Lysine [1]
Systematic name	(S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid
Abbreviations	Lys K
Chemical formula	C6H14N2O2
Molecular mass	146.19 g/mol
Melting point	224 °C
Specific rotation	+14.6°
Isoelectric point	9.74
pKa	2.15 9.16 10.67
CAS number	[56-87-1]
EINECS number	200-294-2
SMILES	NCCCCC(N)C(=O)O
Disclaimer and references

Lysine is one of the 20 amino acids normally found in proteins. With its 4-aminobutyl side-chain, it is classified as a basic amino acid, along with arginine and histidine. It is an essential amino acid, and the human nutritional requirement is 1–1.5 g daily. As a dietary supplement, it is claimed that lysine may be useful for those with herpes simplex infections; however, the evidence regarding these benefits is mixed. IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... The molecular mass (abbreviated MM) of a substance, called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The specific rotation of a chemical compound [α]D is defined as the observed angle of optical rotation α when light of 589 nanometer wavelength (the sodium D line) is passed through a sample with a path length of 0. ... The isoelectric point sucks (pI) is the pH at which a molecule carries no net electrical charge. ... In chemistry and biochemistry, the acid dissociation constant, the acidity constant, or the acid-ionization constant (Ka) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that indicates the extent of dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... The EINECS number (for European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances) is a registry number given to each chemical substance commercially available in the European Union between 1 January 1971 and 18 September 1981. ... The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES is a specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1977x1462, 23 KB) Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Amino acid Lysine User:Benjah-bmm27/Gallery ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (744x723, 30 KB) Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Lysine User:Benjah-bmm27/Gallery ... The general structure of an amino acid molecule, with the amine group on the left and the carboxyl group on the right. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Arginine (symbol Arg or R) is an α-amino acid. ... Histidine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids present in proteins. ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... It has been suggested that Diet (nutrition) be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that Biologically active dietary supplement be merged into this article or section. ... See also herpes zoster. ...

Dietary sources

Lysine is the limiting amino acid in all cereal grains, but is plentiful in all pulses (legumes). Fish are also quite rich in lysine. Plants that contain significant amounts of lysine include: This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... Cereal crops are mostly grasses cultivated for their edible seeds (actually a fruit called a grain, technically a caryopsis). ... Pulses are defined by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as annual leguminous crops yielding from one to twelve grains or seeds of variable size, shape and color within a pod. ... The Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) is one of the most popular freshwater aquarium fish species in the world. ...

• Buffalo Gourd (10,130–33,000 ppm) in seed work
• Berro, Watercress (1,340–26,800 ppm) in herb.
• Soybean (24,290–26,560 ppm) in seed.
• Carob, Locust Bean, St.John's-Bread (26,320 ppm) in seed;
• Common Bean (Black Bean, Dwarf Bean, Field Bean, Flageolet Bean, French Bean, Garden Bean, Green Bean, Haricot, Haricot Bean, Haricot Vert, Kidney Bean, Navy Bean, Pop Bean, Popping Bean, Snap Bean, String Bean, Wax Bean) (2,390–25,700 ppm) in sprout seedling;
• Ben Nut, Benzolive Tree, Jacinto (Sp.), Moringa (aka Drumstick Tree, Horseradish Tree, Ben Oil Tree), West Indian Ben (5,370–25,165 ppm) in shoot.
• Lentil (7,120–23,735 ppm) in sprout seedling.
• Asparagus Pea, Winged Bean (aka Goa Bean) (21,360–23,304 ppm) in seed.
• Fat Hen (3,540–22,550 ppm) in seed.
• Lentil (19,570–22,035 ppm) in seed.
• White Lupin (19,330–21,585 ppm) in seed.
• Black Caraway, Black Cumin, Fennel-Flower, Nutmeg-Flower, Roman Coriander (16,200–20,700 ppm) in seed.
• Spinach (1,740–20,664 ppm).
• Amaranth, Quinoa

