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Encyclopedia > Ma Chao
Ma Chao
Qing Dynasty illustration.
Military general of Shu Han
Born 176
Died 222
Names
Simplified Chinese 马超
Traditional Chinese 馬超
Pinyin Mǎ Chāo
Wade-Giles Ma Ch'ao
Courtesy name Mengqi (孟起)
Other names Ma Chao the Splendid
(錦馬超)

Ma Chao (176 - 222) was the eldest son of Ma Teng and a military general during the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. In Luo Guanzhong's 14th century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms he received the nickname "Ma Chao the Splendid" due to his elaborate armour and grand skill as a warrior. Ma Chao is remembered as one of the Five Tiger Generals of the Kingdom of Shu, popularized by The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (396x661, 56 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ma Chao ... Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Qing China at its greatest extent. ... The Kingdom of Shu (蜀 shǔ) (221 – 263) was one of the Three Kingdoms competing for control of China after the fall of the Han Dynasty. ... Events Births Deaths Category: ... This article is about the year 222. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Traditional Chinese (Traditional Chinese: 正體字/繁體字, Simplified Chinese: 正体字/繁体字) refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name, is an extra name that could be used in place of the given name. ... Events Births Deaths Category: ... This article is about the year 222. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese characters: 漢朝, Simplified Chinese characters: 汉朝, pinyin Hàncháo 202 BC - AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ... The Three Kingdoms period (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a period in the history of China, part of an era of disunity called the Six Dynasties. ... Luo Guanzhong (Traditional Chinese: 羅貫中, Wade Giles: Lo Kuan-chung) was a 14th century Chinese author attributed with writing Romance of the Three Kingdoms and editing Outlaws of the Marsh, two of the most revered adventure epics in Chinese literature. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... For other uses, see Romance of the Three Kingdoms (disambiguation). ... The Five Tiger Generals (五虎將) of the Kingdom of Shu during the period of Three Kingdoms in China were Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Ma Chao, and Huang Zhong, named in honour of their contributions to the establishment of the kingdom. ... The Kingdom of Shu (蜀 shǔ) (221 – 263) was one of the Three Kingdoms competing for control of China after the fall of the Han Dynasty. ...

Contents

Life

Early life

Ma Chao was from Fufeng Prefecture's Maoling County; he was born of mixed blood — half Han Chinese and half Qiang. In the latter years of Emperor Ling's reign, his father, Ma Teng together with Han Sui, Bian Zhang and others built an army in Liangzhou. Later on, Ma Teng and Han Sui led their troops to Chang'an. The Han imperial court gave a title of "General who Controls the West" (鎮西將軍) to Han Sui and ordered him to return to Jincheng while giving the title of "General who Conquers the West" (征西將軍) to Ma Teng and stationed him at Mei County (in the province of Shaanxi). Later, Ma Teng attacked Chang'an but was defeated and retreated to Liangzhou. Meanwhile, Zhong Yao, who protected the pass of Guanzhong, wrote a letter to Ma Teng and Han Sui informing them of an interest in forming an alliance. Subsequently, Ma Teng and Han Sui had some disagreements and Ma Teng asked to return to the vicinity of the capitol. So the Han imperial court summoned Ma Teng back and made him a Commandant of the Palace Guards.[1] Language(s) Chinese languages Religion(s) Predominantly Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, and atheism. ... The Qiang people (羌族; Pinyin: qiāng zú) are an ethnic group. ... Format of naming convention in English is under discussion at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese). ... Han Sui (??–215) was a warrior and military leader in the waning years of the Han Dynasty and in the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. ... For other uses, see Changan (disambiguation). ...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ShÇŽnxÄ«; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a north-central province of the Peoples Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River as well as the Qinling Mountains across the... Zhong Yao (Chinese:鍾繇, sometimes translated to Zhong You, 151-230) was a certain minister of Wei. ... Location within China Guangzhou is the capital of Guangdong Province in southern China. ...


