NationMaster - Encyclopedia: M3 Carbine

The M1 Carbine (more formally the United States Carbine, Caliber .30, M1) was a lightweight semi-automatic rifle and carbine that was a standard firearm in the US military during World War II and the Korean War. In a select-fire version, it was known as the M2 and M3 Carbines. It has also been a popular civilian firearm as well. Image File history File links Source: http://tri. ... The word caliber (American English) or calibre (British English) comes from the Italian calibro, itself from the Arabic quâlib, meaning mould. ... The . ... The gas-operated system for implementing automatic reloading of a firearm is one of five such systems, the others being recoil-operated, gatling, chain, and blowback. ... The word caliber (American English) or calibre (British English) designates the interior diameter of a tube or the exterior diameter of a wire or rod. ... A semi-automatic rifle is a type of rifle that, when the trigger is pulled, fires a bullet and loads another cartridge from a magazine, without the need to operate a bolt or other loading mechanism. ... A carbine is a firearm similar to, but shorter or weaker than, an ordinary rifle or musket of a given period. ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons like the atom bomb. ... The Korean War (Korean: í•œêµì „ìŸ/éŸ“åœ‹æˆ°çˆ), from June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953, was a conflict between North Korea and South Korea. ...

History

The M1 Carbine was developed in order to provide soldiers with a weapon more powerful and easier to use than contemporary M1911 pistols, more accurate and cheaper than a submachine gun, but lighter and handier than the full-sized M1 Garand rifle. The M1 Carbine was particularly intended for soldiers who needed a lightweight rifle - such as paratroopers or engineers - and for soldiers who were not expected to fight on the front line. Mid 1945 produced US.M1911A1 US Army Colt by Remington Rand. ... For the coin, see pistole For the part of a flower, see pistil. ... MP5KA4 9 x 19 mm with 3-round burst trigger group A submachine gun is a firearm that combines the automatic fire of a machine gun with the ammunition of a pistol, and is usually between the two in weight and size. ... M1 Garand battle rifle The M1 Garand (more formally the United States Rifle, .30 Caliber, M1) was the first semi-automatic rifle to be put in active military service. ... An American Paratrooper using a T-10C series parachute Paratroopers are soldiers trained in parachuting and formed into an airborne force. ... Engineering is the application of science to the needs of humanity. ...

The US Army's M1 Garand rifle was orginally developed for a light .276 round, but this development was cancelled in the 1930s. This delayed introduction of the Garand, now chambered for the more powerful 30-06, until the late 1930s, and left the army without the lighter, handier rifle it had wanted. M1 Garand Nationality United States Type Semi-automatic rifle Inventor John Garand Date of design 1924 Service duration 1936 - 1957 Cartridge . ... Eight . ...

In 1938, the Chief of Infantry requested that the Ordnance Department develop a light rifle or carbine, though the formal requirement for the weapon type was not approved until 1940. This lead to a competition in 1941 by major US firearm companies and designers. Winchester Repeating Arms at first did not submit a design. The company was too busy perfecting the Winchester Military Rifle in .30-06. The rifle originated as a design by Jonathan Edmund "Ed" Browning, the half-brother of inventor Jonathan Moses Browning. A couple of months after Ed Browning died in May of 1939, Winchester hired ex-convict David M. "Carbine" Williams, a some-time bootlegger who had devised a short-stroke gas piston design while serving a prison sentence for murder. (This unlikely true story, a natural for the movie industry, was the basis of the 1952 movie Carbine Williams starring James Stewart.) Winchester hoped that Williams would be able to complete various designs left unfinished by Ed Browning. Williams first design change for the rifle was the incorporation of his short-stroke piston design. After Marine Corps semi-automatic rifle trials in 1940, Browning's rear-locking tilting bolt design was considered to be unreliable in sandy conditions. As a result, the rifle was redesigned yet again to incorporate a Garand-style rotating bolt and operating rod. The U.S. Repeating Arms Company. ... John Moses Browning (January 21, 1855â€“November 26, 1926), born in Ogden, Utah, was an American firearms designer who developed many varieties of weapons which were used in the U.S. military for decades in the 20th century. ... A bootlegger is someone who sells an illegally manufactured product. ... Carbine Williams is a 1952 American drama film directed by Richard Thorpe and starring James Stewart. ... Jimmy Stewart, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1934 James Maitland Stewart (May 20, 1908 in Indiana, Pennsylvania near Pittsburgh â€“ July 2, 1997) was an American film actor beloved for his persona as an average guy who faces adversity and tries to do the right thing, an image which was largely...

