An aerial view of the Johnson Space Center facility of Houston in 1989

The Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center ("JSC") is the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's center for human spaceflight activities. It consists of a complex with 100 buildings on 1,620 acres^[1] located in Houston, Texas. The Johnson Space Center is home to the United States astronaut corps and is responsible for training astronauts from both the U.S. and its international partners. ^[2] The center was constructed on land donated by Rice University and became operational in 1965. Download high resolution version (640x640, 558 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (640x640, 558 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... NASA Logo Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-09-01, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... Houston redirects here. ... Lovett Hall William Marsh Rice University (commonly called Rice University and opened in 1912 as The William Marsh Rice Institute for the Advancement of Letters, Science and Art) is a private, comprehensive research university located in Houston, Texas, USA, near the Museum District and adjacent to the Texas Medical Center. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ...

The Johnson Space Center is home to Mission Control Center (MCC-H), the NASA control center that coordinates and monitors all human spaceflight for the United States. MCC-H directs all Space Shuttle missions and activities aboard the International Space Station. The center is also responsible for direction of operations at White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico,^[3] which serves as a backup Shuttle landing site and as the coordinating facility for the upcoming Project Constellation program, which will replace the Space Shuttle program after 2010. Mission Control Center (MCC) is a unit that manages aerospace flights. ... This article is about the space vehicle. ... ISS redirects here. ... White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) is a rocket engine test facility and a resource for testing and evaluating potentially hazardous materials, space flight components, and rocket propulsion systems. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Largest metro area Albuquerque metropolitan area Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... Project Constellation is NASAs current plan for space exploration. ...

History

Space Shuttle Challenger, atop its Boeing 747 SCA, flying over JSC

Johnson Space Center has its origins in legislation shepherded to enactment in 1958 by then-U.S. Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, who was from Texas. When opened in 1961 it was known simply as "Manned Spacecraft Center"; it was renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in 1973, the year Johnson died. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3000 × 3000 pixel, file size: 9 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Smaller versions: Image:Shuttleoverjsc. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3000 × 3000 pixel, file size: 9 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Smaller versions: Image:Shuttleoverjsc. ... The Boeing 747, sometimes nicknamed the Jumbo Jet,[4][5] is a long-haul, widebody commercial airliner manufactured by Boeing in the United States. ... Atlantis transported by a Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft Schematic 3-view The Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) are two extensively modified Boeing 747 jetliners that NASA uses to transport a space shuttle orbiter. ... The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ... LBJ redirects here. ...

By 1965, JSC was fully operational and has been responsible for coordinating and monitoring every crewed NASA mission since Gemini 4 in 1965. Gemini 4 (officially Gemini IV) was a 1965 manned space flight in NASAs Gemini program. ...

In addition to housing NASA's astronaut operations, JSC is also the site of the former Lunar Receiving Laboratory, where the first astronauts returning from the moon were quarantined, and where the majority of lunar samples are stored. First samples from the Moon being delivered to LRL in 1969 The Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL) is a facility at NASAs Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (Building 37) that was constructed to quarantine astronauts and material brought back from the Moon during the Apollo program. ... This article is about Earths moon. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Moon rocks is the name that has been applied to the 382 kg (842 lbs. ...

One of the artifacts displayed at Johnson Space Center is the Saturn V rocket. It is whole, except for the ring between the S-IC and S-II stages, and the fairing between the S-II and S-IVB stages, and made of actual surplus flight-ready articles. It also has a real, flight-ready Apollo CSM, intended to fly in the canceled Apollo 19 mission. For the moon designated Saturn V, see Rhea. ... The S-IC was the first stage of the Saturn V rocket. ... The S-IVB (sometimes S4b) was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company and served as the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB. It had one J-2 engine. ... Apollo Spacecraft: Command Module, Service Module, Lunar Module. ... Due to budget constraints there were many canceled Apollo missions during Project Apollo. ...