Cao Cao recommended Ma Teng’s firstborn son, Ma Chao, to serve in office, but Ma Chao declined. Later on, however, Ma Chao became Sili Xiaowei Dujun Congshi (roughly meaning a subordinate military officer of Sili Xiaowei),[2] and accompanied Zhong Yao to Pingyang and suppress Guo Yuan and Gao Gan.[3] In the ensuing battle, Ma Chao was hit by an arrow on the foot, but he took a pouch, wrapped his foot in it, and continued fighting and beheaded Guo Yuan.[4] The court made him Inspector of the Xu province, and then transferred him to be an Imperial Consultant. When Ma Teng went into the Capital, Ma Chao was made Lieutenant-General, and ordered to take over Ma Teng’s command. He also received the title of Marquis of Duting. The court also made Ma Chao’s younger brother Ma Xiu Chief Commandant of the Charioteers, and Ma Xiu’s younger brother Ma Tie Colonel of the Cavalry. All their families were sent to Ye city, but Ma Chao stayed behind.[5] Cáo Cāo (155 – March 15, 220, pronounced Tsau Tsau) was a regional warlord and the second last Chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during its final years in ancient China. ... Linfen (Traditional Chinese: 臨汾; Simplified Chinese: 临汾) is a prefecture-level city in southern Shanxi province, Peoples Republic of China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Ma Xiu (馬休; d. ... Ma Tie (馬鐵; d. ... Ye was a city in ancient China. ...


Uprising against Cao Cao

After he took control of Ma Teng's forces, Ma Chao reconciled with Han Sui. He also contacted Yang Qiu, Li Kan, Cheng Yi and others, and started the Battle of Tong Pass. Cao Cao personally negotiated with Ma Chao and Han Sui. Ma Chao thought highly about his own ability and had planned to capture Cao Cao alive. His charges were only held back by Cao Cao’s personal bodyguard, Xu Chu. After executing Ma Chao's family in Ye for his rebellion, Cao Cao used Jia Xu's ploy to drive Han Sui and Ma Chao apart and instigated them to be suspicious of each other. Thus, their forces were annihilated and Ma Chao escaped to the west and lived among the tribes. Cao Cao pursued him to Anding (安定) when he heard about unrest in the north and ordered his troops to return. Yang Fu warned Cao Cao, "Ma Chao has the courage of Ying Bu and Han Xin, and he has the support of the Qiangs and the other tribes. If you order the army to retreat now and we don't have enough forces here, we forfeit the prefectures of Longxi."[6] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Li Kan a notable officer serving under Han Sui. ... Cheng Yi (成宜; d. ... Combatants Cao Cao Coalition of Guanxi forces Commanders Cao Cao Ma Chao Han Sui Hou Xuan Cheng Yin Yang Qiu Li Kan† Zhang Heng† Liang Xing Cheng Yi† Ma Wan† Strength  ? 100,000 Three Kingdoms Yellow Turbans – Dong Zhuo – Jieqiao – Wancheng – Xiapi – Yijing – Guandu – Bowang – Xiakou – Changban – Red Cliffs – Tong... Xu Chu was a warrior living in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... Jia Xu (147 - 224 AD) was an advisor to the Wei Kingdom. ... Yang Fu a notable tactician of Liang, that at one time revolted against Ma Chao, which ultimately drove him off along with the help of Xiahou Yuan. ... Han Xin (Simplified Chinese:韩信;Traditional Chinese:韓信; pinyin: Hán Xìn) (?-196 BC), aka Marquess of Huaiyin (淮陰侯), was a capable Chinese general under Liu Bang. ...


Sure enough, Ma Chao attacked the prefectures of Longxi with the forces of the western tribes and the prefectures took their lead from him, except for the city of Jicheng (冀城).[7] When he conquered Jicheng, Ma Chao killed the Inspector of Liangzhou, Wei Kang, occupied the city and controlled Wei Kang’s forces. He called himself the General Who Conquers the West and took over the governance of Bingzhou and the military matters of Liangzhou. The deputies who served under Wei Kang, Yang Fu, Jiang Xu, Liang Kuan, Zhao Qu and others plotted against Ma Chao. Yang Fu and Jiang Xu revolted in Licheng and Ma Chao left Jicheng to quell the uprising, but was not successful. Meanwhile, Liang Kuan and Zhao Qu closed the gates to Jicheng and Ma Chao could not return to the city. He had little choice but to seek refuge with Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. Yang Fu a notable tactician of Liang, that at one time revolted against Ma Chao, which ultimately drove him off along with the help of Xiahou Yuan. ... Zhang Lu (? - ?) was a warlord during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. ... Hanzhong (Simplified Chinese: 汉中; Traditional Chinese: 漢中; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hanchung) is a city in Shaanxi province, in central China. ...


Service under Zhang Lu

Ma Chao was unhappy with Zhang Lu because he felt Zhang Lu was not capable enough nor ambitious enough to accomplish great tasks.[8] He would ask Zhang Lu for troops to attack Liangzhou from time to time, but was never triumphant.


