The Lyceum Theatre is a 2,000-seat West End theatre located in the City of Westminster, on Wellington Street, just off the Strand. The present building was designed by Samuel Beazley and opened on July 14, 1834.^[1] The building was unique in that it had a balcony overhanging the circle. It was built by the partnership of Peto & Grissell. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2304x3456, 3544 KB) [edit] Summary [edit] Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Lyceum Theatre (London) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital... The City of Westminster is a borough of London, England with city status. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Live Nation NYSE: LYV is a concert company based in the United States of America. ... West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre in London, England, or sometimes more specifically for shows staged in the large theatres of Londons Theatreland. Along with New Yorks Broadway theatre, West End theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre... is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1834 (MDCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Lion King is a Tony Award-winning Broadway and West End stage musical based on the 1994 Disney animated film of the same name and is directed by Julie Taymor, portraying actors in animal costumes as well as giant, hollow puppets. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre in London, England, or sometimes more specifically for shows staged in the large theatres of Londons Theatreland. Along with New Yorks Broadway theatre, West End theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre... The City of Westminster is a borough of London, England with city status. ... Strand, May 2001 St. ... is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1834 (MDCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Sir Samuel Morton Peto Sir Samuel Morton Peto, 1st Baronet (August 4, 1809 – November 13, 1889) was an English entrepreneur in the 19th century. ...

History

Early years

The Lyceum Theatre was first built in 1765 on an adjacent site, and in the late 18th century, musical entertainments were given by Charles Dibdin. Famed actor David Garrick also performed at the Lyceum. Between 1794 and 1809, the building was used as a circus, brought by Philip Astley when his amphitheatre was burned down at Westminster, and then a chapel, a concert room, and for the first London exhibition of waxworks displayed by Madame Tussaud in 1802.^[2] It became a "licensed" house in 1809, and until 1812 it was used for dramatic performances by the Drury Lane Company after the burning of their own theatre, until the erection of the new edifice. In 1816, Samuel Arnold rebuilt the house to a design by Beazley and opened it as "The English Opera House", but it was destroyed by fire in 1830. The house was famous as the first theatre in London to be lit by gas and for hosting the London premiere of Mozart's opera Cosi Fan Tutti.^[3] During this period, the "Sublime Society of Beef Steaks,"^[4] which had been founded in 1735 by theatre manager Henry Rich, had its home at the theatre for over 50 years until 1867. The members, who never exceeded twenty-four in number, met every Saturday night to eat beefsteaks and drink port wine.^[5] (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Charles Dibdin (March 4?, 1745 - July 25, 1814), British musician, dramatist, novelist, actor and song-writer, the son of a parish clerk, was born in Southampton on or before the 4th of March 1745, and was the youngest of a family of eighteen. ... David Garrick by Thomas Gainsborough. ... Philip Astley (January 8, 1742–January 27, 1814) is regarded as the father of modern circus. ... Philip Astley opened Astleys Amphitheatre in London in 1773. ... Madame Tussauds and the London Planetarium Madame Tussauds is a wax museum in London, with branches in Amsterdam, Hong Kong (Victoria Peak), Las Vegas and New York. ... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was one of the most significant and influential of all composers of Western classical music. ... Cosi Fan Tutti is a novel by Michael Dibdin, and is the fifth entry in the popular Aurelio Zen series. ...

c. 1835 Engraving: Eliza Vestris in The Alcaid

In 1834, the present house opened under the name "Theatre Royal Lyceum and English Opera House". Composer John Barnett produced a number of works in the first few years of the theatre, including The Mountain Sylph (1834), credited as the first modern English opera (it was completely sung, with no spoken passages); It was followed by Fair Rosamund in 1837, Farinelli in 1839 and Blanche of Jersey in 1840. In 1841–43, composer Michael Balfe managed the theatre and produced National Opera here, but the venture was ultimately unsuccessful. The house then became associated with adaptations of Charles Dickens's novels and Christmas books.^[6] For instance, an adaptation of Dickens' Martin Chuzzlewit ran for over 100 performances from 1844–45 here, a long run for the time. John Barnett (1802—1890), English musical composer, son of a Prussian named Bernhard Beer, who changed his name on settling in England as a jeweller, was born at Bedford, and at the age of eleven sang on the Lyceum stage in London. ... For other uses, see Opera (disambiguation). ... Michael William Balfe (May 15, 1808 - October 20, 1870), was an Irish composer, best known today for his opera The Bohemian Girl. ... Dickens redirects here. ... Martin Chuzzlewit is a novel by Charles Dickens, considered the last of his picaresque novels, which was written and serialized in 1843-1844. ...