By May 1941, the rifle prototype had been shaved to a mere 7.5 pounds (3.4 kg). Winchester contacted the Ordnance Depatment to examine their design. They believed that the design could be scaled down to a carbine which weighed 4.5 to 4.75 pounds (2.0 to 2.2 kg). In response, Major René Studler demanded that they produce a carbine prototype as soon as possible. The first model was developed in 13 days by William C. Roemer and Fred Humeston. It was cobbled together using the trigger housing and lockwork of a Winchester M1905 rifle. The prototype was an immediate hit with Army observers. After the initial Army testing in August 1941, Winchester set out to develop a more refined version. The improved model competed successfully against other carbine candidates in September 1941, and Winchester was notified of their victory the very next month. Standardization as the M1 Carbine was approved October 22, 1941. Contrary to popular myth, Williams had little to do with the carbine's development. As a matter of fact, he went about creating his own design apart from the other Winchester staff. Williams' carbine design was not ready for testing until December 1941, two months after the Winchester M1 carbine had been adopted and type-classified.

The weapon was designed primarily to offer non-frontline troops a better weapon than a pistol in terms of range and hitting power, but without the cost or weight of a full power weapon. The weapon would give rear-echelon troops a better chance to defend themselves if directly attacked by front line forces. It was also easier for less experienced soldiers and smaller framed people to fire the weapon than the full power rifles of the day. In addition, it was useful for soldiers like radiomen, engineers, and medics that had to carry a lot of other equipment. Also, officers or NCO's would sometimes choose it over a submachinegun. The automatic and dedicated paratrooper versions would further expand its use.

The first M1 Carbines were delivered in mid 1942. Initially the weapon was going to be automatic-fire, but this feature was dropped on the production version. The feature would be added again on the M2 Carbine, a selective fire M1. The weapon ended up being popular among frontline troops as well and would go on to be used heavily in WWII, Korea, and to a degree in Vietnam. The weapons started to be replaced by M16s in the late 1960s, and many of the older carbines were given to the South Vietnamese. A selective fire weapon can be fired in either of at least two modes, depending on the position of the selector switch. ...

The M1 series was finally replaced by the M16 in the 1960's, though it continued to be used as a civilian firearm. The M1 series was the most produced US weapon for several decades, until surpassed by M16 production. M16 Type service rifle Nationality United States Era Vietnam, modern History Date of design 1957 Production period 1960 to present Service duration 1960 to present Operators NATO War service Vietnam War, Gulf War, Gulf War 2 Specifications Type Assault Rifle Calibre 5. ...

Design

Although the M1 Carbine is sometimes described as a development of the M1 Garand rifle, at a technical level was not. It has a different internal design, based upon a lightweight tappet-and-slide gas system and a detachable, large-capacity magazines. It fires a smaller and lighter (.30 Carbine) (.30 caliber (7.62 mm)) cartridge which is very different, in both design and performance, from the full-sized .30-'06 cartridge used by the Garand. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1414x1084, 369 KB) Description: A U.S. Infantry anti-tank crew fires on Nazis who machine-gunned their vehicle, somewhere in Holland. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1414x1084, 369 KB) Description: A U.S. Infantry anti-tank crew fires on Nazis who machine-gunned their vehicle, somewhere in Holland. ... M1 Garand Nationality United States Type Semi-automatic rifle Inventor John Garand Date of design 1924 Service duration 1936 - 1957 Cartridge . ... A rifle is any long gun which has a rifled barrel. ... The . ... There are many cartridges which use 7. ... Rimmed, centerfire . ...