Zhang Lu once thought of marrying his daughter to Ma Chao, but Wang Shang, one of Zhang Lu's officers, dissuaded him, saying "Ma Chao is full of courage but not humanity; he knows no allegiance. He can not be trusted in a relationship that calls for an interdependency."[9] (referring to his uprising that doomed his clan). Ma Chao was deeply regretful for causing the death of his family, as on one New Year's Day, he laments with younger cousin Ma Dai: "A family of hundreds, sharing the same fate in one day. Now are there only the two of us to give greetings to each other?" This article is about January 1 in the Gregorian calendar. ... Ma Dai was a general of the kingdom of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period and former officer under Ma Teng, and later Ma Chao. ...


Zhang Lu grew to distrust Ma Chao more and more, and sent Yang Bo to monitor him. Ma Chao then left Zhang Lu to live with the Di people. The Di (氐) were an ethnic group in China. ...


Service under Liu Bei

Meanwhile, Liu Bei attacked Liu Zhang in Chengdu and sent Li Kui to convince Ma Chao to join him.[10] Ma Chao responded by killing Yang Bo and leading his men to defect to Liu Bei. When Liu Bei heard that Ma Chao was coming, he said delightedly, "I am going to get Yizhou!"[11] He sent an envoy to greet Ma Chao. Ma Chao led his men to the north side of Chengdu, capital city of Liu Zhang. There was great fear within the city. Within ten days, Liu Zhang surrendered.[12] Ma Chao was appointed as "General Who Pacifies the West" (平西將軍) and put in charge of the areas of Linju (臨沮) as befitting a Marquis of Duting, which was the title awarded by the Han court to Ma Chao. When Liu Bei became Prince of Hanzhong, he gave Ma Chao the titles of "General of the Left" (左將軍). In 221, Ma Chao was appointed as "General of the Agile Cavalry" (驃騎將軍) and governor of the Province of Liang. He also received a noble title of Marquis of Lixiang.[13] This is a Chinese name; the family name is 劉 (Liu) Liú Bèi (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) (161 – 223), courtesy name Xuándé (玄徳), was a powerful warlord and the founding emperor of the Kingdom of Shu during the Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... Ruler of the Yi province and kinsman to Liu Bei. ... Not to be confused with Chengde. ... Li Kui (李逵) was a character in the Chinese folklore novel Water Margin. ... Not to be confused with Chengde. ... Events June 26 - Roman Emperor Elagabalus adopts Alexander Severus as his heir. ...


Liu Bei wrote to Ma Chao, "I am incapable but I needed to preserve the Han dynasty. Cao Cao and his son ruined the country would be remembered by all for their sins. I am disconsolate by their wrongdoings. Our people loathed them and hope to regain the Han realm such that the Di, Qiang and Xunyu and other tribes on all corners of China will be willing to join us. You are in good esteem of the northerners and your valor is well-known there. I have an important task for you: I hope you use your great influence to govern them and be concerned about the sufferings of the people. You must show the benefits of the Han government. Be fair in your task to reward the good and punish the wrongdoers. Add to the fortunes of the Han culture and not let our people down."[14]


Ma Chao passed away at the age of 47 in second year of Zhangwu’s reign as a result of illness. Before he died, he wrote to Liu Bei, "Most of my extended family of two hundred odd were killed by Cao Cao. Only my younger cousin Ma Dai is left. Let him continue what is left of our family. I entrust him to you. That is all I have to say."[15]


Liu Bei gave Ma Chao the posthumous title of Marquis of Yuewei which Ma Chao’s son, Ma Cheng, inherited. Ma Dai's post rose to "General Who Pacifies the North" (平北將軍), and he received the noble title Marquis of Chenchan. Ma Chao's daughter married Prince of Anping, Liu Li.[16] Liu Li (born 12 March 1971) is a retired Chinese middle distance runner who specialized in the 800 and 1500 metres. ...


Romance of the Three Kingdoms

The main difference between the historical version and the fiction is the sequence of events and Ma Chao’s character:

  • In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Ma Teng was executed which was why Ma Chao led an uprising. In the historical version, Ma Chao led an uprising which caused Ma Teng to be executed.
  • In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Ma Chao was described as "brave but incapable" (Chapter 64). That does not tally with the comments of Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang, two brilliant minds of the time, who gave him high praises.
  • In the most versions of Romance of the Three Kindoms, Ma Chao dies in 225 after Zhuge Liang returns from the Man campaign to subdue the south.