Species Nasturtium nasturtium-aquaticumL. Nasturtium microphyllumBoenn ex Rchb. ... Binomial name Glycine max (L.) Merr. ... Carob trees near Mehmetcik, Northern Cyprus Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) is a species native to the Mediterranean region, cultivated for its edible seed pods. ... Binomial name Phaseolus vulgaris L. The common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, indigenous to the Americas, is an herbaceous annual plant domesticated independently in ancient Mesoamerica and the Andes, and now grown worldwide for its edible bean, popular both dry and as a green bean. ... Species Moringa arborea Moringa borziana Moringa concanensis Moringa drouhardii Moringa hilldebrandtii Moringa longituba Moringa oleifera Moringa ovalifolia Moringa peregrina Moringa pygmaea Moringa rivae Moringa ruspoliana Moringa stenopetala Moringa is the only genus in the family Moringaceae. ... Species Moringa arborea Moringa borziana Moringa concanensis Moringa drouhardii Moringa hildebrandtii Moringa longituba Moringa oleifera Moringa ovalifolia Moringa peregrina Moringa pygmaea Moringa rivae Moringa ruspoliana Moringa stenopetala Moringa is the only genus in the family Moringaceae. ... Binomial name Moringa oleifera Moringa oleifera, commonly referred to simply as Moringa, is the most widely cultivated variety of the genus Moringa. ... Binomial name Lens culinaris Medikus The lentil (Lens culinaris) is a brushy annual plant of the legume family, grown for its lens-shaped seeds. ... Binomial name Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) D.C. bean The Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), also known as the Goa bean (kacang botol in Malaysia), is a tropical legume plant native to Papua New Guinea. ... Binomial name Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) D.C. bean The Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), also known as the Goa bean (kacang botol in Malaysia), is a tropical legume plant native to Papua New Guinea. ... Binomial name Chenopodium album L. Fat Hen (Chenopodium album), also called white goosefoot, lambs quarters, lambsquarters, or pigweed, is a fast-growing, upright, weedy annual species of goosefoot, very common in temperate regions, growing almost everywhere in soils rich in nitrogen, especially on wasteland. ... Binomial name Lens culinaris Medikus The lentil (Lens culinaris) is a brushy annual plant of the legume family, grown for its lens-shaped seeds. ... For other uses of the word see: Lupin (disambiguation) Species over 150 recognised species, including: Lupinus albus Lupinus angustifolius Lupinus arboreus Lupinus luteus Lupinus mutabilis Lupinus nootkatensis Lupinus polyphyllus Lupinus x regalis Lupinus texensis Lupin, often spelled lupine in the US, is the common name for members of the genus... Binomial name Carum carvi L. Caraway or Persian cumin (Carum carvi) is a biennial plant that belongs to the Apiaceae, or parsley, family. ... The English common name Black Cumin is usually used for Nigella sativa L. but also, less commonly for Bunium persicum [Boiss. ... Binomial name Spinacia oleracea L. Percentages are relative to US RDI values for adults. ... Species See text. ... Binomial name Chenopodium quinoa Willd. ...

Properties

L-Lysine is a necessary building block for all protein in the body. L-Lysine plays a major role in calcium absorption; building muscle protein; recovering from surgery or sports injuries; and the body's production of hormones, enzymes, and antibodies. A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... General Name, Symbol, Number calcium, Ca, 20 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 40. ... Look up absorption in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Absorption may refer to: In physics: absorption (chemistry) - absorption of particles of gas or liquid in liquid or solid material as studied in physical chemistry absorption (optics) - absorption of photons by a material Absorption (acoustics) - absorption of sound waves by a material... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle (from Latin musculus little mouse [1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ... Intraoperative X-Ray of a Humerus fixated by Kirschner wires Surgery (from the Greek meaning hand work) is the medical specialty that treats diseases or injuries by operative manual and instrumental treatment. ... Hormone is also the NATO reporting name for the Soviet/Russian Kamov Ka-25 military helicopter. ... Neuraminidase ribbon diagram An enzyme (in Greek en = in and zyme = blend) is a protein, or protein complex, that catalyzes a chemical reaction and also controls the 3D orientation of the catalyzed substrates. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

