ML is a programming language originally developed at the University of Edinburgh around twenty years ago.
ML is a high-level language that abstracts away from the machine so that the programmer doesn't have to worry about low-level details like memory management, data representation and pointer chasing.
ML is particularly good for language-processing, hence its widespread use amongst the research community in compilers, interpreters, program analysis tools, theorem provers and formal verifiers.
ML has higher-order functions: functions can be passed as arguments, stored in data structures, and returned as results of function calls.
ML supports information hiding, so that one can implement a data type whose representation is hidden by an interface that just exports functions to construct and operate on the type.
The ML language is clearly specified by The Definition of Standard ML (Revised) (Milner, Tofte, Harper, MacQueen, MIT Press, 1997), which defines the language in 93 pages of mathematical notation and English prose.
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