The weapon was also issued to some regular troops, particularly officers, drivers, and radio operators, since it was lighter and more handy than the M1 Garand rifle, and was still considered suitable for shorter range combat. Variants including folding stocks for paratroopers and select fire versions (M2 and M3). An American Paratrooper using a T-10C series parachute Paratroopers are soldiers trained in parachuting and formed into an airborne force. ...

The Carbine was a intermediate weapon for the period; the muzzle velocity from its 18 inch barrel was 600 to 585 m/s (depending on the round), as opposed to sub-machine guns (typically 300 to 400 m/s), but less than full power rifles of the day (typically 700 to 800 m/s). For example, the M3 "grease gun" had a muzzle velocity of 281 m/s, while for the German assault rifle StG 44 it was 647 m/s, the Bren light machine gun, 744 m/s, and the Garand , 853 m/s. M3 Greasegun Type sub-machine gun Nationality US Era WW2 History Date of design 1942 Production period 1942 - Service duration 1942 - 1990 Operators US War service WW2, Korea Specifications Type Calibre . ... Sturmgewehr 44 Nationality Germany Type Assault rifle Inventor Gustloff Date of design 1943 Service duration July 1944 - May 1945 Cartridge 7. ... Bren Gun Type Light machine gun Nationality United Kingdom Era World War II History Date of design 1935 Production period 1938 - Service duration 1938 - 1958 (longer as L4) Operators United Kingdom, Commonwealth War service World War II, Korean War, Specifications Type machine gun Calibre . ...

The firearm's power should not be confused with a number later, shorter barreled firearms using the round (such as pistols). With a much shorter barrel, much less power is extracted from the powder than with a longer barrel. Another misconception is that a few layers of heavy clothing can stop bullets, but this has been shown to be incorrect in ballistic tests. Even at 300 yards (270 m), the round has more energy at under 300 ft.lbf (400 joules) then many common pistol rounds have to begin with (initial muzzle energy). In other words, even at the firearm's maximum listed range, being hit would be similar to being shot with a small pistol at point blank range. The quality of the original 300 yard (270 m) sight was also a subject of some criticism, as was its performance in extremely cold temperatures, outside of its designed operating temperature.

The M1 carbine's capabilities was between those of typical submachine guns of the period at the low end and long rifles (e.g. battle rifles) of the period at the high end. The weapon's cartridge was weaker compared to full powered cartridge/rifle combinations of the period, though the muzzle velocity (600 m/s; 1970 ft/s) is beyond any SMG of the period. The 'blunt'-nose is actually more of parabolic round shape bullet. Rounded bullets in general can be more likely to result in bullet expansion, though it is has full metal jacket. The term long rifle (or alternately longrifle) refers to a type of rifle used in early America by both military and civilians. ... A battle rifle or main battle rifle is a military longarm firing a full sized rifle cartridge. ... Rimmed, centerfire . ... Full Metal Jacket (1987) is a film by Stanley Kubrick based on the novel The Short-Timers by Gustav Hasford. ...

The M1 carbine had a high practical rate of fire and typical combat did not require the range of a full-power rifle, and the carbine's light weight, compactness, and low recoil made it a convenient self-defense weapon. These advantages made the weapon popular with many soldiers. There has often been debates about what category the M1 Carbine series fits into, especially in a historical context, but its complicated because of its hybrid nature. Its muzzle energy and range are beyond any SMG of the period, but less then the heavier rifles of its era.

Variants

Image File history File links Source: http://tri. ... Image File history File links Source: http://tri. ...

Carbine M1A1

Carbine M2

1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Categories: Military stubs | Firearm components ...

Carbine M3

Image of a small dog taken in mid-infrared (thermal) light (false color) Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation. ... This article is about the prefecture. ...

Round types

Production & usage

A total of 6.25 million M1 Carbines of various models were manufactured, thus making it the most produced small arm in American military history. Despite being designed by Winchester, the great majority of these were made by other companies. The largest producer was the Inland division of General Motors, but many others were made by contractors as diverse as IBM and the Rock-Ola jukebox company. The Winchester Repeating Arms Company was a prominent American maker of repeating weapons during the late 19th Century and the early 20th Century. ... General Motors Corporation (NYSE: GM), also known as GM, is a United States-based automobile maker with worldwide operations and brands including Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Daewoo, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab, and Vauxhall. ... International Business Machines Corporation (IBM, or colloquially, Big Blue) (NYSE: IBM) (incorporated June 15, 1911, in operation since 1888) is headquartered in Armonk, NY, USA. The company manufactures and sells computer hardware, software, and services. ... A jukebox is a partially automated music-playing device, usually a coin-operated machine, that can play specially selected songs from self-contained media. ...