The Lyceum was later managed by Madame Lucia Elizabeth Vestris and Charles James Mathews from 1847–55, who produced James Planché's "[fairy] extravaganzas" featuring spectacular stage effects. Tom Taylor's adaptation of A Tale of Two Cities, with Dickens himself as consultant, played in 1860, shortly after end of its serialisation and volume publication. Charles Fechter, who managed the theatre from 1863–67 also favored spectacular productions. In 1866, Dion Boucicault's The Long Strike (his adaptation of Elizabeth Gaskell's Manchester novels Mary Barton and Lizzie Leigh) was produced here. Ethel Lavenu, the mother and grandmother of actors Tyrone Power, Sr. and Tyrone Power performed in a number pieces at the theatre in the 1860s. W. S. Gilbert produced three plays here. In 1863, his first professional play, Uncle Baby, premiered. In 1867, he presented his Christmas pantomime, called Harlequin Cock Robin and Jenny Wren..., and in 1884, he produced the drama Comedy and Tragedy. Lucia Elizabeth Vestris (January, 1797–August 8, 1856) was an English actress. ... Charles James Mathews (December 26, 1803–June 24, 1878), was born at Liverpool, a son of the actor Charles Mathews and became even better known than him in the same profession. ... James Robinson Planché in 1835 James Robinson Planché (February 27, 1796 – May 30, 1880), was a dramatist, officer of arms and miscellaneous writer. ... This article is about the dramatist and editor. ... For other uses, see A Tale of Two Cities (disambiguation). ... Poster for a production of Boucicaults farce Contempt of Court, c. ... Elizabeth Gaskell, in the 1832 miniature by William John Thomson Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (née Stevenson; 29 September 1810–12 November 1865), often referred to simply as Mrs. ... Tyrone Power Sr. ... Tyrone Edmund Power, Jr. ... Sir William Schwenck Gilbert Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (November 18, 1836 – May 29, 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist and illustrator best known for the fourteen comic operas produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan. ... For other uses, see Pantomime (disambiguation). ...

Irving years

Sir Henry Irving

Beginning in 1871, under manager Hezekiah Linthicum Bateman and his wife, Henry Irving appeared at the theatre in, among other things, many Shakespeare works. Irving began with the French melodrama The Bells, an instant hit in which he played the ghost-haunted burgomaster. The piece ran to sell-out crowds for 150 nights, which was an unusually long run at the time. Charles I, in 1872 was another hit, running for 180 nights. In 1874, Irving played Hamlet at the theatre, perhaps his greatest triumph, running for 200 nights. In 1878, after Bateman's death, Irving took over management of the theatre from his widow. The Builder, September 28, 1878 reported that there was a difference between Irving and Mrs. Bateman regarding the personnel of the company at the Lyceum. "Mr. Irving is said to have told Mrs. Bateman that he was resolved to have actors to act with him, and not dolls, otherwise he would no longer play at the Lyceum. The result was that Mrs. Bateman threw up the management of the theatre, and Mr. Irving takes her place." Mrs. Bateman became the manager of Sadler's Wells Theatre.^[7] Image File history File links Henry_Irving_portrait. ... Image File history File links Henry_Irving_portrait. ... Sir Henry Irving, as Hamlet, in an 1893 illustration from The Idler magazine John Henry Brodribb (February 6, 1838 – October 13, 1905), knighted in 1895, as Sir Henry Irving, was one of the most famous stage actors of the Victorian era. ... Hezekiah Linthicum Bateman (December 6, 1812 - March 22, 1875), American actor and manager, was born in Baltimore, Maryland. ... Sir Henry Irving, as Hamlet, in an 1893 illustration from The Idler magazine John Henry Brodribb (February 6, 1838 – October 13, 1905), knighted in 1895, as Sir Henry Irving, was one of the most famous stage actors of the Victorian era. ... Shakespeare redirects here. ... For other uses, see Hamlet (disambiguation). ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Sadlers Wells theatre, 2005 Sadlers Wells Theatre is located on Rosebery Avenue, Clerkenwell, London. ...