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhuge (諸葛) Zhuge Liang (181 - 234) was one of the greatest Chinese strategists of the Three Kingdoms period, as well as a statesman, engineer, scholar, and inventor. ...

Battle of Tong Pass

In 211, Cao Cao executed Ma Teng, who was a conspirator against him, along with Ma Tie. Ma Chao, seeking revenge, mobilized his forces to wage war against Cao Cao. Together with his father's sworn brother Han Sui, Ma Chao set off for Chang'an and conquered it easily. Having conquered Chang'an they advanced towards Tong Pass. Thus Cao Cao immediately dispatched Xu Huang and Cao Hong with 10,000 troops to Tong Pass and issued orders that they must refrain from engaging the enemy and defend the pass for ten days. However, on the ninth day Cao Hong could no longer put up with the insults and taunts shouted by Ma Chao and his army and therefore led a contingent of troops out of the pass to fight Ma Chao's forces without permission. Xu Huang came out to help Cao Hong but the two of them were no match for Ma Chao who successfully took the pass. Cao Cao led troops personally to recapture Tong Pass and Ma Chao defeated many of Cao Cao's top generals such as Zhang He and Yu Jin single handedly. This article is about the year 211. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Xu Xu Huang (169 – 227) was a prominent general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao and his successor Cao Pi during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... Cao Hong (169 - 233) was a warrior of the Kingdom of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. ... For the 15th Century fleet Admiral, see Zheng He Zhang He (張郃) (167 – 231) was a distinguished military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... Yu Jin (? – 220) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ...


Ma Chao then directly attacked Cao Cao. Cao Cao, in a bid to escape, cut off his beard and threw away his robe to avoid being identified by Ma Chao's troops before being rescued by Cao Hong and Xiahou Yuan. In order to cut off Ma Chao's supplies lines, Cao Cao led troops to cross the river but Ma Chao was prepared and ambushed him instead. According to legend, if not for Xu Chu's bravery and loyalty, Cao Cao would certainly have perished there. Later Ma Chao was challenged to a duel by Xu Chu, a man of herculean strength and one leader of Cao Cao's personal bodyguards (the other being Dian Wei, who was dead at that time). Ma Chao fought with Xu Chu in a long bloody duel with no victor, and the duel was cut off by Cao Cao after he ordered his troops to advance. Back at his camp Ma Chao praised Xu Chu as a true mighty warrior with the well earned name "Mad Tiger". In the days ahead, Ma Chao harassed Cao Cao's troops and gave them no chance of setting up camps. Knowing that it would be very difficult to defeat a valiant general like Ma Chao, Cao Cao accepted his adviser Jia Xu's proposal to pretend to make peace with Ma Chao and at the same time attempt to turn Ma Chao and Han Sui against each other. Slowly the two men were driven apart. Ma Chao thought that Han Sui had collaborated with Cao Cao against him and tried to kill Han Sui, but only managed to chop off Han Sui's hand. In the ensuing confusion, Cao Cao launched an attack on his confused enemies and overcame them. Xiahou Yuan (? – 219) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... Dian Wei (? – 197) was a warrior during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ...


Battle of Jiameng Pass

Main article: Battle of Jiameng Pass
Zhang Fei and Ma Chao duel at Jiameng Pass
Zhang Fei and Ma Chao duel at Jiameng Pass

Ma Chao, together with his cousin Ma Dai and his subordinate Pang De, escaped and later sought refuge with the warlord Zhang Lu. Later Zhang Lu sent Ma Chao to rescue Liu Zhang's Yizhou from Liu Bei's invading forces. The first encounter with Liu Bei's army was with Zhang Fei in Jiameng Pass (葭萌關). The two men fought like tigers for long periods on two occasions with no signs of either one gaining an upper hand. Fearing that either one would get hurt, Liu Bei consulted Zhuge Liang and they agreed that such a valiant and highly skilled general like Ma Chao would be a waste if any harm fell on him or Zhang Fei. An envoy was thus sent to persuade Ma Chao to defect over to Liu Bei, and tricks were used to make Liu Zhang distrust Ma Chao. Ma Chao, being in a fix then, switched his allegiance over to Liu Bei. The Battle of Jiameng Pass was a fictional battle in the Chinese novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms between Liu Bei and Zhang Lu in 214 A.D. during the Three Kingdoms period in China. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x621, 400 KB)Photograph of the painting Zhang Feis Fight with Ma Chao inside the Long Corridor on the grounds of the Summer Palace in Beijing, China. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x621, 400 KB)Photograph of the painting Zhang Feis Fight with Ma Chao inside the Long Corridor on the grounds of the Summer Palace in Beijing, China. ... Pang De (? – 219) was a prominent general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ...   (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: SzÅ­4-chuan1; Postal map spelling: Szechwan and Szechuan) is a province in the central-western China with its capital at Chengdu. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhang Zhang Fei (?-221 AD) was a general of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. ...