In September 2001, NASA's Johnson Space Center celebrated its 40th year of leading America into space. ^[4]

On April 20, 2007 a hostage situation developed in Building 44, the Communication and Tracking Development Laboratory where a gunman killed one person, injured another, and took a hostage for over three hours until finally committing suicide by a bullet wound. is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The Johnson Space Cente was a hostage situation that occurred on April 20, 2007 in Building 44, the Communication and Tracking Development Laboratory, at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas. ...

Personnel

Around 3,000 civil servants, including 110 astronauts, are employed at JSC. The bulk of the workforce are the over 15,000 contractors. Over 15 contracting firms work at JSC; the largest is the United Space Alliance, which accounts for about 40 percent of the JSC employees. As of November 2005 the center director is former astronaut Michael Coats. Michael Coats is the tenth director at JSC, the first being Robert Gilruth. A general contractor is an organization or individual that contracts with another organization or individual (the owner) for the construction of a building, road or other facility. ... Headquartered in Houston, Texas, United Space Alliance (USA) is one of the world’s leading space operations companies. ... Michael L. Coats (Captain, USN) Michael L. Coats is a NASA astronaut born on January 16, 1946, in Sacramento, California, and raised in Riverside, California. ... Robert Rowe Gilruth (October 18, 1913-August 17, 2000) was an American aviation and space pioneer. ...

Training

NASA's astronaut training is conducted at the Johnson Space Center. Astronaut candidates receive training on shuttle systems and in the basic sciences which include mathematics, guidance and navigation, oceanography, orbital dynamics, astronomy, and physics. ^[5] Candidates are required to complete military water survival prior to beginning their flying instruction. Candidates are also required to become SCUBA qualified for extravehicular training and are required to pass a swimming test. EVA training is conducted at the Sonny Carter Training Facility. Candidates are also trained to deal with emergencies associated with hyperbaric and hypobaric atmospheric pressures and are given exposure to the microgravity of space flight. ^[6] Candidates maintain their flying proficiency by flying 15 hours per month in NASA's fleet of T-38 jets based at nearby Ellington Field. Additionally, candidates practice Orbiter landings in the Shuttle Training Aircraft. ^[7] may refer to: Scuba diving, the use of a self-contained breathing set to stay underwater for periods of time. ... The Sonny Carter Training Facility is a set of buildings north of Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. ... Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the medical use of oxygen at a higher than atmospheric pressure. ... The Northrop T-38 Talon is a widely used US-built supersonic jet trainer. ... NASAs fleet of T-38 Talons sitting on the flightline at Ellington. ...

An astronaut training in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory

The astronauts begin their formal training program during their year of candidate training by reading manuals and by taking computer-based training lessons on the various Orbiter systems. The training process includes practice with the single systems trainer where the astronauts are trained to operate each Orbiter system and to recognize malfunctions and perform corrective actions. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Following SST training, the astronauts begin training in the Shuttle Mission Simulators (SMSs). The SMS provides training of shuttle vehicle operations and systems tasks associated with the major flight phases. Astronauts begin their training in the SMS using training software until they are assigned to a particular mission. Astronauts also train with the flight controllers in the Mission Control Center. The SMS and MCC are linked by computer in the same way the Orbiter and MCC are linked during an actual mission. Mission Control Center (MCC) is a unit that manages aerospace flights. ...

The Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory provides a controlled neutral buoyancy environment a very large pool containing about 6.2 million US gallons (23,000 m³) of water where astronauts train to practice extra-vehicular activity tasks while attempting to simulate zero-g conditions. The facility provides pre-flight training in becoming familiar with crew activities and with the dynamics of body motion under weightless conditions. ^[8] An astronaut training in the NBL The Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory or NBL is a training facility for astronauts maintained by NASAs Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. ... In physics, buoyancy is the upward force on an object produced by the surrounding fluid (i. ... Astronaut Bruce McCandless on an untethered EVA Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) is work done by an astronaut away from the Earth and outside of his or her spacecraft. ... Zero G is the pseudonym of an elite hacker rumored to be female and a child prodigy of MIT. Zero G emerged in the late 1990s. ...