Ellen Terry as Katherine in Henry VII

Irving continued to star in plays there, especially Shakespeare, until 1902, engaging co-star Ellen Terry for that entire period of 24 years.^[8] Bram Stoker worked between 1878 and 1898 as business manager of the theatre, and Irving was Stoker's real-life inspiration for the character Count Dracula in his 1897 novel, Dracula. Stoker hoped that Irving, with his dramatic, sweeping gestures, gentlemanly mannerisms, and speciality in playing villain roles, would play Dracula in the stage adaptation of his novel. However, Irving never agreed to appear in the stage version, although the play was produced at the Lyceum. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (522x702, 54 KB) [edit] Summary This image is in public domain because it is a reproduction of a 1892 picture of Victorian actress Dame Ellen Terry (1847-1928) as William Shakespeares Queen Katherine of Aragon in his play Henry VIII... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (522x702, 54 KB) [edit] Summary This image is in public domain because it is a reproduction of a 1892 picture of Victorian actress Dame Ellen Terry (1847-1928) as William Shakespeares Queen Katherine of Aragon in his play Henry VIII... Dame Ellen Terry, GBE (February 27, 1848 – July 21, 1928) was an English stage actress. ... Dame Ellen Terry as Katherine of Aragon The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eighth was one of the last plays written by the English playwright William Shakespeare, based on the life of Henry VIII of England. ... Dame Ellen Terry, GBE (February 27, 1848 – July 21, 1928) was an English stage actress. ... Abraham Bram Stoker (November 8, 1847 – April 20, 1912) was an Irish writer, best remembered as the author of the influential horror novel Dracula. ... This article is about the novel. ...

Irving and Terry began with Hamlet in 1878. Their 1879 production of The Merchant of Venice ran for an unusual 250 nights, and success followed success in the Shakespeare canon as well as in other major plays.^[9] Other celebrated productions included Much Ado About Nothing,^[10] The Lady of Lyons by Edward George Bulwer-Lytton (1878), Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, The Lyons Mail by Charles Reade (1883), the immensely popular Faust by William Gorman Wills (1885, which even drew applications for reserved seats from foreigners), Macbeth (1888, with incidental music by Sir Arthur Sullivan), Henry VII (1892),^[11] Becket by Alfred Tennyson (1893), King Arthur by J. Comyns Carr, with incidental music by Sir Arthur Sullivan (1895),^[12] Cymbeline (1896) and Victorien Sardou and Émile Moreau's play Madame Sans-Gêne (1897). For other uses, see Hamlet (disambiguation). ... Title page of the first quarto (1600) The Merchant of Venice is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written sometime between 1596 and 1598. ... Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy by William Shakespeare. ... Edward George Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (May 25, 1803 - January 18, 1873) was an English novelist, playwright, and politician. ... For other uses, see Romeo and Juliet (disambiguation). ... King Lear and the Fool in the Storm by William Dyce (1806-1864) King Lear is a play by William Shakespeare, considered one of his greatest tragedies, based on the legend of King Lear of Britain. ... This article is about Shakespeares play. ... Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan (May 13, 1842–November 22, 1900) was a British composer best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist William S. Gilbert. ... Dame Ellen Terry as Katherine of Aragon The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eighth was one of the last plays written by the English playwright William Shakespeare, based on the life of Henry VIII of England. ... Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (August 6, 1809 - October 6, 1892) is generally regarded as one of the greatest English poets. ... 1893 Vanity Fair drawing Joseph William Comyns Carr (1 March 1849 – 12 December 1916) was an English drama and art critic, gallery director, author, poet, playwright and theatre manager. ... Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan (May 13, 1842–November 22, 1900) was a British composer best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist William S. Gilbert. ... Dame Ellen Terry as Imogen This article is about Shakespeares play. ... Victorien Sardou (September 5, 1831 - November 8, 1908) was a French dramatist. ...

When Irving and Terry toured America, as they did several times beginning in 1883, the theatre played works with many famous actors including John Forbes-Robertson, Mrs. Patrick Campbell, Sarah Bernhardt and Eleanora Duse. Martin Harvey, a pupil of Irving's played a season there in 1899. Benoît-Constant Coquelin appeared as Cyrano de Bergerac in the summer of 1898. Mrs Patrick Campbell (February 9, 1865 - April 9, 1940) was a British stage actress, the most successful of her generation. ... Sarah Bernhardt (October 23, 1844 – March 26, 1923) was a French stage actress. ... Duse, Time, Jul. ... Benoît-Constant Coquelin Benoît-Constant Coquelin (January 23, 1841 - January 27, 1909), French actor, known as Coquelin aîné, was born at Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais, France. ... This article is about the historical figure. ...

