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Maruthur Gopala Ramachandran Menon
Puratchi Thalaivar, (Tamil: Revolutionary Leader),
Born	January 17, 1917(1917-01-17) Nawalapitiya, Sri Lanka
Died	December 24, 1987 (aged 70) Tamil Nadu
Occupation	Actor, Politician
Spouse	Thangamani, Sathanandavathi & V.N.Janaki
Children	None

In this Indian name, the name "Maruthur Gopala" is a patronymic, not a family name, and the person should be referred to by the given name, "Ramachandran". The abbreviations "s/o" or "d/o", if used, mean "son of" or "daughter of" respectively.

Maruthur Gopala Ramachandran Menon (Tamil: மருதூர் கோபால இராமச்சந்திரன்) (January 17, 1917–December 24, 1987), popularly known as MGR (Tamil: எம்.ஜி.ஆர்), or Puratchi Thalaivar (Tamil: Revolutionary Leader), was a leading actor in Tamil films and Chief Minister of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu from 1977 until his death. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1683x2332, 93 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... Nawalapitiya is a town in the hill country of Sri Lanka. ... is the 358th day of the year (359th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year 1987. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Actors in period costume sharing a joke whilst waiting between takes during location filming. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A politician is an individual who is a formally recognized and active member of a government, or a person who influences the way a society is governed through an understanding of political power and group dynamics. ... Janaki Ramachandran, popularly known as V.N. Janaki (November 30, 1923 – May 19, 1996), was an Indian Tamil actress and politician. ... Indian names are based on a variety of systems and naming conventions, which vary from region to region. ... Look up patronymic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Last name redirects here. ... Look up Appendix:Most popular given names by country in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... is the 358th day of the year (359th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year 1987. ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... sivaji ganesan from the film veerapaandiya kattabomman. ... A Chief Minister is the elected Head of Government of a state of India, a territory of Australia or a British overseas territory that has attained self-government. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ...

Early life

MGR was born in Hewaheta near Kandy, Sri Lanka, to Maruthur Gopala Menon and Satyabhama. His family was originally from Palakkad, Kerala, but his grandfather had migrated with his family to Sri Lanka.^[1][2] , For other uses, see Kandy (disambiguation). ... For the socratic dialogue by Plato, see Meno. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... , Kerala ( ; Malayalam: കേരളം; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ...

After his father's death, he could not pursue his studies beyond the primary stage due to poverty and joined a drama troupe called Original Boys. Gaining considerable experience on stage, he entered the world of cinema, and gradually rose to enviable positions by persistent efforts and endurance. He became an actor, with a huge mass appeal. He was also a very good director and producer, and was also known to be an expert movie editor. MGR married Bargavi also known as Thangamani a villager who died early due to illness. He later married Sathanandavathi who also died soon due to Tuberculosis. His third wife was V.N.Janaki, a former actress. She divorced her husband Ganapati Bhat, to marry him. He did not have any children.^[3] Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ... Janaki Ramachandran, popularly known as V.N. Janaki (November 30, 1923 – May 19, 1996), was an Indian Tamil actress and politician. ...

Temple built for MGR's Mother by MGR. MGR considered his mother as his God and role model.

