 Magnaporthe grisea |
hyphae and a spore | | Scientific classification | | | | Binomial name | Magnaporthe grisea
(T.T. Hebert) M.E. Barr | | Synonyms | | Pyricularia grisea This article explains how to read a taxobox. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Magnaporthe_grisea. ...
For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ...
Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota The Fungi (singular: fungus) are a large group of organisms ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Orders Diaporthales Hypocreales Microascales Sordariales Sordariomycetes is a class of the subdivision, Pezizomycotina, which includes ascomycetous fungi. ...
Binomial name Magnaporthe grisea (T.T. Hebert) M.E. Barr Synonyms Pyricularia grisea Magnaporthe grisea, also commonly know as rice blast fungus, is a plant-pathogenic fungus that causes a disease affecting rice, and can also infect a number of other agriculturally important cereals including wheat, rye and barley, causing...
In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ...
In scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different scientific names used for a single taxon. ...
| Magnaporthe grisea, also commonly know as rice blast fungus, is a plant-pathogenic fungus that causes a disease affecting rice, and can also infect a number of other agriculturally important cereals including wheat, rye and barley, causing diseases called blast disease or blight disease. M. grisea causes economically significant crop losses annually, each year it is estimated to destroy enough rice to feed more than 60 million people. The fungus is known to occur in 85 countries worldwide. Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Deuteromycota For the fictional character, see Fungus the Bogeyman. ...
This article is about cereals in general. ...
Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum References: ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 For the indie rock group see: Wheat (band). ...
Binomial name Secale cereale M.Bieb. ...
Binomial name Hordeum vulgare L. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a major food and animal feed crop, a member of the grass family Poaceae. ...
Biology and pathology
M. grisea is an ascomycete fungus. It is an extremely effective plant pathogen as it can reproduce both sexually and asexually to produce specialized infectious structures known as appressoria that infect aerial tissues and hyphae that can infect root tissues. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Look up appressorium in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Primary and secondary roots in a cotton plant In vascular plants, the root is that organ of a plant body that typically lies below the surface of the soil (compare with stem). ...
The asexual life cycle begins when the hyphae of the fungus undergo sporulation to produce fruiting structures called conidia which contain many spores. When these spores land on leaves and other aerial tissues of susceptible plants they germinate, developing the appressorium. The appressorium penetrates the plant cell by producing a penetration peg. Pressure in the appressorium increases and the structure explodes, forcing the penetration peg through the cell wall and into the cell. The fungus can then grow hyphae within the leaf and form lesions. Once established in the host plant the fungal hyphae can undergo asexual sporulation again. Sexual reproduction occurs when two strains of opposite mating types meet and form a perithecium in which ascospores develop. Once released, ascospores can develop appressoria and infect host cells. Spores are transmitted between plants by the wind. A hypha (plural hyphae) is a long, branching filament that, with other hyphae, forms the feeding thallus of a fungus called the mycelium. ...
Sporulation is the developmental process by which a fungal cell, amoeba, bacteria or protozoan becomes a spore. ...
Conidia are asexual spores of fungus. ...
Sunflower seedlings, just three days after germination Germination is the process where growth emerges from a resting stage. ...
A cell wall is a fairly rigid layer surrounding a cell located outside of the plasma membrane (also known, in some cases, as the cell membrane) that provides additional support and protection. ...
Mating type is the term applied to fungal hyphae that are found to have 2 or more distinct allele sites, distinguishing them as being either male, or female. It is necessary to have different mating types meet in order to have sexual reproduction. ...
Diagram of an apothecium showing sterile tissues as well as developing and mature asci. ...
An ascospore is a spore contained in an ascus or that was produced inside an ascus. ...
In 2004 it was shown that in addition to infecting plants through the leaf, M. grisea can also infect the plant roots. The mode of root infection is the same as most root infecting fungi; it grows long hyphae that form an infection pad to gain entry to the root's interior. Once embedded in the root the fungus can produce resting structures. The blast fungus can also invade the plant's vascular system, growing inside the xylem and phloem and blocking the transport of nutrients and water from the roots, and produce lesions on aerial plant parts. 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In vascular plants, xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in plants, phloem being the other one. ...