Numerous M1 Carbines were obtained and used by the Israeli Palmach-based special forces in the Israeli War of Independence in 1948. Because of their compact size and semi-auto capabilities, the M1 carbines were given to reconnaisance companies of the Israeli Defence Forces. The Palmach (in Hebrew - פלמח ) was the regular fighting force of the Haganah (the underground army of Jewish settlers during the British mandate in Palestine). ... For the . ... The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, called the War of Independence by Israelis and al Nakba the catastrophe by Arabs, was the first in a series of wars in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... 1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces (army, air force and navy). ...

It was also used by police and border guard in Bavaria after WW2 and into the 1950s. Weapons that were used were stamped accordingly. For example, ones used by the border guard were stamped BUNDESGRENZSHUTZ. Some that were used were modified with different sights, finishes, and even barrels.

After the Korean War the Carbine was widely exported to US allies and client states, and was used as a front-line weapon well into the Vietnam era. The M1 was quite popular in both the Korean and Israeli militaries. Surplus Carbines are popular among firearms enthusiasts in the US and elsewhere. Starting in the mid-1950s, U.S. military surplus M1 Carbines were sold through the National Rifle Association for $20. When surplus stocks began to wane there was limited civilian production of the design by Iver-Johnson, Universal (who made some changes in the parts), and then Israel Arms International. This extended production into the 1990s. As of 2004, the M1 Carbine was again being manufactured commercially by a subsidiary of Kahr Arms - Auto Ordnance. The Korean War (Korean: í•œêµì „ìŸ/éŸ“åœ‹æˆ°çˆ), from June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953, was a conflict between North Korea and South Korea. ... The National Rifle Association, or NRA, is a highly organized 501(c)(4) group for gun promotion in the United States. ...

The M1 Carbine is still in use today by many civilian shooters and police. The .30 Carbine is used for a number of types of hunting, incuding that of white-tailed deer. Note that the round is considered underpowered for larger North American game such as elk, moose, and bear, which are significantly tougher than humans. Also, the rules do not take into the account the ability fire multiple shots, and the automatic version is highly restricted. The gun's inherent accuracy, combined with a somewhat diminished risk of over-penetration due to its round-headed comparatively lightweight projectile, is considered to be of tactical use in urban areas, where civilians may be on the other side of walls. The bullet is actually about twice as heavy 5.56 mm NATO bullets, and has a order of magnitude higher penetration then submachine guns, as various ballistic tests confirm. The Israeli police still use the M1 Carbine as standard rifle for non-combat elements and MASHAZ volunteers. The . ... Binomial name Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann, 1780 The White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), also known as the Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer found throughout the 48 contiguous states of the United States, southern Canada and as far south as Panama. ... The word Elk has several possible meanings: In Europe, Elk is the animal known in North America as the Moose (Alces alces). ... Binomial name Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758) A female moose. ... For other meanings, see Bear (disambiguation). ... The Israeli police is a civilian force in the State of Israel. ... The MASHAZ המשמר האזרחי (Ha-Mishmar ha-Ezrachi) is the Israeli Civilian Guard. ...

Current production

The Auto-Ordnance division of Kahr Arms began production of an M1 Carbine replica in 2005. It is largely a faithful reproduction of the original, albeit with a different stock (birch vs walnut) and handguard (stamped metal instead of wood), and later lever-safety (instead of the more common button safety).

Contents

History

Design

Variants

Carbine M1A1

Carbine M2

Carbine M3

Round types

Production & usage

Current production

See also

External links

Contents

History var ACE_AR = {Site: '756743', Size: '300250'};

Design

Variants

Carbine M1A1

Carbine M2

Carbine M3

Round types

Production & usage

Current production

See also

External links

History