Later years

In 1904, the theatre was rebuilt and richly ornamented in rococo style by Bertie Crewe, retaining only the façade and portico of the original building. The theatre presented music hall and variety, in an attempt to compete with the Palace Theatre and the London Coliseum, but this was not a success, and the theatre soon returned to presenting drama. From 1909–38 the Melville Brothers ran a successful series of spectacular melodramas.^[13] In 1919, additional minor alterations to the theatre were made by Edward Jones. Between the wars, dramas played at the theatre for ten months each year, followed by Christmas pantomimes, including Queen of Hearts in 1938. The Lyceum was the last London theatre to continue the early practise of concluding pantomimes with a harlequinade, a free standing entertainment of slapstick clowning, juggling and tumbling. The tradition ended with the closure of the theatre in 1939.^[14] Image File history File linksMetadata Lion_king_large. ... A style of 18th century French art and interior design, Rococo style rooms were designed as total works of art with elegant and ornate furniture, small sculptures, ornamental mirrors, and tapestry complementing architecture, reliefs, and wall paintings. ... Bertie Crewe (died 10 January 1937 in London) was one of the leading theatre designers of the UK in the boom of 1885 to 1915 // Partly trained by Frank Matcham, Crewe and his contemporaries W.G.R. Sprague and Thomas Verity, were together responsible for the majority - certainly more than... Music Hall is a form of British theatrical entertainment which reached its peak of popularity between 1850 and 1960. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... Notable theatres called the Palace Theatre include: Palace Theatre, London Palace Theatre, Westcliff-on-Sea, EssexA real play house with Edwardian splendour. ... The London Coliseum The Coliseum Theatre is one of Londons largest and best equipped theatres, opening in 1904. ... See also Commedia dellarte // The Harlequinade is a type of theatrical performance piece, usually a slapstick adaptation of the Commedia dellarte, which dates back to England in the mid 18th century. ...

In 1939, the London City Council bought the building, with plans to demolish it to make room for road improvement. The theatre closed that year with a landmark performance of Hamlet directed by Sir John Gielgud (Ellen Terry's great nephew).^[15] The road improvement plans collapsed, and after the war, in 1951, it was converted to a huge ballroom and reopened by Matthews and Sons, as the Lyceum Ballroom. Many big bands played here, including the Oscar Rabin Band which performed frequently. In the 1960s and 1970s, the theatre was used as a pop concert venue and for television broadcasts. The Grateful Dead, Bob Marley, Led Zeppelin, The Who, Emerson Lake and Palmer, U2, and Culture Club all played here.^[16] Genesis recorded and filmed there in May 1980 for broadcast on the Old Grey Whistle Test. The footage also appeared on the 2007 CD/DVD re-release of their 1980 album Duke. London City Council is the governing body of the city of London, Ontario, Canada. ... Sir Arthur John Gielgud, OM, CH (14 April 1904 – 21 May 2000), known as Sir John Gielgud, was an English theatre and film actor. ... The Oscar Rabin Band was a British Jazz dance band that was one of the most successful bands of the 1950s. ... Jerry Garcia later in life The Grateful Dead was an American rock band, which was formed in 1965 in San Francisco from the remnants of another band, Mother McCrees Uptown Jug Champions. ... This article is about the reggae musician. ... For the bands 1969 eponymous debut album, see Led Zeppelin (album). ... The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964. ... ELP can also stand for Extra Long Play, a format for the VCR tape. ... This article is about the Irish rock band. ... Culture Club is a popular English new romantic rock group, that achieved considerable global success in the 1980s. ... Genesis are an English rock band formed in 1967. ... The Old Grey Whistle Test was an influential BBC2 television music show that ran from September 1971 until 1987. ... Duke is the tenth studio album by British band Genesis, was released in March 1980. ...

Side of the Lyceum Theatre in 2006, with red The Lion King displays visible.

