The M47, M48 and M60 Patton were the United States Army's principal tanks of the Korean and Vietnam Wars. The model was named after General George Patton, commander of the U.S. Third Army during World War II and one of the earliest advocates for the use of tanks in battle. It was replaced in US service by the M1 Abrams. M60 Patton Tank, Public domain image from usarc. ... Powerful cannon designed to be mounted in a tank as primary armament. ... The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... The Vietnam War was a war fought roughly from 1957 to 1975 after the North Vietnamese government secretly agreed to begin involvement in South Vietnam. ... General George Smith Patton Jr. ... The M1 Abrams main battle tank is the principal combat tank of the United States Army, with three main versions being deployed starting in 1980: the M1, M1A1, and M1A2. ...

The M47/M48

In October 1950, Detroit Arsenal began work on a new medium tank that featured a 90 mm gun and would replace the M26 Pershing tanks of the late- and post-WW2 period. The first tank developed was named the M47 and production began in 1952. The Army took delivery of the first vehicles in 1953 and the tank was dubbed the M48 Patton. General characteristics Length: 6. ... German soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad World War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the worlds nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing tens of millions of lives. ...

The tank was a new design compared to the tanks of World War II, with greater protection from anti-tank weapons and much larger than any previous U.S. medium tank.

Nearly 12,000 M48s were built from 1952 to 1959. The early designs were powered by gasoline engines which gave the tank a short operating range and were prone to catching fire when hit. This version was considered unreliable and unfit for service. In 1959, the M48s were upgraded to the M48A3 model which featured a diesel power plant.

In the mid-1970s, the M48A5 upgrade was developed to allow the vehicle to carry the heavier 105 mm gun. This was designed to bring the M48s up to speed with the M60 tanks then in regular use. Most of the M48s were put into reserve service by this time. Events and trends Although in the United States and in many other Western societies the 1970s are often seen as a period of transition between the turbulent 1960s and the more conservative 1980s and 1990s, many of the trends that are associated widely with the Sixties, from the Sexual Revolution...

By the mid-1990s, the M48s were phased out of U.S. service. However, many foreign countries continue to use the M-48 models. Events and trends Technology Explosive growth of the Internet; decrease in the cost of computers and other technology Reduction in size and cost of mobile phones leads to a massive surge in their popularity Year 2000 problem (commonly known as Y2K) Microsoft Windows operating system becomes virtually ubiquitous on IBM...

M48 combat service

The M48s saw action during the Vietnam War, as did another variant, the M67A2 flamethrower tank. The M48s performed admirably in Vietnam in the infantry-support role. As there were few actual tank vs. tank battles, the M48s provided adequate shelter for its crew from small arms, mines and RPGs. The Vietnam War was a war fought roughly from 1957 to 1975 after the North Vietnamese government secretly agreed to begin involvement in South Vietnam. ... German troops use a flamethrower on the Eastern Front during the Second World War A flamethrower is a mechanical device designed to throw flames or, more correctly, project an ignited stream of liquid. ... A rocket propelled grenade (RPG) is a man-portable, shoulder-launched weapon capable of firing an explosive device longer distances than an otherwise unassisted soldier could throw. ...

M47s and M48s were first used in tank warfare by Pakistan against Indian Centurion and M4 Sherman tanks in the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War with poor results, although this was largely due to superior Indian tactics and crew ability. The Centurion was a British Main Battle Tank of the post-war era. ... General characteristics Length: 5. ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... The 1965 war, also known as the Second Kashmir War, between India and Pakistan was the culmination of a series of skirmishes that occurred between April 1965 and September 1965. ...

