The modern Macedonian alphabet (as any Slavic Cyrillic alphabet) is ultimately based on the Cyrillic alphabet (кирилица) of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius; it is an adaptation of Vuk Karadžić's (Serbian) phonetic alphabet. The Macedonian language (Македонски, Makedonski), or Slav-Macedonian , , , , , is a language in the Eastern group of South Slavic languages and is the official language of the Republic of Macedonia. ... This article is about alternative names for the Macedonian language, for information on the language of antiquity, please see Ancient Macedonian language. ... The Macedonian standard language can be said to have been born in August 1944, when a provisional government run by the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM) declared the Macedonian republic. ... The existence and distinctiveness of the Macedonian language is disputed among the politicians, linguists and common people from Macedonia and neighboring countries. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (pronounced , also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used for several East and South Slavic languages—Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, and Ukrainian—and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... Statue of Saint Cyril at Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc. ... Saint Methodius (Greek: Μεθόδιος; Church Slavonic Мефодии) (b. ... Vuk Stefanović Karadžić (Serbian Cyrillic: Вук Стефановић Караџић) (November 7, 1787 - February 7, 1864) was a Serbian linguist and major reformer of the Serbian language. ...

This article treats the application of Cyrillic to the Macedonian language exclusively. The Macedonian language (Македонски, Makedonski), or Slav-Macedonian , , , , , is a language in the Eastern group of South Slavic languages and is the official language of the Republic of Macedonia. ...

Background

Main article: Macedonian language

Macedonian is a southern Slavic language with over 2 million speakers in the Republic of Macedonia, Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, the USA, Canada and Australia. Macedonian became the official language of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia in 1944. The Macedonian language (Македонски, Makedonski), or Slav-Macedonian , , , , , is a language in the Eastern group of South Slavic languages and is the official language of the Republic of Macedonia. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Anthem: (Macedonian for Today over Macedonia) Capital (and largest city) Skopje Macedonian, Albanian1 Government Parliamentary republic  - President Branko Crvenkovski  - Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski Independence from Yugoslavia   - Declared September 8, 1991  Area  - Total 25,333 km² (148th) 9,779 sq mi   - Water (%) 1. ... Anthem: (Macedonian for Today over Macedonia) Capital (and largest city) Skopje Macedonian, Albanian1 Government Parliamentary republic  - President Branko Crvenkovski  - Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski Independence from Yugoslavia   - Declared September 8, 1991  Area  - Total 25,333 km² (148th) 9,779 sq mi   - Water (%) 1. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ...

From the end of the 16th century vernacular Macedonian (referred to in those early texts as Bulgarian) began to appear in writing^{[citation needed]}, though the modern standard written version of Macedonian only appeared in 1945. Since then many literary works have been published in Macedonian. Earlier attempts to write in Macedonian included Krste Misirkov's "On the Macedonian Matters" published in 1903. The first author to publish works of literature in Macedonian was Venko Markovski in 1938. His book, "Narodni bigori" was published in Sofia, Bulgaria. Markovski is also one of the creators of the first version of the Macedonian alphabet, which did not contain the letters taken from the Serbian alphabet but contained the "ъ" vowel, characteristic of the Bulgarian alphabet. His version was rejected and a second version, which was closer to the Cyrillic alphabet of Serbo-Croatian was approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. [1] (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Krste Petkov Misirkov (18 November 1874-26 July 1926) was a Macedonian Slav philologist and publicist. ... Venko Markovski (Bulagrian and Macedonian cyrillic: Венко Марковски) (March 3, 1915 - January 7, 1988) was a Bulgarian writer, poet, and politician from Macedonia. ... Position of Sofia in Bulgaria Coordinates: Country Bulgaria Province Sofia-City Mayor Boyko Borisov Area    - City 1,310 km²  - Land (?) km²  - Water (?) km² Elevation 550 m Population    - City (15 September 2006) 1,246,791  - Density 907/km²  - Metro 1,377,761 Time zone EET (UTC+2) EEST (UTC+3) Website... The Cyrillic alphabet (pronounced , also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used for several East and South Slavic languages—Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, and Ukrainian—and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian (also Croatian or Serbian, Serbian or Croatian) (srpskohrvatski or cрпскохрватски or hrvatskosrpski or hrvatski ili srpski or srpski ili hrvatski), earlier also Serbo-Croat, was an official language of Yugoslavia (along with Slovenian, Macedonian). ... SKJ flag in Serbo-Croat, with Cyrillic script SKJ flag in Serbo-Croat, with Latin script SKJ flag in Albanian SKJ flag in Hungarian SKJ flag in Italian SKJ flag in Macedonian SKJ flag in Slovenian The Communist Party of Yugoslavia (after 1952 the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) was...

The Alphabet

The Macedonian alphabet is as follows:

The following table gives their upper case forms, along with IPA values for each letter's typical sound: For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ...

