Ma Bufang (Chinese: 馬步芳; 1903–1975), was a prominent Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the northwestern province of Qinghai. He was the son of Ma Qi (馬麒), who formed the Ninghai Army in Qinghai in 1915, and received civilian and military posts from the Beiyang Government in Beijing in that same year confirming his military and civilian authority in Qinghai. He sided with Feng Yuxiang's Guominjun until the Central Plains War, when he switched to the winning side of Chiang Kai-shek. Ma Qi died in 1931 and his power was succeeded by his brother Ma Lin (warlord) (馬麟), who was appointed governor of Qinghai). 1900 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Flag of Xibei San Ma The Ma clique (Traditional Chinese: 馬家軍; Simplified Chinese: 马家军; pinyin: MÇŽ JiājÅ«n; literally Ma family army) was a family of warlords who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910s until 1949. ... A warlord is a person with power who has de facto military control of a subnational area due to armed forces loyal to the warlord and not to a central authority. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... Qinghai (Chinese: 青海; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching-hai; Postal System Pinyin: Tsinghai; Tibetan: མཚོ་སྔོན་ mtsho-sngon; Mongolian: Köke Naγur; Manchu: Huhu Noor) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, named after the enormous Qinghai Lake. ... Ma Qi (1869 - 1931) A Muslim, he was born in 1869 in Daohe, now part of Linxia, Gansu, China. ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... “Peking” redirects here. ... Feng Yü-hsiang (Traditional Chinese:馮玉祥, Simplified Chinese: 冯玉祥, pinyin: Féng Yùxíang; 1882-1948) was a warlord during the early years of the Republic of China. ... The Guominjun (Traditional Chinese: 國民軍; Simplified Chinese: 国民军; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kuominchun), or Nationalist Army, refers to the military faction founded by Feng Yuxiang during Chinas Warlord Era. ... Combatants Forces of Chiang Kai-shek Forces of the coalition of Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang and Li Zongren Commanders Han Fuqu, Liu Zhi Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren Strength 600,000 800,000 Casualties ~95,000+ ~150,000+ Central Plains War (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) was a civil... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was the Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. ... Ma Lin (1873 - d. ...

In 1936, under the order of Chiang Kai-shek, with the help of Ma Zhongying's remnant force in Gansu and Ma Hongkui's and Ma Hongbin's force from Ningxia, Ma Bufang and his brother Ma Buqing played an important role in annihilate Zhang Guotao's 21,800 strong force that crossed the Yellow River in an attempt of expand the communist base. Later on Ma Bufang rose with the help of Kuomintang involvement and forced his uncle Ma Lin to concede his position, in 1937. That was when Ma Bufang actually became governor of Qinghai, with military and civilian powers, and stayed ruler until the Communist victory in 1949. During Ma Bufang's rise to power, along with his brother Ma Buqing and cousins Ma Hongkui and Ma Hongbin, they were instrumental in help another cousin of theirs, Ma Zhongying to prevail in Gansu, because they did not want Ma Zhongying to compete with them in their own turfs, so they encouraged and supported Ma Zhongying to develop his own power base in other regions such as Gansu and Xinjiang. Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was the Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. ... Ma Chung-ying (Ma Zhongying ) was Hui (Chinese Muslim) leader and a warlord of the Gansu province during the 1930s period. ... Gansu (Simplified Chinese: 甘肃; Traditional Chinese: 甘肅; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kan-su, Kansu, or Kan-suh) is a province located in the northwest of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Ma Hongkui 馬鴻逵, (1892-1970) was a prominent warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the northwestern province of Ningxia. ... Ma Hongbin 馬鴻賓 (b. ... Ningxia (Simplified Chinese: 宁夏; Traditional Chinese: 寧夏; Pinyin: Níngxià; Wade-Giles: Ning-hsia; Postal Pinyin: Ningsia), full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Simplified Chinese: 宁夏回族自治区; Traditional Chinese: 寧夏回族自治區; Pinyin: Níngxià Huízú Zìzhìqū), is a Hui autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China, located on the northwest Loess... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other Yellow Rivers, see Yellow River (disambiguation). ... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ma Hongkui 馬鴻逵, (1892-1970) was a prominent warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the northwestern province of Ningxia. ... Ma Hongbin 馬鴻賓 (b. ... Ma Chung-ying (Ma Zhongying ) was Hui (Chinese Muslim) leader and a warlord of the Gansu province during the 1930s period. ... Gansu (Simplified Chinese: 甘肃; Traditional Chinese: 甘肅; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kan-su, Kansu, or Kan-suh) is a province located in the northwest of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Ma Chung-ying (Ma Zhongying ) was Hui (Chinese Muslim) leader and a warlord of the Gansu province during the 1930s period. ... Ma Chung-ying (Ma Zhongying ) was Hui (Chinese Muslim) leader and a warlord of the Gansu province during the 1930s period. ... Gansu (Simplified Chinese: 甘肃; Traditional Chinese: 甘肅; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kan-su, Kansu, or Kan-suh) is a province located in the northwest of the Peoples Republic of China. ... For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ...

In the August of 1949, the Chinese Communist People's Liberation Army PLA, led by General Peng Dehuai, defeated Ma's army and occupied Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu. Ma fled to Chongqing then Hong Kong. In the October, Chiang Kai-shek urged him to return to the Northwest to resist PLA, and he fled to Saudi Arabia with more than 200 relatives and subordinates, in the name of pilgrimage. The acronym PLA may mean: Palestine Liberation Army Peoples Liberation Army of the Peoples Republic of China, the worlds largest military. ... Peng Dehuai . Péng Déhuái (T. Chinese: 彭德懷, S. Chinese: 彭德怀, Wade-Giles: Peng Te-huai) (October 24, 1898 - November 29, 1974) was a prominent Chinese Communist military leader. ... Lanzhou (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Lan-chou; Postal map spelling: Lanchow) is the capital of and a prefecture-level city in the Gansu province, China. ... Chongqing (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Postal map spelling: Chungching, also Chungking) is the largest and most populous of the Peoples Republic of Chinas four provincial-level municipalities, and the only one in the less densely populated western half of China. ... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was the Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. ... This article is about the religious or spiritual journey. ...

In 1950, Ma moved to Egypt. In 1957, after the establishment of diplomatic relations built between Egypt and the People's Republic of China, Ma was transferred by Taipei to serve as the ROC's ambassador to Saudi Arabia. Ma served in this post for four years, during which period he never returned to Taiwan. In 1961, owing to a scandal surrounding Ma's having forced his niece to become his concubine, Ma was removed from his post as ROC ambassador to Saudi Arabia. Ma, to avoid punishment by the ROC government, chose to seek Saudi citizenship. He remained in Saudi Arabia until his death in 1975. Although Ma Bufang had numerous concubines, he only had one son, Ma Jiyuan (马继援), who became a divisional commander in Ma Bufang's army. Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A swampy marsh area ...

Career

• ? General Officer Commanding 9th New Division
• ? General Officer Commanding II New Corps
• 1938 - 1949 Military-Governor of Qinghai Province
• 1938 - 1941 General Officer Commanding LXXXII Corps
• 1943 - 1945 Commander in Chief 40th Army Group

See also

• Ma clique

Links: Flag of Xibei San Ma The Ma clique (Traditional Chinese: 馬家軍; Simplified Chinese: 马家军; pinyin: Mǎ Jiājūn; literally Ma family army) was a family of warlords who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910s until 1949. ...

• 民国军阀派系谈 (The Republic of China warlord cliques discussed ) http://www.2499cn.com/junfamulu.htm

Sources:

• The Generals of WWII, Generals from China