Machiya are traditional wooden townhouses found throughout Japan and typified in the historical capital of Kyoto. Machiya (townhouses) and nouka (farm dwellings) constitute the two categories of Japanese vernacular architecture known as minka (folk dwellings). Machiya originated as early as the Heian period and continued to develop through to the Edo period and even into the Meiji period. Machiya housed urban merchants and craftsmen, a class collectively referred to as chounin (townspeople). The etymology of the word machiya reveals its two parts: machi meaning “town”, and ya meaning “house” or “shop” depending on the kanji used to express it; either one is equally acceptable. This page is about the city Kyoto. ... Vernacular architecture is a term from academic architecture to categorize structures built outside of academic tradition. ... The Heian period (Japanese: 平安時代, Heian-jidai) is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. ... The Edo period (Japanese: 江戸時代, Edo-jidai), also called Tokugawa period, is a division of Japanese history running from 1600 to 1867. ... The Meiji period (Japanese: 明治時代, Meiji-jidai) denotes the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor, running from 8 September 1868 (in the Gregorian calendar, 23 October 1868) to 30 July 1912. ... Merchants function as professionals who deal with trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves, in order to produce profit. ... An artisan, also called a craftsman, is a skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft. ... Etymology is the study of the origins of words. ... Japanese writing Kanji æ¼¢å— Kana ä»®å Hiragana 平仮å Katakana 片仮å Uses Furigana 振り仮å Okurigana é€ã‚Šä»®å RÅmaji ãƒãƒ¼ãƒžå— Category Kanji ( â–¶(?), literally Han characters) is the name of Chinese characters in the Japanese language. ...
Kyoto machiya
The city of Kyoto was originally laid out in a gridlike pattern, modeled after the Chinese Tang dynasty capital Chang'an. The typical Kyoto machiya within that grid was a long wooden home with narrow street frontage, stretching deep into the city block and often containing one or more small courtyard gardens or tsuboniwa. The front of the building served as the retail or shop space, generally having sliding or folding shutters that opened to facilitate the display of goods and wares. Internally the machiya would be split between the kyoshitsubu, divided rooms with raised timber floors and tatami mats, and the doma or toriniwa, an unfloored service space that contained the kitchen and also served as the passage to the rear of the plot, where storehouses known as kura would be found. The plot width was an index of wealth, and typical machiya plots were only 5.4 to 6 meters wide, but about 20 meters deep, leading to the nickname unagi no nedoko, or eel's beds. This page is about the city Kyoto. ... Also the name of a rock band. ... Changan â–¶(?) (Simplified Chinese: 长安; Traditional Chinese: 長安; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chang-an) is the ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in China. ... Stone lantern amid plants. ... Tatami mats (畳) (originally meant folded and piled) are a traditional Japanese flooring. ... Daidokoro (å°æ‰€;lit. ...
Internally the machiya would be split between the kyoshitsubu, divided rooms with raised timber floors and tatami mats, and the doma or toriniwa, an unfloored service space that contained the kitchen and also served as the passage to the rear of the plot, where storehouses known as kura would be found.
In plan, machiya shared with the other major vernacular category, the farmhouse, nouka 農家, a similar internal division into an unfloored service and circulation space, the *doma 土間, and a kyoshitsubu 居室部 of one or more rooms with raised timber floors, overspread in the more sophisticated houses with straw mats, *tatami 畳.
Most machiya were *hirairi 平入 houses with their eaves overhanging the street, but gable-entry, *tsumairi 妻入, houses also occurred in some areas.
An example is the Kuroudoｄokoro Machiya 蔵人所町屋 in the Inner Palace, Dairi 内裏, of the Heian Imperial Palace (Kyoto Gosho 京都御所）.
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