M48s were also used with mixed results during the 1967 Six-Day War. On the Sinai front, Israeli M48s were used with stunning success against Egyptian T-54s and T-34s supplied by the Soviet Union. However, on the West Bank front, Jordanian M48s were regularly outclassed by Israeli WWII-era M4 Shermans, the result of superior Israeli tactics and crews. The Israeli Army captured about 100 of these Jordanian M48 and M48A1 tanks and pressed them into their own service after the war. The 1967 Arab-Israeli War, also known as the Six-Day War or June War, was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. ... Sinai Peninsula, Gulf of Suez (west), Gulf of Aqaba (east) from Space Shuttle STS-40 The Sinai Peninsula (in Arabic, Shibh Jazirat Sina) is a triangle-shaped peninsula lying between the Mediterranean Sea (to the north) and Red Sea (to the south). ... The T-55 and T-54 main battle tanks were the Soviet Unions replacements for the World War II era T-34 tank. ... The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank first produced in 1940. ... General characteristics Length: 5. ...

The M60

In 1957, it was determined that the Soviets were in the process of developing a new medium tank, the T-54, with a 100 mm gun, superior to that of the American M48 tank. In response, an M48 tank was fitted with a new engine and later with a British 105 mm L7 series gun. This new vehicle (originally designated M68) was put into production in 1959, reclassified as the M60 and entered service in 1960. Over 15,000 M60s (all variants) were constructed. Soviet Union - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The T-55 and T-54 main battle tanks were the Soviet Unions replacements for the World War II era T-34 tank. ... Royal Ordnance L7 is the basic model of Britains most successful tank gun, the L7 was a 105 mm caliber rifled gun designed for use in armored fighting vehicles. ...

In 1963, the M60 was upgraded to the M60A1. This new variant, which stayed in production until 1980, featured a larger turret and improvements to the armor protection and shock absorbers.

The M60A2 featured an entirely new low-profile turret with a commander's machine-gun cupola on top, giving the commander a good view and field of fire while under armour but spoiling the low profile. It also featured a 152 mm calibre main gun similar to that of the M551 Sheridan light tank, which fired regular rounds as well as the Shillelagh anti-tank guided missile (ATGM). There were a number of problems with the new gun (such as unburnt propellent from the missile fouling the tube and pre-detonating subsequent rounds), most of which were solved to some extent, but after all the problems the A2 model was abandoned and the turret for the A3 would be based on that of the A1. Most of the M60A2 tanks were rebuilt to M60A3 standard. Cupola of St Peters Basilica, Rome In architecture, a cupola consists of a dome-shaped ornamental structure located on top of a larger roof or dome, often used as a lookout or to admit light and remove stale air. ... The M551 Sheridan is a light tank and armoured reconnaissance vehicle developed by the United States. ... The word shillelagh can mean:- A type of club (weapon). ... An Anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) is a missile the primary purpose of which is to hit and destroy tanks. ...

In 1978, work began on the M60A3 variant. It featured a number of technological enhancements, including smoke dischargers, a new rangefinder and ballistic computer and a turret stabilization system. All American M60s eventually underwent the conversion to the A3 model.

M60 combat service

The M60 first saw some action in the Vietnam War with the Marine Corps. Later the Marine Corps also used the M60A1 variant in Operation Desert Storm in opposition to the Soviet-supplied Iraqi T-72 tanks which were comparable, if slightly better-gunned than the M60s. The M60A1s supported the effort into Kuwait City. The Vietnam War was a war fought roughly from 1957 to 1975 after the North Vietnamese government secretly agreed to begin involvement in South Vietnam. ... United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States armed forces. ... See also: 2003 invasion of Iraq and Gulf War (disambiguation) C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States. ... The T-72, a Soviet main battle tank entered production in 1971. ... Kuwait City from space, November 1996 Kuwait City (also Al-Kuwait - الكويت), population 191,000 (1991), is the capital of the emirate of Kuwait and part of the Al-Asimah goveronate. ...

A few M60s and M60A1s also saw action with Israel during the 1973 Yom Kippur War in both the Sinai and the Golan Heights. The United States sent additional M60s to Israel just before and during hostilities. Following the war, the IDF received many more M48s, M60s and M60A1s from the U.S.. The Yom Kippur War (in Hebrew: Milchemet Yom HaKipurim, also known as the October War, the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, and the Ramadan War), was fought from October 6 (the day of Yom Kippur) to October 22 and 24, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Egypt and Syria. ... The Golan Heights, previously known as the Syrian Heights, are a plateau on the border of Israel, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces (army, air force and navy). ...

