Madurese is the spoken language of people from Madura island. It is classified in the Sundic subgroup of the West Malayo-Polynesian group of the Austronesian languages family. It was traditionally written in the Javanese script, but the Roman script is now more commonly used.
The Javanese language is part of the Austronesian family, and is therefore related to Indonesian and Malay.
It was the court language in Palembang, South Sumatra until their palace was sacked by the Dutch in the late 18th century.
The 8th and 9th centuries are marked with the emergence of the Javanese literary tradition with Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan, a Buddhist treatise and the Kakawin Ramayana, a Javanese rendering in Indian metres of the Vishnuistic Sanskrit epic, Rāmâyaṇa.
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