Tamil cinema

Making his film debut in 1935, in the film Sati Leelavathi^[4], directed by Ellis Dungan, an American born film director [2], MGR did not attain great popularity until he got his big breakthrough in the 1947 film Rajakumari which was a super hit making him a top hero in Kollywood and one of the most successful in Indian Cinema history, the script for Rajakumari was written by Karunanidhi. He rose to stardom by playing characters that portrayed him as the saviour of the poor. His movies were the medium of communication for the Dravidian movement. For the next twenty-five years he remained one of the biggest celebrity in Tamil cinema and one of the most famous and worshiped man in Tamil nadu. Movies like Madurai Veeran, a champion of the Tamil Devars. His star power did not diminish even after he was shot by fellow actor M. R. Radha (Mohan R. Radha), affecting his ability to speak clearly. Even then he undauntedly carried on only to give box-office hit after hits, later paving way for his entry into politics. He won the national award in the best actor category for the film Rickshakaran His Movie "Nadodi Mannan" (produced & directed by MGR and first released in 1956) released in 2006 ran house full shows in Tamil Nadu for 14 weeks. ^[5] 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kollywood (Tamil : கோலிவூட் ) is a name often applied to the home of the Tamil-language film industry based in India, and to the industry as a whole. ... India is a major regional center for cinema. ... Categories: Indian people stubs | Tamil people | Indian politicians ... The Dravidian Race is the name sometimes still given to the peoples of southern and central India and northern Sri Lanka who speak Dravidian languages, the best known of which are Tamil (தமிழ்), Telugu (తెలుగు), Kannada and Malayalam. ... Madurai Veeran is a great good knight believed to be lived when Nayaks of Andhra (South India) ruled certain parts of Tamilnad. ... M. R. Radha, An actor of multi-faceted talents who stood on his own films with his own mark of individuality as character actor defying the system was M.R.Radha. ...

Political career

MGR with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi

MGR was a member of the Congress Party till 1953 and he used to wear kathar and wear vibhuti on his forehead. In 1953 MGR joined the DMK. He became a vocal Tamil and Dravidian nationalist and prominent member of the DMK (Dravidian Progressive Federation). He added glamour to the Dravidian movement which was sweeping Tamil Nadu. He became a member of the state Legislative Council in 1962. He was first elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in 1967. After the death of his mentor, Annadurai, MGR became the treasurer of DMK in 1969 after Karunanidhi became the chief minister. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2140x1565, 2759 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2140x1565, 2759 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... A young Indira Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi, during one of the latters fasts Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: ) (19 November 1917 - October 31, 1984) She was the Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms from 1966 to 1977 and for a fourth term from 1980 until her assassination in... Indian National Congress, Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) is a regional political party in the Tamil Nadu state of India. ... The Dravidian Race is the name sometimes still given to the peoples of southern and central India and northern Sri Lanka who speak Dravidian languages, the best known of which are Tamil (தமிழ்), Telugu (తెలుగు), Kannada and Malayalam. ... Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) is a regional political party in the Tamil Nadu state of India. ... Self-Respect Movement is a movement that was called by Thanthai Periyar in Tamil Nadu state of India. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... C.N.Annadurai (1909 to 1969), popularly called Anna (which means elder brother in Tamil language) was the first non Congress Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, India. ... Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) is a regional political party in the Tamil Nadu state of India. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Categories: Indian people stubs | Tamil people | Indian politicians ...

In 1967, he was shot in the neck by fellow actor and political aspirant M.R. Radha. The bullet was permanently lodged in his neck and his voice damaged. He wanted the financial details of the party to be publicised which enraged the leadership of DMK and in 1972, MGR was expelled from the party. MGR then floated a new party named Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK) which was later renamed All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), the only powerful opponent of the DMK. He became Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu in 1977, and remained in office till his death in 1987. In 1979, Members of his party Satyavani Muthu and Aravinda Bala Pajanor, became the first dravidian and non-congress party from Tamil Nadu to become ministers in the Union Cabinet. It is to be noted that the AIADMK won every state assembly election as long as MGR was alive. He was the first film actor to be a Chief Minister in India. M. R. Radha, An actor of multi-faceted talents who stood on his own films with his own mark of individuality as character actor defying the system was M.R.Radha. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) is a regional political party in India. ... Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) is a regional political party in the Tamil Nadu state of India. ... A Chief Minister is the elected Head of Government of a state of India, a territory of Australia or a British overseas territory that has attained self-government. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... The cabinet of ministers of the Government of India led by the Prime Minister of India is referred to as the Union Cabinet in India. ...

