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Machal, is a Hebrew acronym which means "volunteers from outside Israel" (מתנדבי חוץ לארץ - מח"ל, Mitnadvei CHutz Laaretz). It is used to describe both Jewish and non-Jewish volunteers who fought in the Israeli armed forces but retain the citizenship of their nation of origin. Hebrew (עִבְרִית or עברית, ‘Ivrit) is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Jewish communities around the world. ...
The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ...
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: ×¦×‘× ×”×”×’× ×” לישר×ל , [Army] Force for the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated with the Hebrew acronym צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces, comprising the Israeli Army, the Israeli Air Force and the Israeli Navy. ...
Small numbers of Jewish volunteers from all over the world have served in nearly every one of Israel's wars; however, the term "Machal" primarily refers to the thousands (including non-Jews) who volunteered to fight for underground Jewish forces in Palestine before 1948 (still under the British Mandate) and for the newly formed Israeli Army (IDF) in the early years of Independent State of Israel; thus including the 1947-1949 period of Israeli War of Independence. The British Mandate of Palestine was a swathe of territory in the Middle East, formerly belonging to the Ottoman Empire, which the League of Nations entrusted to the United Kingdom to administer in the aftermath of World War I as a Mandate Territory. ...
to be merged with IDF (disambiguation) IDF may stand for: intermediate distribution frame (in telephony) Iceland Defense Force Irish Defence Forces Israel Defense Forces The AIDC F-CK Indigenous Defence Fighter This page disambiguates a three-character combination which might be any or all of an abbreviation, an acronym, an...
The 1948 Arab-Israeli War is referred to as the War of Independence (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמ×ות) or as the War of Liberation (Hebrew: מלחמת השחרור) by Israelis. ...
The volunteers were mostly World War II veterans from American and British armed forces. Allied armies were reduced considerably after the end of the war, and released many; moreover, the service experience became mundane and did not suit some servicemen, particularly pilots. In various circumstances, they were invited or heard of the Jewish state's struggle for independence, and volunteered, each from individual reasons. There were Jews and Christians, ideological supporters of Zionism and mercenaries. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, the use of images on this page may require cleanup, involving adjustment of image placement, formatting, size, or other adjustments. ...
A veteran refers to a person who is experienced in a particular area, particularly referring to people in the armed forces. ...
In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to achieve some common purpose. ...
Poster promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s: Toward a New Life (in Romanian),The Promised Land (in Hungarian), the small caption (bottom) reads First Palestinian film with sound Zionism is a national liberation movement,[1] a nationalist[2] and political movement that supports a homeland for the...
Mercenary (disambiguation). ...
The Ha'apala movement (also called "Aliyah Bet"), which attempted to evade the 1939-1948 British Naval Blockade restricting Jewish immigration to Palestine, was assisted by 236 Machal volunteers (former servicemen of the Allied Navies) as crews of 10 clandestine Jewish refugee ships, out of 66 participating vessels. Haapala (literally rising in Hebrew) was the organized effort to help Jews escape post-Holocaust Europe for the British Mandate of Palestine. ...
The journey of Aliyah Bet Group 14 Haapala (Hebrew: העפלה), is a Hebrew term used for the immigration by Jews to the British Mandate of Palestine in violation of British restrictions against such immigration. ...
Navy is also:- shorthand for Navy Blue the nickname of the United States Naval Academy A navy is the branch of the armed forces of a nation that operates primarily on water. ...
A blockade is any effort to prevent supplies, troops, information or aid from reaching an opposing force. ...
In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to achieve some common purpose. ...
The 1948 Arab-Israeli War saw approximately 3,000 foreign volunteers from 43 countries in the Jewish side out of an estimated 29,677-108,300 strong Jewish Armed Force (its size grew considerably throughout the War, owing to immigration into Palestine). 119 Machal volunteers were killed in battle.
One of the most senior Machal volunteers was Mickey Marcus, a Jewish United States Army colonel who assisted Israeli forces during the war and became Israel's first Brigadier General. Marcus's wartime experience was vital in the defence of besieged Jerusalem. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Jerusalem (Hebrew: , Yerushaláyim or Yerushalaim; Arabic: , al-Quds; official Arabic in Israel: أورشليم القدس, Urshalim-Al-Quds) is Israels capital, most populous, [1] and largest city, with a population of 724,000 (as of May 24, 2006 [2]) contained in 123 km². An ancient Middle Eastern city on the watershed...
The largest presence of Machal volunteers in the 1947-1949 War of Independence was felt in the Israeli Air Force (IAF), composing nearly a quarter of its personnel, to the point that English overshadowed Hebrew as the most common operational IAF service language. The Israeli Air Force (IAF) (Hebrew: זרוע ×”×וויר והחלל Zroa HaAvir VeHaḤalal, literally Air and Space Arm) is the air force of the Israel Defense Forces and currently operates around 900 aircraft. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Hebrew (עִבְרִית or עברית, ‘Ivrit) is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Jewish communities around the world. ...