Quotations

"Ma Chao is both a scholar and a warrior. His might is exceptional. He is a peerless hero, the likes of Ying Bu and Peng Yue". – Zhuge Liang (Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6.3) Peng Yue (å½­è¶Š) (BC ? -196) served Liu Bang. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhuge (諸葛) Zhuge Liang (181 - 234) was one of the greatest Chinese strategists of the Three Kingdoms period, as well as a statesman, engineer, scholar, and inventor. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ...


"If the baby horse (Ma) doesn’t die, I wouldn’t be able to have a burial site!" – Cao Cao (Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6 Note San yang gong zai ji) Cáo Cāo (155 – March 15, 220, pronounced Tsau Tsau) was a regional warlord and the second last Chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during its final years in ancient China. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ...


"Ma Chao has the courage of Ying Bu and Han Xin" – Yang Fu (Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6.11; ibid. Scroll 25 Wei Book 25.9) Han Xin (Simplified Chinese:韩信;Traditional Chinese:韓信; pinyin: Hán Xìn) (?-196 BC), aka Marquess of Huaiyin (淮陰侯), was a capable Chinese general under Liu Bang. ... Yang Fu a notable tactician of Liang, that at one time revolted against Ma Chao, which ultimately drove him off along with the help of Xiahou Yuan. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ...


"Ma Chao is brave but unprincipled." – Yang Fu (Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 25 Wei Book 25.10) Yang Fu a notable tactician of Liang, that at one time revolted against Ma Chao, which ultimately drove him off along with the help of Xiahou Yuan. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ...


"Ma Chao because of his ability to control the Western tribes and also because of his courage was conceited and brought about the doom of his entire clan. What a great pity! But he overcame his difficult position and reached a state of tranquility. Isn't that compensation?" – Chen Shou (Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6.18) Chen Shou (陳壽) (233-297), courtesy name Chengzuo (承祚) was the author of the Sanguo Zhi, a historical account of the Three Kingdoms period of China. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ...


"A veritable tiger of a general." – Liu Bei (Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chap. 65) This is a Chinese name; the family name is 劉 (Liu) Liú Bèi (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) (161 – 223), courtesy name Xuándé (玄徳), was a powerful warlord and the founding emperor of the Kingdom of Shu during the Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... For other uses, see Romance of the Three Kingdoms (disambiguation). ...


Modern references

Ma Chao, as he appears in Dynasty Warriors 5.

Ma Chao is a character from the Dynasty Warriors series, developed by Koei. Being a playable character and introduced in Dynasty Warriors 2, he is portrayed as a brave and highly skilled warrior who fights for justice and is eager to end the chaos. He bears the nickname "Ma Chao the splendid" and is known for his elaborate armour. The storyline of his musou mode in Dynasty Warriors 5, speaks of his military life, serving under his father Ma Teng and training to be a great warrior. However, tragedy will strike when he hears of his father's death, executed by Cao Cao for treason, Ma Chao will try to take revenge, but ultimately fail. After wandering the land, he would find service under Liu Bei, taken in by his beliefs on virtue, he would change his ways, vowing to fight for justice, virtue and to end the chaos. He is known to frequently mention his own spear during battle, which shows his confidence and determination. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (396x661, 56 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ma Chao ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (396x661, 56 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ma Chao ... Dynasty Warriors 5 (真・三國無双4) is a beat em up video game set in China and the fifth installment in the Dynasty Warriors series, developed by Omega Force and published by Koei, the game was released on the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. ... The Logo of Shin Sangokumusou 5 (Dynasty Warriors 6) Dynasty Warriors ( 真・三國無双:Shin Sangokumusou in Japan; literally meaning True - Unrivaled Three Kingdoms) is a series of video games created by Koei based loosely around the Romance of the Three Kingdoms epic, and is a spinoff series of another Koei game Romance... Koeis Current Company Logo Koei Co. ... Dynasty Warriors 2 (真・三國無双) is the second game in Koeis Dynasty Warriors series, available on Playstation 2. ... Dynasty Warriors 5 (真・三國無双4) is a beat em up video game set in China and the fifth installment in the Dynasty Warriors series, developed by Omega Force and published by Koei, the game was released on the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. ...