Research

Johnson Space Center leads NASA’s flight-related scientific and medical research programs. Technologies developed for spaceflight are now in use in many areas of medicine, energy, transportation, agriculture, communications and electronics. ^[9]

The Prebreathe Reduction Program is a research study program at the JSC that is currently being developed to improve the safety and efficiency of space walks from the ISS.

Facilities

The buildings at Johnson Space Center are all numbered and not named. A partial listing of building numbers and what is contained in them follows:

• Building 1 - Headquarters of JSC, including offices of senior management and the JSC director.
• Building 2 - Public Affairs Office, including video production and audio processing facilities.
• Building 3 - Cafeteria and Employee store
• Building 4 and Building 4S - Office building of many manned spaceflight activities, including astronauts, flight controllers, and flight directors.
• Building 5 - Includes the Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS), both fixed-base and motion-based.
• Building 7 - Contains Vacuum Chamber and Space Suit testing facilities.
• Building 8 - Health Clinic and historical photo and video archives.
• Building 9 - Space Vehicle Mockup Facility (SVMF), including full-scale International Space Station module mockups and several Space Shuttle cabin and payload bay mockups.
• Building 10 - Large scale fabrication, high bay, machine shops.
• Building 11 - Cafeteria and Employee store
• Building 12 - Includes, among other things, JSC's Office of Education, which specializes in promoting Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) across the country.
• Building 16 and Building 16A - The Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory, where software and hardware changes are tested to insure they function well with the whole vehicle in a simulated flight environment
• Building 30 - Contains the Mission Control Center (MCC) including the Flight Control Rooms (FCRs) to support the Space Shuttle and ISS.
• Building 32 - Includes two vacuum chambers for testing flight hardware.
• Building 37 - Life Sciences Laboratory. Formerly the Lunar Receiving Laboratory.
• Building 44 - Communications and Tracking Center.
• Building 110 - The security headquarters just outside the NASA gates by the employee entrance. Security issues badges for employees, contractors, and visitors.

Chief of Flight Operations during a NASA space mission. ... The Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) consists of two simulators in Building 5 of Johnson Space Center. ... The Space Vehicle Mockup Facility (SVMF) is located inside Building 9 of Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. ... ISS redirects here. ... This article is about the space vehicle. ... Avionics is a portmanteau which literally means aviation electronics. ... Mission Control Center (MCC) is a unit that manages aerospace flights. ... First samples from the Moon being delivered to LRL in 1969 The Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL) is a facility at NASAs Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (Building 37) that was constructed to quarantine astronauts and material brought back from the Moon during the Apollo program. ...

Visitor complex

The visitor's center of JSC is Space Center Houston. Space Center Houston logo Space Center Houston, located in Houston, Texas, is the official visitors center of the Johnson Space Center. ...

See also

• Kennedy Space Center
• List of NASA contractors
• Robert R. Gilruth
• Space Center Houston
• Texas State Highway NASA Road 1

Merritt Island and Kennedy Space Center (shown in white). ... ARES Barrios Technology, Inc. ... Robert Rowe Gilruth (October 18, 1913-August 17, 2000) was an American aviation and space pioneer. ... Space Center Houston logo Space Center Houston, located in Houston, Texas, is the official visitors center of the Johnson Space Center. ... State Highway NASA Road 1 (officially NASA Parkway (HB1049) and also known as NASA Road 1) is an east-west state highway that runs from Interstate 45 near Houston to State Highway 146 north of Galveston. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Category:Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center

• Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
• Suddenly, tomorrow came... A history of the Johnson Space Center (PDF format) 1993
• NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project - Interview with Thomas W. 'Tommy' Holloway

Coordinates: 29°33′23″N, 95°05′15″W Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...