Israel further upgraded their stock of M60s prior to their use in the invasion of Lebanon in 1982 as part of Operation Peace for Galilee. The Israeli modifications included new tracks and explosive reactive armor (ERA). This variant was known as the Magach 6B. Further work in Israel has been done on the upgraded Magach 6 models, adding new armor, new fire controls, a thermal sleeve and smoke dischargers. This model, the Magach 7 (with variants A through C) is still in use with the IDF. 1982 is a number and represents a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar Events January-February January 6 - William Bonin is convicted of being the freeway killer. January 8 - AT&T agrees to divest itself of twenty-two subdivisions January 11 - Mark Thatcher, son of the British... The 1982 Invasion of Lebanon, dubbed Operation Peace for Galilee, began June 6, 1982, when the Israel Defence Force invaded southern Lebanon in response to the Abu Nidal organizations assassination attempt against Israels ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov. ... This article or section should include material from Explosive reactive armour Reactive armor or explosive reactive armour (ERA), is a type of armour used primarily on tanks to lessen the damage from explosions caused from missile warheads, exploding shells, grenades, or dropped bombs. ... Magach מגח (in full, Merkevet Giborey Chayil, מרכבת גיבורי חייל; Hebrew: Chariot of War Heroes) is a series of Israeli tanks, based on the American M48 and M60 Patton tanks. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces (army, air force and navy). ...

M60 versions are in service as of 2005 with Argentina, Austria, Egypt, Greece, Israel, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, and some others to varying degrees. Also, US continues to have significant stockpiles of them waiting to be scrapped, sold-off, or converted, though some versions that use the chassis see some use still.

Variants

An M60 at the War Memorial in Lake Charles, Louisiana.

• 120S - M60/Abrams hybrid vehicle.
• AB1 - Jordanian armoured recovery vehicle.
• AB9B1 - Jordanian upgrade with 120mm smoothbore gun.
• Alacran CZ-10/25E - Spanish army combat engineer variant.
  • Alacran CZ-10/30E
• AVLB - 60 foot scissors bridge on M60A1 chassis.
• CM-11 - Taiwanese version consisting of M48H turret and M60 hull and fitted with ERA.
• E-60 - mostly unmodified M60 variant(s) in Israeli service.
• M9 - Bulldozer and earthmoving equipment added to M60.
• M60 (early) - supplied initially with no commanders sub-turret weapon.
• M60 (main production)- fully equipped version.
• M60/T-84 Hybrid - M60 using T-84 components.
• M60 Interim - some changes over main production version
• M60 Super (early) - Uparmoured version with a number of small improvements.
• M60 Super (main) - modified early with no optical rangefinder ports.
• M60E1 - Long nose turret prototype.
• M60E2 - Experimental version with driver in turret and armed with Shillelagh and 20 mm cannon.
• M60A1 - Long nose turret.
• M60A1E1 (aka M66) - experimental Shillelagh armed version with three cupolas.
• M60A1E2 - experimental Shillelagh armed version with high commanders cupola.
• M60A1E3 - prototype, M60A1E2 fitted with 105 mm gun.
• M60A1E4 - Experimental type with remote control weapons.
• M60A2 - Production version with Shillelagh.
• M60A2 (Experimental) - Remote-control 20 mm cannon added/tested.
• M60A3 - upgraded version of the M60A1.
  • Also one version upgraded with KADDB armor.
  • USMC version, with reactive armor. USed in ODS
• M728 - Combat engineer version.
  • M728A1 - Upgraded version
• Magach - a whole series of improved Israeli versions.
• Mazin - Jordanian modified M60A3.
• Panther I - M60 modified into a remotely controlled mine clearing tank.
• Sabra - another Israeli version, uparmoured.
• VLPD 26/70E - Spanish Army bridgelayer based on the M60 with Leguan bridge system.
• XM60 - M48 with hemispherical turret.