Ma Chao fights with a spear called 'Silver Stallion', with good speed and rage, he is a flexible warrior who is able to fight skillfully on both foot and horse. His style of fighting is similar to Jiang Wei's, it is a good mix between strength and speed. Ma Chao also has indirect attacks, known to either to plant his spear in the ground and kick his opponent, attack with the butt of his spear and capable of sending a deadly shock wave by ramming his spear into the ground. Jiang Wei (202 - 264) was a miltary general and later regent of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China. ...


In Warriors Orochi, he was leading a resistance team along with Mori Ranmaru in an attack in Mt. Ding Jun. The rebellion is quelled and his comrade Ranmaru joins Sun Ce while Ma Chao escapes. Later he is trying to save people from Orochi and evacuate them to Zenkoji. with a little help from Oda Nobunaga and Ma's close friend Huang Zhong they were able to withstand Sima Yi's onslaught at Kawanakajima and Ma Chao pledges his spear forever to the Oda clan. Warriors Orochi, known in Japan as Musō Orochi ), is a PlayStation 2 and XBOX360 action video game developed by Koei and Omega Force. ... Mori Ranmaru More Ranmaru (Born Mori Nagasada) was the son of Mori Yoshinari in the Mino region northeast of present day Nagoya. ... Sun Ce (175 – 200) was a military general and warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Huang Zhong (黄忠; style name: Hansheng 汉升) (? - 220), was born Nanyang (in modern day Henan province). ... Sima Yi (179 - 251) was a general, military strategist, and politician of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. ... The Oda clan crest The Oda clan is a daimyo family descended from Taira no Sukemori. ...


Notes

  1. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6.10
  2. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6 Note Dianlüe
  3. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6.10
  4. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6 Note Dianlüe
  5. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6 Note Dianlüe
  6. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6.11
  7. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 25 Wei Book 25.9
  8. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6.11
  9. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 38 Shu Book 8 Note Yizhou qi jiu chuan
  10. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 43 Shu Book 13.5
  11. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6 Note Dianlüe
  12. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6 Note Dianlüe
  13. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6.12
  14. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6.12
  15. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6.12
  16. ^ Records of Three Kingdoms Scroll 36 Shu Book 6.12

The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ...

References

  • Chen, Shou. 三国志全译. ed. Wu Shundong, Tan Shuchun, Chen Aiping. ISBN 7-221-03447-8.
  • Chen, Shou. 白话三囯志. ISBN 7-5325-2115-X.
  • Fang, Shiming. 三国人物散论. ISBN : 7-5325-2755-7
  • Zhang, Dake. 三囯人物新传. ISBN : 7-5075-1421-8

See also

The Three Kingdoms period (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a period in the history of China, part of an era of disunity called the Six Dynasties. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... The Records of Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, that was composed by Chen Shou in the 3rd century. ... For other uses, see Romance of the Three Kingdoms (disambiguation). ...

External links

  • KongMing Archives' San Guo Zhi Translation of Ma Chao's biography
  • Romance of the Three Kingdoms Ma Chao Biography

  Results from FactBites:
 
Ma Chao - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1580 words)
Ma Chao was one of the Five Tiger Generals of Shu according to The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Later Ma Chao was challenged to a duel by Xu Chu, a man of herculean strength and one leader of Cao Cao's personal bodyguards (the other being Dian Wei, who was dead at that time).
Ma Chao died in 222 AD due to illness, when he was 46.
Ma Dai - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (214 words)
Ma Dai (馬岱) was a general of the Kingdom of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period in China and former officer under Ma Teng (who was his uncle), and later Ma Chao, eldest son of Ma Teng and, finally, Liu Bei, founder of the Kingdom.
As the cousin of Ma Chao, Ma Dai is noted for killing the rebellious Wei Yan in a ploy set up by Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei.
Ma Dai is a trusted general under Zhuge Liang after Liu Bei's death (which happened a little after the death of Zhang Fei and Huang Zhong, two accomplished generals of Shu), often used in crucial parts of the battlefield during Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign along with Zhao Yun and Wei Yan.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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