Madurese is the spoken language of people from Madura island in Indonesia; it is also spoken on Kangean Islands, Sapudi Islands, and in parts of province of East Java. It is classified in the Sundic subgroup of the West Malayo-Polynesian group of the Austronesian languages family. It was traditionally written in the Javanese script, but the Roman script is now more commonly used. Number of speakers though shrinking are estimated to be 8-10 million. Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java, near the port of Surabaya. ... Current distribution of Human Language Families Most languages are known to belong to language families. ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2:1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 2: Alpha-3 code Twenty-two of the languages have two three-letter codes: a code for bibliographic use (ISO 639-2/B) a code for terminological use (ISO 639-2/T). ... ISO 639-3 is in process of development as an international standard for language codes. ... The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language. ... Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone = sound/voice) is the study of sounds (voice). ... Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java, near the port of Surabaya. ... The Kangean Islands, a part of Indonesia, are located in the Java Sea approximately 120 km (75 miles) north of Bali and 120 km east of Madura. ... Map showing East Java within Indonesia East Java (Indonesian: Jawa Timur) is one of Indonesias 32 provinces. ... The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages. ... The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia. ... Javanese script is the script that Javanese is originally written in (not to be confused with Javascript, which is a programming language). ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ...

Phonology and Morphology

Madurese has more consonants than its neighboring languages due to it having a voiceless unaspirated, voiceless aspirated, and voiced sounds. Similar to Javanese it has a contrast between dental and alveolar (even retroflex) stops. Nouns are not inflected in gender and are made plural via reduplication. Its basic word order is Subject, Verb, Object. Negation is expressed by saying a negative word before the verb/adjective or before a noun phrase. As with other similar languages there are different negative words for different kinds of negation. The language is unusual that it does not have any phonemically high vowels. Phonology (Greek phone = voice/sound and logos = word/speech), is a subfield of linguistics closely associated with phonetics. ... Morphology is a subdiscipline of linguistics that studies word structure. ... See also consonance in music. ... In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies the release of some obstruents. ... The approximately 90 million Javanese form the largest ethnic group in Indonesia. ... Dentals are consonants articulated with either the lower or the upper teeth, or both. ... Alveolars are consonants articulated with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge, the internal side of the upper gums (known as the alveoles of the upper teeth). ... Retroflex consonants are articulated with the tip of the tongue curled up and back so the bottom of the tip touches the roof of the mouth. ... Look up Plural on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Plural is a grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the referent in the real world. ... Reduplication, in linguistics, is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word, or only part of it, is repeated. ... See subject (grammar) for the linguistic definition of subject. ... A verb is a part of speech that usually denotes action (bring, read), occurrence (decompose, glitter), or a state of being (exist, stand). Depending on the language, a verb may vary in form according to many factors, possibly including its tense, aspect, mood and voice. ... WordNet gives four main senses for the English noun object: a physical entity; something that is within the grasp of the senses; an aim, target or objective — see Object (task); a grammatical Object — either a direct object or an indirect object the focus of cognitions or feelings. ... Negation (i. ... In linguistics, a noun phrase is a phrase whose Head is a noun. ... In spoken language, a phoneme is a basic, theoretical unit of sound that can distinguish words (i. ...

Common Words

• Man: Lalake
• Woman: Babine
• Yes: iya
• No: enja
• Water: aeng
• Sun: are
• Good: tello'