thường Kiệt had also composed the famous poem Nam quốc sơn hà (Rivers and Mountains of the South Nation), which asserted the sovereignty of Vietnam over its land. This poem is considered the first Vietnamese Declaration of independence. Events Revolt of the Earls. ... Wáng Ānshí (王安石) (1021 - 1086) was a Chinese economist, statesman and poet of the Song Dynasty who attempted some controversial, major socio-economic reforms. ... Rough location of Champas core territories. ... position in Guangxi Nanning (Simplified Chinese: 南宁; Traditional Chinese: 南寧; Pinyin: Nánníng) is the capital of Guangxi autonomous region in southern China. ... Chenla - known also as Zhenla - （真腊） was an early kingdom of Cambodia. ... Ly Nhan Tong, or Ly Nhon Ton, (1066-1127) was the emperor of Vietnam from 1072 to 1127. ... A declaration of independence is a proclamation of the independence of an aspiring state or states. ...

Socio-economic conditions

Administration

In 1010, Lý Thái Tổ changed the 10 đạo subdivisions into 24 lộ. The lộ was possibly subdivided into châu (in mountainous areas) or phủ (in the lowlands). The châu and phủ were further subdivided itno huyện and giáp, and under them hương and ấp.

Civil service system

At the central level, under the king were the Thái positions: Tam thái for the three literary mandarins (Thái sư, Thái bảo and Thái phó), and Thái úy for the martial mandarin. Under the Tháis were the Thiếu positions like Thiếu sư, Thiếu bảo, Thiếu phó, and Thiếu úy.

Law

During the Lý Dynasty, laws in Đại Việt were primarily based on royal proclamations, although a body of law composing of civil laws, criminal laws, litigation laws, and laws dealing with marriage existed. However, because the Lý rulers were devout Buddhists, the punishments during this era were not very severe.