Lysine Formula

Lysine can undergo posttranslational modification in protein molecules, often by methylation or acetylation. Collagen contains hydroxylysine which is derived from lysine. O-Glycosylation of lysine residues in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus is used to mark certain proteins for secretion from the cell. Image File history File links Lys-(K)-stick. ... Image File history File links Lys-(K)-stick. ... Posttranslational modification means the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. ... In biochemistry, methylation refers to the replacement of a hydrogen atom (H) with a methyl group (CH3), regardless of the substrate. ... Acetylation describes a reaction, usually with acetic acid, that introduces an acetyl functional group into an organic compound. ... Tropocollagen triple helix. ... Hydroxylysine is an amino acid, C6H14N2O3. ... Glycosylation is the process or result of addition of saccharides to proteins and lipids. ... The endoplasmic reticulum (endoplasmic meaning within the cytoplasm, reticulum meaning little net in Latin) or ER is an organelle found in all eukaryotic cells that is an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles and cisternae that is responsible for several specialized functions: Protein translation, folding, and transport (e. ... Diagram of an endomembrane system on a Eukaryote cell In cell biology, the Golgi apparatus (also called a Golgi body, Golgi complex, or dictyosome) is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, including those of plants, animals, and fungi. ... Secretion is the process of segregating, elaborating, and releasing chemicals from a cell, or a secreted chemical substance or amount of substance. ... Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green). ...

Lysine is metabolised in mammals to give Acetyl-CoA, via an initial transamination with α-ketoglutarate. The bacterial degradation of lysine yields cadaverine by decarboxylation. Metabolism (from Greek μεταβολισμός metabolismos) is the biochemical modification of chemical compounds in living organisms and cells. ... Orders Multituberculata (extinct) Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Triconodonta (extinct) Subclass Australosphenida Ausktribosphenida Monotremata Subclass Eutheria (excludes extinct ancestors) Afrosoricida Anagaloidea (extinct) Arctostylopida (extinct) Artiodactyla Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Cimolesta (extinct) Cingulata Creodonta (extinct) Condylarthra (extinct) Dermoptera Desmostylia (extinct) Dinocerata (extinct) Embrithopoda (extinct) Hyracoidea Insectivora Lagomorpha Leptictida (extinct) Litopterna (extinct) Macroscelidea Mesonychia (extinct) Notoungulata... Categories: Biochemistry stubs | Thiols ... Transamination is the reaction between an amino acid and an alpha-keto acid. ... Ketoglutaric acid is used for either of two crystalline keto derivatives C5H6O5 of glutaric acid. ... Subgroups Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are microscopic, unicellular organisms. ... Cadaverine is a foul-smelling molecule produced by protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue. ... A Decarboxylation is any chemical reaction in which a carboxyl group (-COOH) is split off from a compound as carbon dioxide (CO2). ...

It has been suggested that lysine may be beneficial for those with herpes simplex infections. However, more research is needed to fully substantiate this claim. For more information, refer to Herpes simplex - Lysine. Genera Subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae    Simplexvirus    Varicellovirus    Mardivirus    Iltovirus Subfamily Betaherpesvirinae    Cytomegalovirus    Muromegalovirus    Roseolovirus Subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae    Lymphocryptovirus    Rhadinovirus Unassigned    Ictalurivirus The Herpesviridae are a family of DNA viruses that cause diseases in humans and animals. ...

References

1. ^ Merck Index, 12th Edition, 5667.

See also

• Fictional applications of real materials
• Max Tundra

Of the substances named in this list:- Some exist in reality but are described in fiction as having properties which they do not have in the real world. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Sources

• Much of the information in this article has been translated from German Wikipedia.
• Lide, D. R. (Ed.) (2002). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (83rd Edn.). Boca Raton (FL):CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0483-0.

External links

• Lysine biosynthesis (early stages)
• Lysine biosynthesis (later stages)
• Lysine catabolism
• Computational Chemistry Wiki
• PDRhealth.com - L-Lysine
• Link page to external chemical sources.