A proposed redevelopment of Covent Garden by the GLC in 1968 saw the theatre under threat, together with the nearby Vaudeville, Garrick, Adelphi and Duchess theatres. An active campaign by Equity, the Musicians' Union, and theatre owners under the auspices of the Save London Theatres Campaign led to the abandonment of the scheme.^[17] In 1973, the theatre gained protection and was Grade II* listed as Interior despite adaptation and alteration for present ballroom use retains [a] substantial part of Crewe's work.^[18] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3456x2304, 2914 KB) [edit] Summary [edit] Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Lyceum Theatre (London) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3456x2304, 2914 KB) [edit] Summary [edit] Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Lyceum Theatre (London) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital... Covent Garden is a district in London, located on the easternmost parts of the City of Westminster and the southwest corner of the London Borough of Camden. ... Arms of the Greater London Council The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. ... The Vaudeville Theatre is a West End theatre on The Strand in the City of Westminster. ... Londons Garrick Theatre was designed by Walter Emden, with CJ Phipps brought in as a consultant to help with the planning on the difficult site, which included an underground river. ... The Adam brothers Adelphi Buildings in an 18th-century print; the terrace stood upon riverfront warehousing. ... The Duchess Theatre The theatre opened on 25th November, 1929 and is one of the smallest proscenium arched West End theatres. ... The British Actors Equity Association (now called Equity) is the British actors trade union. ... The Musicians Union of the United Kingdom represents the interests of working musicians. ... The Forth Bridge, designed by Sir Benjamin Baker and Sir John Fowler, opened in 1890, and now owned by Network Rail, is designated as a Category A listed building by Historic Scotland. ...

The theatre went dark in 1986, after the National Theatre's promenade performances (in 1985) of Bill Bryden's adaptation of the Mysteries trilogy. Brent Walker leased the theatre during this time but later gave up his lease, and in 1996 it was restored and reconverted into a theatre for large scale musicals or opera (with a suitably large orchestra pit) by Holohan Architects. The Royal National Theatre from Waterloo Bridge The Royal National Theatre is a building complex and theatre company located on the South Bank in London, England immediately east of the southern end of Waterloo Bridge. ... William Campbell Rough (Bill) Bryden CBE (born 12 April 1942 in Greenock, Scotland) is a leading British stage director. ... The Mysteries is a version of the medieval English mystery plays presented at Londons National Theatre in 1977. ...

The theatre has been home to the musical version of The Lion King since 1999. The Lion King is a Tony Award-winning Broadway and West End stage musical based on the 1994 Disney animated film of the same name and is directed by Julie Taymor, portraying actors in animal costumes as well as giant, hollow puppets. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ...

Recent and present productions

Lyceum Theatre before a performance of The Lion King. Notice the draws on the curtain

• Jesus Christ Superstar (November 19, 1996 – March 28, 1998)
• Oklahoma! (February 1999 – June 1999)
• The Lion King (September 24, 1999 – )

This article is about the rock opera. ... is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Oklahoma! was the first musical play written by composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist/librettist Oscar Hammerstein II (see Rodgers and Hammerstein). ... The Lion King is a Tony Award-winning Broadway and West End stage musical based on the 1994 Disney animated film of the same name and is directed by Julie Taymor, portraying actors in animal costumes as well as giant, hollow puppets. ... is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ...

Travel

The nearest London Underground station is Covent Garden. The London Underground is a rapid transit system that serves a large part of Greater London and some neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire. ... Signage on the platforms Covent Garden is a London Underground station in Covent Garden. ...

References

Sources consulted

• Dickens, Charles, Jr [1888, 1879] (2001). "Lyceum Theatre entry", Dickens's Dictionary of London, 1888, facsimile, Devon: Old House Books. ISBN 1873590040.  – A guide to London written by the novelist's son.
• Earl, John & Michael Sell, The Theatres Trust Guide to British Theatres 1750–1950 pp. 123-4 (Theatres Trust, 2000) ISBN 0-7136-5688-3
• History of the Lyceum
• Profile of the theatre
• Another profile of the theatre with images
• Article on the theatre

Endnotes

Charles Dickens, Jr, born Charles Culliford Boz Dickens (6 January 1837 – 1896), was the first child of the novelist Charles Dickens (1812–1870). ... Charles Dickens, Jr, born Charles Culliford Boz Dickens (6 January 1837 – 1896), was the first child of the novelist Charles Dickens (1812–1870). ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom (and the Kingdom of Great Britain before the United Kingdom existed) since 1788 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Lyceum Theatre London.org.uk – Official website
• The Bram Stoker Collection (on his collaboration with Henry Irving at the Lyceum)
• Statistical information about the theatre
• Architectural information about the theatre
• Information about productions at the theatre at the Victorian Web
• A cogent summary of the theatre's history
• Research article about the ownership (lessor) of the theatre, with information about the Irving era
• History of the Sublime Society of Beef Steaks