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In science, a vibrating structure gyroscope is a type of gyroscope that functions much like the halteres of insects. Miniaturized devices on this principle can be used as a relatively inexpensive type of Attitude indicator. Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Science For the scientific journal named Science, see Science (journal). ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Halteres, (singular halter or haltere) from the Greek word for dumbbells, are small knobbed structures homologous to wings and flapped to maintain stability when flying. ...
Attitude indicator The altitude indicator (AI), also often called the artificial horizon, is an instrument used in an aircraft to inform the pilot of the altitude of the plane - it indicates attitude in both pitch (fore and aft tilt) and roll (side to side tilt). ...
The physical principle is very simple: a vibrating object tends to keep vibrating in the same plane as its support is rotated. It is therefore much simpler and cheaper than is a conventional rotating gyroscope of similar accuracy.
In the engineering literature, this type of device is also known as a Coriolis vibratory gyro because as the plane of oscillation is rotated, the response detected by the transducer results from the coriolis term in its equations of motion ("Coriolis force"). In physics, the Coriolis effect is an inertial force first described by Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, a French scientist, in 1835. ...
Implementations
Piezoelectric gyroscope A piezoelectric crystal can be induced to vibrate, and lateral motion due to coriolis force can be measured to produce a signal related to the rate of rotation [1].
Wine glass resonator Also called a hemispherical resonant gyro. Hemisphere driven to resonance and nodal points measured to indicate rotation.
Tuning fork gyroscope A pair of test masses are driven to resonate and their displacement from the plane of oscillation is measured to produce a signal related to the rate of rotation.
Vibrating wheel gyroscope A wheel is driven to rotate a fraction of a full turn about its axis. Tilt of the wheel is measured to produce a signal related to the rate of rotation.
MEMS gyroscope Relatively inexpensive (around US$30 per part in quantity as of early 2006) vibrating structure gyroscopes using MEMS technology are available. These can be implemented as the tuning fork resonator, vibrating wheel or (planar) wine glass resonator [2]. Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) is the technology of the very small, and merges at the nanoscale into Nanoelectromechanical Systems (NEMS) and Nanotechnology. ...
Applications
Spacecraft orientation The oscillation can also be induced and controlled in the vibrating structure gyroscope for the positionning of spacecrafts such as Cassini-Huygens. Theses small Hemispherical Resonator Gyroscopes made of quartz operate in vacuum. They provide accurate 3 axis positioning of the spacecraft and are highly reliable over the years as they don't have any moving parts.
Automotive Automotive roll sensors can be built around vibrating structure gyroscopes. These can be used to detect rollovers, or to supply input to electronic stability control systems. Electronic Stability Control (ESC) is the generic term for systems designed to improve a vehicles handling, particularly at the limits where the driver might lose control of the vehicle. ...
Other The Segway Human Transporter employs a vibrating structure gyroscope made by Silicon Sensing Systems to maintain stability of the operator platform [3]. Inventor Dean Kamen demonstrates the Segway HT at the U.S. Department of Commerce on February 14, 2002. ...
References - ^ NEC ceramic piezo gyros includes animated illustration
- ^ White paper - "A Critical Review of MEMS Gyroscopes Technology and Commercialization Status" Steven Nasiri, Invensense, ca. 2005
- ^ ibid
External links - New iMEMS® Angular-Rate-Sensing Gyroscope John Geen, Analog Devices
- Silicon Sensing - Case Study: Segway HT
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