This alphabet contains the printed form of the Macedonian language, whereas the handwritten alphabet is significantly different. A (А, а) is the first letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Look up Б, б in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Ve (Ð’, в) is the third letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the sound . ... Ge or He (Г, г) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing or in different languages. ... De (Д, д) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Gje (Ѓ, Ñ“) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language and sometimes equivalent to Ñ’, mainly in Serbian words. ... Ye, or E (Е, е), is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Zhe (Ж, ж) is the letter of Cyrillic alphabet which represents the voiced postalveolar fricative (listen), similar to the s in the English word treasure. Zhe is the 7th letter of the Bulgarian and Belarusian alphabets, the 8th letter in the Macedonian, Russian and Serbian alphabets, and the 9th in the Ukrainian... Ze (З, з) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /z/. Its easily confusable with the number 3, for example the stages of the N1 rocket. ... Look up Ð…, Ñ• in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... I or Y (И, и) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet, pronounced in Russian, or in Ukrainian. ... Je (Ј, ј) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian and Macedonian languages. ... Ka (К, к) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... El (Л, л) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... The Cyrillic letter lje (Љ, љ) was originally a ligature of Л and Ь. It is used in the Serbian language. ... Em (М, м) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /m/. Code positions This article is a substub, the first step on the way to becoming a full article. ... Look up Н, н in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Cyrillic letter Nje (Њ, њ) was originally a ligature of Н and Ь. It is used in the Serbian language, where it represents a voiced palatal nasal. ... O (О, о) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /o/. Categories: Cyrillic letters | Substubs ... Pe (П, п) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /p/. It arose directly from the Greek letter Pi (Π, Ï€). The shape of capital printed Pe can be described as a square with the bottom line missing, not to be confused with El (Cyrillic), which has a curved left. ... Er (Р, р) is the eighteenth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Es (С, с) is the nineteenth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Te (Т, т) is the letter representing the consonant /t/ in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Kje (Ќ, ќ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language. ... U (У, у) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /u/. Categories: Cyrillic letters | Substubs ... Ef (Ф, ф) is the twenty-first letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Kha, or Ha, (Х, х) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /x/. Categories: Cyrillic letters | Substubs ... Tse (Ц, ц) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Che (Ч, ч) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant cluster /tS/ or /tS/ (like the ch in change). Categories: Cyrillic letters | Stub ... Dzhe (Џ, ÑŸ) is a letter of Vuk Karadžićs Cyrillic alphabet reform, used in Serbian and Macedonian to represent the affricate (like the J in English jump). It replaces the digraph дж from some other Cyrillic alphabets. ... Sha (Ш, ш) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant sound or . ... The cursive script of the Macedonian language differs significantly from its printed form (see: Macedonian alphabet). ...

Apart from the usual sounds of the letters ѓ and ќ, in certain dialects these letters posses the sounds of /ʥ/ and /ʨ/, respectively. Gje (Ѓ, Ñ“) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language and sometimes equivalent to Ñ’, mainly in Serbian words. ... Kje (Ќ, ќ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language. ...

Unique Letters

The Macedonian language contains a small number of unique phonemes (compared to its neighbors); hence, there is a need for unique Macedonian letters. With the codification of the Macedonian literary language in 1944, the alphabet adopted was ultimately based on that of Vuk Karadžić's phonetic alphabet. This has subsequently led to critisisms of "Serbianisation", particularly from Bulgarian linguists. However, the rationalé for adopting a phonetic alphabet can be alternatively explained by looking at earlier Macedonian texts, namely, the book On the Macedonian Matters by Krste Misirkov. The Macedonian language (Македонски, Makedonski), or Slav-Macedonian , , , , , is a language in the Eastern group of South Slavic languages and is the official language of the Republic of Macedonia. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Vuk Stefanović Karadžić (Serbian Cyrillic: Вук Стефановић Караџић) (November 7, 1787 - February 7, 1864) was a Serbian linguist and major reformer of the Serbian language. ... Serbianisation (Serbianization or Serbian: Srbizacija) is a term used to describe a cultural change in which something ethnically non-Serbian is made to become Serbian. ... Krste Petkov Misirkov (18 November 1874-26 July 1926) was a Macedonian Slav philologist and publicist. ...

In it, Misirkov uses the combinations г' and к' to represent the phonemes /ɟ/ and /c/. In addition, the letter i is used where ј is used today. Krste Petkov Misirkov (18 November 1874-26 July 1926) was a Macedonian Slav philologist and publicist. ...

The letters 'љ', 'њ' and 'џ' are undoubtedly of Serbian origin, but their predecessors are clearly illustrated in Misirkov's book as л' and н' and even earlier in other texts as ль and нь. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Krste Petkov Misirkov (18 November 1874-26 July 1926) was a Macedonian Slav philologist and publicist. ...

Today, the cyrillic lexeme ѕ (dz) is unique to Macedonian. It is, however, much older and is found in the early Cyrillic alphabet. The Early Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in Bulgaria during the 10th century A.D. for the writing of Old Church Slavonic. ...

The accented letters è, ѝ and ô are not regarded as separate letters, nor are they accented letters (like in French, for example). Rather, they are the standard letters е, и and о topped with an accent when they stand in words that have homographs, so as to differentiate between them, (eg. сè се фаќа, sè se faća - all may be touched). (minuscule: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Macedonian. ... Homonyms (in Greek homoios = identical and onoma = name) are words which have the same form (orthographic/phonetic) but unrelated meaning. ...

See also

• Transliteration of Macedonian
• Macedonian cursive

Romanisation of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in the Macedonian language from the Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. ... The cursive script of the Macedonian language differs significantly from its printed form (see: Macedonian alphabet). ...

References

• Стојан Киселиновски "Кодификација на македонскиот литературен јазик", Дневник, 1339, сабота, 18 март 2006. (Macedonian)