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The macaques form the genus Macaca of Old World monkeys.
Aside from humans (genus Homo), the macaques are the most widespread primate genus, ranging from northern Africa to Japan. Nineteen macaque species are currently recognised, and they include some of the monkeys best known to non-zoologists, such as the Rhesus Macaque (as the Rhesus Monkey), Macaca mulatta, and the Barbary Macaque (as the Barbary Ape), M. sylvanus, a colony of which lives on the Rock of Gibraltar. Although several species lack tails, and their common names therefore refer to them as apes, these are true monkeys, with no relationship to the great apes in family Hominidae or the lesser apes in family Hylobatidae.
Several species of macaque have been used extensively in medical research.
In the late 1990s it was discovered that nearly all (c. 90%) of pet or captive macaques are carriers of the herpes-B virus. This virus is harmless to macaques, however infections of humans, while rare, are potentially fatal.
In July 2004, Natasha, a macaque in Tel Aviv's Safari Park Zoo began walking upright after a serious stomach flu almost killed her. There has been some debate over whether or not this is evolution. Most scientists are in agreement that it is more likely to be Natasha having to adapt to pain walking on all fours caused by her illness or brain damage. Healthy Macaque monkeys will alternate between walking on all fours and walking upright.
Species list Genus Macaca - M. sylvanus group
- M. nemestrina group
- Lion-tailed Macaque, Macaca silenus
- Sunda Pig-tailed Macaque or Beruk, Macaca nemestrina
- Northern Pig-tailed Macaque, Macaca leonina
- Mentawai Macaque or Bokkoi, Macaca pagensis
- Macaca pagensis pagensis
- Macaca pagensis siberu
- Sulawesi group
- Moor Macaque, Macaca maura
- Booted Macaque, Macaca ochreata
- Macaca ochreata ochreata
- Macaca ochreata brunnescens
- Tonkean Macaque, Macaca tonkeana
- Heck's Macaque, Macaca hecki
- Gorontalo Macaque, Macaca nigriscens
- Celebes Crested Macaque or Black "Ape", Macaca nigra
- M. fascicularis group
- Crab-eating Macaque or Long-tailed Macaque or Kera, Macaca fascicularis
- Stump-tailed Macaque or Bear Macaque, Macaca arctoides
- M. mulatta group
- M. sinica group
- Toque Macaque, Macaca sinica
- Macaca sinica sinica
- Macaca sinica aurifrons
- Bonnet Macaque, Macaca radiata
- Macaca radiata radiata
- Macaca radiata diluta
- Assam Macaque, Macaca assamensis
- Macaca assamensis assamensis
- Macaca assamensis pelops
- Tibetan Macaque, Macaca thibetana
- Arunachal Macaque or Munzala, Macaca munzala
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