Chief Ministership

MGR

MGR placed great emphasis on social development, especially education. One of MGR's most successful policies was the re-introduction of the "Mid-day Meal Scheme" in the Government-run and aided schools in Tamil Nadu, which encouraged underprivileged children to attend schools. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2335x1676, 4092 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2335x1676, 4092 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... The Mid-day Meal Scheme is the popular name for school meal programme in India. ...

He founded the Tamil University, The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University and the Women's University in Tamil Nadu.

Death

MGR's Tomb on the Marina

In October 1984, MGR was diagnosed with kidney failure and was rushed to the U.S. for treatment,and his neice M.G.C.Leelavathy donated kidney to him. Mass hysteria gripped Tamil Nadu and over 100 people attempted self-immolation. MGR died December 24, 1987 after his prolonged illness. His death sparked off an inexplicable frenzy of looting and rioting all over the state of Tamil Nadu. Shops, movie theaters, buses and other public and private property became the target of wanton violence let loose all over the state. The situation became so hopeless that the police had to resort issuing shoot-at-sight orders, something seldom seen or heard of in democratic India.^{[citation needed]} The violence during the funeral alone left 29 people dead and 47 police personnel badly wounded. [3],[4] This state of affairs continued for almost a month all over the state of Tamil Nadu, bringing normal life to a grinding halt and causing untold misery to millions. Around one million[5] persons followed his remains, around 30 followers committed suicide and lakhs of people had their heads tonsured. Some people in southern region of Tamil nadu still worship him as god. After his death, his political party, the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, split between his wife Janaki Ramachandran and his political protégé, J. Jayalalitha and later merged in 1988. In 1989 Dr. MGR Home & Higher Secondary School for the Speech & Hearing Impaired was established in the erstwhile Ramavaram Gardens Residence as per his will dated 17 January 1986. Image File history File linksMetadata MGRPtomb12. ... Image File history File linksMetadata MGRPtomb12. ... This page is about the year 1984. ... Renal failure is when the kidneys fail to function properly. ... is the 358th day of the year (359th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year 1987. ... Look up million in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Janaki Ramachandran, popularly known as V.N. Janaki (November 30, 1923 – May 19, 1996), was an Indian Tamil actress and politician. ... J. Jayalalithaa (Jayalalithaa Jayaram), (born February 24, 1948, Mysore is a former Chief Minister of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...

Awards

The Bharat Ratna Citation, the certificate conferred to MGR. Critics wonder if MGR would have accepted it as - it has citation written in Hindi

• MGR was nominated for Padmashree award from the Government of India but MGR refused to accept as the wording was in Hindi in 1960
• National Award for the Best Actor for the film Rickshakaran in 1972
• Bharat Ratna was conferred by the Government of India posthumously.
  

  MGR with Grandson Kumar Rajendran

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Doctorate received from

• University of Madras
• The World University (Arizona)

The University of Madras is one of the three oldest universities in India (along with University of Mumbai and University of Calcutta). ... The World University (WU) is an educational institution based in Benson, Arizona, United States. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ...

Social Work and Charity

MGR was always the first to personally offer relief in disasters and calamities like fire, flood, drought, and cyclones, he was the first donor during the war with China in 1962, donating Rs. 75,000 to the war fund. He was the founder and editor of THAI weekly magazine and ANNA daily newspaper in Tamil. He was the owner of Sathya Studios and Emgeeyar Pictures which produced many of the films he acted in. He also founded the MGR Schools in Kodambakkam giving free education and food for the film workers children in 1953. He was the president of Nadigar Sangam - South India Film Artists Association for four terms. He willed all his property for the welfare of the poor and hearing impaired people of Tamil Nadu. Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ...