Economy

Foreign relations

Religion

Period of decline

Expatriate to Korea

Ly rulers

Temple names (Traditional Chinese: 廟號 Simplified Chinese: 庙号 Pinyin: miào hào;), are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Vietnamese (such dynasties as Tran,Anterior Lê and Nguyen Dynasty) and most Korean rulers of the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties. ... See also: ERA (disambiguation page). ... A posthumous name (Traditional Chinese: 諡號/謚號 Simplified Chinese: 谥号; Pinyin: shì hào; Romaji: shigō/tsuigō; Revised Romanization of Korean: siho) is a honorary name given to royalty in some cultures posthumously, that is, after the persons death. ... Events Antipope Boniface VII succeeds Pope Benedict VI. The Byzantine Empire retakes Syria including Aleppo from the Abbasids. ... Events November 12 - Dying Emperor Constantine VIII of the Byzantine Empire marries his daughter Zoe of Byzantium to his chosen heir Romanus Argyrus. ... Events February 14: First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. ... Events November 12 - Dying Emperor Constantine VIII of the Byzantine Empire marries his daughter Zoe of Byzantium to his chosen heir Romanus Argyrus. ... // Events World Population 300 million. ... Events Cardinal Humbertus, a representative of Pope Leo IX, and Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, decree each others excommunication. ... Events November 12 - Dying Emperor Constantine VIII of the Byzantine Empire marries his daughter Zoe of Byzantium to his chosen heir Romanus Argyrus. ... Events Cardinal Humbertus, a representative of Pope Leo IX, and Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, decree each others excommunication. ... Events The Judge-Governor of Sevilla takes advantage of the disintegration of the caliphate of Córdoba and seizes power as Abbad I, thus founded the Abbadid dynasty. ... Events William I of England invades Scotland, and also receives the submission of Hereward the Wake. ... Events Cardinal Humbertus, a representative of Pope Leo IX, and Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, decree each others excommunication. ... Events William I of England invades Scotland, and also receives the submission of Hereward the Wake. ... Ly Nhan Tong, or Ly Nhon Ton, (1066-1127) was the emperor of Vietnam from 1072 to 1127. ... Events January 6 - Harold II is crowned September 20 - Battle of Fulford September 25 - Battle of Stamford Bridge September 29 - William of Normandy lands in England at Pevensey. ... Events Conrad III establishes the Hohenstaufen dynasty when he is crowned antiking to the Holy Roman Emperor, Lothair II. First coalition of the Norman princes against Roger II of Sicily. ... Events William I of England invades Scotland, and also receives the submission of Hereward the Wake. ... Events Conrad III establishes the Hohenstaufen dynasty when he is crowned antiking to the Holy Roman Emperor, Lothair II. First coalition of the Norman princes against Roger II of Sicily. ... Events Baldwin I of Jerusalem undertakes an invasion of Egypt The modern book of separate pages stitched together is invented in China Construction starts on the Chennkesava temple The Aztecs leave Aztlán searching for the site of what will eventually become Tenochtitlán and later Mexico City Births Deaths... Events Robert Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Events Pope Honorius II recognizes and confirms the Order of the Knights Templar. ... Events Robert Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Events Completion of the Saint Denis Basilica in Paris Peter Abelard writes the Historia Calamitatum, detailing his relationship with Heloise People of Novgorod rebel against the hereditary prince Vsevolod and depose him Births Amalric I of Jerusalem William of Newburgh, English historian (died 1198) Deaths November 15 - Margrave Leopold III... Events Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (Rory OConner), last High King of Ireland, submits to Henry II as vassal of Ireland with the Treaty of Windsor Ly Cao Ton becomes ruler of Vietnam William of Tyre becomes archbishop of Tyre Massacre of Abergavenny ends with several noblemen dead at the hands... Events Robert Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Events Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (Rory OConner), last High King of Ireland, submits to Henry II as vassal of Ireland with the Treaty of Windsor Ly Cao Ton becomes ruler of Vietnam William of Tyre becomes archbishop of Tyre Massacre of Abergavenny ends with several noblemen dead at the hands... Events Canonization of Saint Thomas à Becket, buried at Canterbury August 9th - Construction starts on the Leaning tower of Pisa Castle at Abergavenny was seized by the Welsh. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Tsuchimikado, emperor of Japan Emperor Juntoku ascends to the throne of Japan Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor excommunicated by Pope Innocent III for invading southern Italy in 1210 Gottfried von Strassburg writes his epic poem Tristan about 1210 Beginning of Delhi Sultanate Births... Events Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (Rory OConner), last High King of Ireland, submits to Henry II as vassal of Ireland with the Treaty of Windsor Ly Cao Ton becomes ruler of Vietnam William of Tyre becomes archbishop of Tyre Massacre of Abergavenny ends with several noblemen dead at the hands... Events End of the reign of Emperor Tsuchimikado, emperor of Japan Emperor Juntoku ascends to the throne of Japan Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor excommunicated by Pope Innocent III for invading southern Italy in 1210 Gottfried von Strassburg writes his epic poem Tristan about 1210 Beginning of Delhi Sultanate Births... Events November 20 - Palermo falls to Henry VI, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire December 25 - Henry VI is crowned king of Sicily. ... Events Carmelite Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II calls Imperial Diet of Cremona Births June 21 - King Boleslaus V of Poland (died 1279) Abul-Faraj, Syriac scholar (died 1286) Bar-Hebraeus, Syriac historian and bishop (died 1286) Deaths March 7 - William de Longespee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English... // Events The oldest extant double entry bookkeeping record dates from 1211 Canons regular of the Order of the Holy Cross founded September 14 1211 Troops led by Estonian resistance fighter Lembitu of Lehola destroy a garrison of missionaries in the historical Estonian region of Sakala and raid the Russian town... // Events Foundation of the University of Naples Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians Last of Arabs expelled from Sicily Births Deaths Cathal Crobdearg Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht (born 1153) Hojo Yoshitoki, regent of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan (born 1163) Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon... // Events Damietta is besieged by the knights of the Fifth Crusade. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... // Events Foundation of the University of Naples Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians Last of Arabs expelled from Sicily Births Deaths Cathal Crobdearg Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht (born 1153) Hojo Yoshitoki, regent of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan (born 1163) Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon... Events Births Thomas Aquinas, Christian philosopher and theologian (d. ...

Lineage

Note: Years in the table above are the years of their reign.