Download high resolution version (1744x1035, 325 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1744x1035, 325 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Lake Charles is a city located in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, USA. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 71,757. ... Taiwan is mostly mountainous in the east, but gradually transitions to gently sloping plains in the west (satellite photo by NASA). ... ERA is an abbreviation for several different things, including: the Equal Rights Amendment, a proposed, but unratified, Constitutional amendment in United States Earned run average, a baseball statistic Engine Room Artificer Education Reform Act Engineering Research Associates, a pioneering computer firm from the 1950s Academy of European Law Trier Explosive... The word shillelagh can mean:- A type of club (weapon). ... See also: 2003 invasion of Iraq and Gulf War (disambiguation) C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States. ... Magach מגח (in full, Merkevet Giborey Chayil, מרכבת גיבורי חייל; Hebrew: Chariot of War Heroes) is a series of Israeli tanks, based on the American M48 and M60 Patton tanks. ... Sabra צבר is the word used to describe a Jew born in the Holy Land, known as Palestine or Israel. ...

Israeli variants

Israel created a extensive number of variants of the series from tanks acquired initially from a number of sources, including capturing them in battle, or from other countries such as Germany and the United States.

• E-48
  • E-48 AVLB - a M48 AVLB but with a Israeli bridge.
  • E-48 (M48A2) - basically unmodifed M48A2 from Germany
  • E-48 (M48A2C)- basically unmodifed M48A2C from Germany
  • E-48 (M48A3) - basically unmodifed M48A3 from USA
• M-60
  • E-60 - basically unmodifed main production M60
  • E-60A - basically ummodified M60A1
    • E-60A Dozer - version with M9 bulldozer kit installed
    • E-60B - basically unmodified M60A3
• Magach 1 - improved M48, upgraded with Urdan cupola and 105 mm gun
• Magach 2 - M60 with Urdan cupola
• Magach 3 - M60A1/3 with urdan cupola
• Magach 4 - version with Blazer ERA
• Magach 5 - Magach 1 with Blazer ERA
  • also version of 5 with Blazer ERA and SGD
• Magach 6 - Magach-2 with Blazer ERA
  • Magach 6 Batash - prototype vehicle for the Magach-7D armour
  • Magach 6A - Magach 3 with thermal sleeve and M60A1 rubber track
    • also version of this with both Blazer ERA and SGD
  • Magach 6B - Magach 6A with Merkava track, improved sight, Blazer and SGD (smoke grenade discharger)
    • Magach 6B Gal - prototype vehicle for the Magach-7D FCE system
  • Magach 6C / Magach 9 / Sabra - upgraded M60A3
  • Magach 6D / Sabra II - upgraded Sabra I with SGD
  • Magach 6M - Magach-6R with FCS, crosswind sensor, thermal sleeve, and merkava tracks
  • Magach 6R - Magach-6 with new gun stabiliser system
• Magach 7
  • Magach 7A - Fixed flat mantlet cover with gun 'slots', flat sides to turret
  • Magach 7B - Fixed angled mantlet cover with gun 'slots', angled sides to turret
  • Magach 7C - Fixed angled mantlet cover with gun 'slots', flat sides to turret
  • Magach 7D (renamed Magach 8) - Movable angled mantlet, angled sides to turret

Magach מגח (in full, Merkevet Giborey Chayil, מרכבת גיבורי חייל; Hebrew: Chariot of War Heroes) is a series of Israeli tanks, based on the American M48 and M60 Patton tanks. ... General characteristics Length: 7. ...

See also

• List of tanks
• Magach
• M103 heavy tank
• M1 Abrams

This is a List of armoured fighting vehicles worldwide. ... Magach מגח (in full, Merkevet Giborey Chayil, מרכבת גיבורי חייל; Hebrew: Chariot of War Heroes) is a series of Israeli tanks, based on the American M48 and M60 Patton tanks. ... The M103 heavy tank was a tank of 65 tons, it was the heaviest and most heavily armed tank in service in the United States Army and the US Marines during the Cold War. ... The M1 Abrams main battle tank is the principal combat tank of the United States Army, with three main versions being deployed starting in 1980: the M1, M1A1, and M1A2. ...

External links

• M46 Patton (http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m46patton.html)
• GlobalSecurity.org: M48 Patton (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/m48.htm)
• GlobalSecurity.org: M60 Patton (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/m60.htm)