A few hours before the final cease-fire in January 7, 1949, a flight of 4 British RAF Spitfires infringed the southern Israeli border for reconnaissance. They were discovered and attacked by a pair of Israeli Air Force Spitfires, resulting in three British planes shot down. The Israeli Spitfires were flown by Machal volunteers Chalmers "Slick" Goodlin (USA) and John McElroy (Canada). Both were former USAF and RAF pilots, veterans of World War II. RAF is an three letter acronym for: Royal Air Force -- the Air Force of the United Kingdom (see also Air Ministry) Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion) -- a German terror organisation Rigas Autobusu Fabrika -- a factory making buses in Riga, Latvia Rapid Action Force in India RaÄunarski Fakultet RAF...
Spitfire may refer to: Supermarine Spitfire, a single-seat fighter plane used in World War II Triumph Spitfire, a small two-seat British sports car from Triumph Motor Company Spitfire, a slang term for a highly-excitable or passionate person, especially a woman. ...
Seal of the Air Force. ...
RAF is an three letter acronym for: Royal Air Force -- the Air Force of the United Kingdom (see also Air Ministry) Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion) -- a German terror organisation Rigas Autobusu Fabrika -- a factory making buses in Riga, Latvia Rapid Action Force in India RaÄunarski Fakultet RAF...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, the use of images on this page may require cleanup, involving adjustment of image placement, formatting, size, or other adjustments. ...
Covert and overt Cargo flights flown by Machal Air Crews transported weapons and supplies to Palestine from Europe, and thousands of Jewish immigrants from Arab countries. During the Egyptian Army siege on the Negev region in 1948, Machal pilots airlifted thousands of tons of supplies to communities behind enemy lines, usually by night landings of large cargo planes on makeshift, unpaved sand runways, hand lit by oil lamps. The national Israeli airline El Al was partially founded by Machal veterans. Secrecy is the condition of hiding information from others. ...
Wiktionary:Open - definition Open set (mathematics) Open (sport) - A type of competition in tennis and golf (among others) where entry is open to all qualifiers regardless of age. ...
The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are an ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ...
The Egyptian Army is the largest service within the Egyptian military establishment. ...
Ruins in the Negev desert The Negev (Hebrew × Ö¶×’Ö¶×‘;, Tiberian Hebrew Néḡeḇ; Arabic النقب an-Naqab) is the desert region of southern Israel. ...
Categories: Airline stubs | Companies of Israel | Transportation in Israel | Airlines of Israel ...
The integration of Machal volunteers into the Jewish Armed Forces did not proceed without difficulty. Occasional tensions surfaced due to the superior pay and service conditions demanded and given to the volunteers over native Israeli soldiers (mainly in the Air Force); some of the volunteers were adventurers and mercenaries with little commitment to Zionism and to a rigid, disciplined hierarchy. This culminated in the disbandment of the Air Transport Division, following "industrial action" by its Machal personnel over pay conditions. The division was re-established with Israeli personnel. Mercenary (disambiguation). ...
Poster promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s: Toward a New Life (in Romanian),The Promised Land (in Hungarian), the small caption (bottom) reads First Palestinian film with sound Zionism is a national liberation movement,[1] a nationalist[2] and political movement that supports a homeland for the...
Strike action (or simply strike) describes collective action undertaken by groups of workers in the form of a refusal to perform work. ...
After the end of the War Of Independence in 1949, the majority of Machal volunteers returned to their home countries. Some remained to live in Israel; The village Kfar Daniel near the Israeli City of Lod was founded by Machal veterans from North America and the UK. Downtown area of Lod Lod (Hebrew לוֹד; Arabic اَلْلÙدّْ al-Ludd, Greco-Latin Lydda, Tiberian Hebrew לֹד LÅá¸) is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ...
World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...
In 1988, Machal was revived as Machal2000, an Israeli non-profit organization which, in coordination with the Jewish Agency, provides a framework for young non-Israeli Jews to volunteer for the Israel Defense Forces. Machal2000 has received the support of World Machal, an organization representing the veterans of the original 1948-1949 Machal.
See also
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Haganah Logo (1940s) The Haganah (Hebrew: The Defense, ×”×”×’× ×”) was a Jewish paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine from 1920 to 1948. ...
Irgun poster showing their view of the Land of Israel Irgun (×רגון), shorthand for Irgun Tsvai Leumi (×רגון צב××™ ל×ומי, also spelled Irgun Zvai Leumi), Hebrew for National Military Organization, was a clandestine militant Zionist group that operated in the British Mandate of Palestine from 1931 to 1948. ...
Lehi (IPA: , Hebrew acronym for Lohamei Herut Israel, Fighters for the Freedom of Israel,לחי - לוחמי חירות ישר×ל) was an armed underground faction in pre-state Israel that had as its goal the eviction of the British from Palestine to allow unrestricted immigration of Jews and the formation of a Jewish state. ...
to be merged with IDF (disambiguation) IDF may stand for: intermediate distribution frame (in telephony) Iceland Defense Force Irish Defence Forces Israel Defense Forces The AIDC F-CK Indigenous Defence Fighter This page disambiguates a three-character combination which might be any or all of an abbreviation, an acronym, an...
External links
Additional Reading - Flying under Two Flags, by Gordon Levett. Intl Spec: 1994. ISBN 071464102 The story of a Machal Pilot
- I Am My Brother's Keeper, by Jeffrey Weiss and Craig Weiss. Schiffer Publishing: Atglen, Penn., 1998. ISBN 076430528X Interviews with Machal veterans
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