MGR's filmography

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Padmini (June 12, 1932 - September 24, 2006) was an Indian actress and trained Bharathanatyam dancer who acted in over 250 Indian movies. ... Padmini (June 12, 1932 - September 24, 2006) was an Indian actress and trained Bharathanatyam dancer who acted in over 250 Indian movies. ... Padmini (June 12, 1932 - September 24, 2006) was an Indian actress and trained Bharathanatyam dancer who acted in over 250 Indian movies. ... Anandha Jodhi is a Tamil language film starring Kamal Haasan in the lead role of the protagonist. ... Kamal Haasan (born November 7, 1954 in Paramakudi, India) is an Indian film actor and director, considered among the leading method actors of Indian cinema. ... Dr. Paluvayi Bhanumathi Ramakrishna (September 7, 1925 – December 24, 2005) was a noted Indian film actress, director, music director, singer, and songwriter. ... Padmini (June 12, 1932 - September 24, 2006) was an Indian actress and trained Bharathanatyam dancer who acted in over 250 Indian movies. ... Jamuna may refer to: Jamuna River in Bangladesh. ... Aayirathil Oruvan is an upcoming (2008) film directed by Selvaraghavan, who has already directed the movies Kadhal Kondein, 7G Rainbow Colony and Pudhupettai. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Jayalalitha Jayalalithaa Jayaram or J.Jayalalithaa (born February 24, 1948, Mysore) is the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, India (since March 2, 2002). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Jamuna may refer to: Jamuna River in Bangladesh. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Jayalalitha Jayalalithaa Jayaram or J.Jayalalithaa (born February 24, 1948, Mysore) is the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, India (since March 2, 2002). ... 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Apu Nahasapeemapetilon (sometimes spelled Nahasapeemapetilan) is a fictional character featured in The Simpsons television series. ... Padmini (June 12, 1932 - September 24, 2006) was an Indian actress and trained Bharathanatyam dancer who acted in over 250 Indian movies. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For other uses, see Lakshmi (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Unicorn-Kanchana[1] was an independent record label. ... For other uses, see Lakshmi (disambiguation). ... Apu Nahasapeemapetilon (sometimes spelled Nahasapeemapetilan) is a fictional character featured in The Simpsons television series. ... 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Produced movies

• 1958 - Nadodi Mannan - Directed by MGR, a movie that seeded a change in Tamilnadu’s political history
• 1969 - Adimai Pen - unusual plot set in a fictional medieval European kingdom
• 1973 - Ulagam Sutrum Valiban - MGR's second venture as Director, Shot mostly in Foreign location

Notes

1. ^ MGR
2. ^ L. R., Jegatheesan. "ஆளும் அரிதாரம்", BBC. Retrieved on 2006-11-08. (Tamil) 
3. ^ Tamil magazine Tamil news,poem,story,movie & song reviews
4. ^ M. G. Ramachandran Summary
5. ^ [1]

For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• M.G. Ramchandran: Jewel of the Masses
• The Hindu - Politics and Suicides in TN

External links

• வள்ளல் எம்.ஜி. ஆர். வாழ்க்கை வரலாறு
• 'கண்டிக் கர்ணன்' எம்.ஜி.ஆர் - யாழ் சுதாகர்
• மக்கள் திலகம் எம்.ஜி.ஆர் நடித்த பாடல் காட்சிகளில் இருந்து எடுக்கப்பட்ட வசீகரமான புகைப் படங்களின் தொகுப்பு
• Website Dedicated to Puratchithalaivar Dr MGR
• MGR - One Hundred Tamils of the 20th Century
• A Chronicle about Tamil Heroes
• M.G. Ramachandran at the Internet Movie Database

v • d • e Dravidian political parties Periyar E. V. Ramasamy  · Self-respect Movement · Anti-Hindi agitations Current Dravidian parties Dravidar Kazhagam · DMK · AIADMK · MDMK · PMK · DMDK · AILDMK Former Dravidian parties Justice party · TMM  · TMK Chief Ministers C. N. Annadurai · V. R. Nedunchezhiyan  · M. Karunanidhi · M. G. Ramachandran · Janaki Ramachandran · J. Jayalalithaa · O. Panneerselvam