In vascular plants, phloem is the living tissue that carries organic nutrients, particularly sucrose, to all parts of the plant where needed. ...
The fungus can kill or damage the plant in a number of ways. Aerial infection in seedlings is usually lethal because the young plants are unable to photosynthesize. Aerial infection in mature plants does not kill them, but reduced photosynthesis due to lesions on the leaf and use of photosynthate by the fungus greatly reduces yield. Infection of root and vascular tissues has the potential to kill the plant by cutting off the supply of water and nutrients to the root. The leaf is the primary site of photosynthesis in plants. ...
In 2005 the complete genome of M. grisea was sequenced. The organism is predicted to have over 11,000 genes. It is expected that the genome will reveal the mechanisms of fungal pathogen-plant interaction, in both aerial and root infection. 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In biology the genome of an organism is the whole hereditary information of an organism that is encoded in the DNA (or, for some viruses, RNA). ...
This stylistic schematic diagram shows a gene in relation to the double helix structure of DNA and to a chromosome (right). ...
 Lesions on rice leaves caused by infection with M. grisea Lesions caused by the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, on rice plant leaves. ...
Lesions caused by the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, on rice plant leaves. ...
Distribution Rice blast was probably first recorded as rice fever disease in China in 1637. It was later described as imochi-byo in Japan in 1704, and as brusone in Italy in 1828. The fungus is currently reported to be present in at least 85 countries. In 1996 rice blast was found in rice in California, and has since been found in grasses on golf courses in the midwestern United States. Events February 3 - Tulipmania collapses in Netherlands by government order February 15 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor December 17 - Shimabara Rebellion erupts in Japan Pierre de Fermat makes a marginal claim to have proof of what would become known as Fermats last theorem. ...
Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ...
1828 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ...
Strains of the fungus can infect domesticated grasses such as barley, wheat, rye, pearl millet, and turf grasses in addition to rice. Thus, even when crops are burned to destroy fungal infection, grass weeds can act as a disease reservoir. The disease may be called different names depending on the crop infected; In rice it is called rice blast, in wheat it is called wheat blast, in rye it is called rye blast and so on. Binomial name Hordeum vulgare L. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a major food and animal feed crop, a member of the grass family Poaceae. ...
Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum References: ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 For the indie rock group see: Wheat (band). ...
Binomial name Secale cereale M.Bieb. ...
Binomial name Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. ...
Control M. grisea outbreaks are controlled through the application of expensive and potentially hazardous fungicides. Among the current blasticides are probenazole, tricyclazole, pyroquilon and phthalide. Infected crops are also burned in some areas. A Fungicide is one of three main methods of pest control- chemical control of fungi in this case. ...
With plant diseases, control is a relative term defining disease progress and subsequent loss of desirable plant product (rice grain here). The magnitude of control varies from very little to complete. With rice blast, efficacy of fungicides and plant genetic resistance is determined by the interaction of environmental and cultural conditions.
The fungus has been able to develop resistance to both chemical treatments and genetic resistance developed by plant breeders in some types of rice. It is thought that the fungus can achieve this by genetic change through mutation. Researchers hope that by having the full genome sequence of the fungus the development of effective control methods will be possible. For example, a mutant M. grisea unable to produce a penetration peg has been shown to lack the ability to infect rice. Plant breeding has been practiced for thousands of years. ...
In biology, mutations are changes to the genetic material (either DNA or RNA). ...
Biological weapon M. grisea spores were prepared as an anti-plant biological weapon independently by the United States and the USSR during World War II. There are some anecdotal reports that US officials had considered using rice blast agents to destroy Japan’s rice crop during the closing months of World War II, forcing surrender by starving the Japanese people. There are concerns that M. Grisea may be used as a biological weapon by a terrorist organization. Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of any organism (bacteria, virus or other disease_causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war. ...
Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian...
References - Dean, RA; et al. (2005). "The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea." Nature. 434, 980-986.
- Sesma, A; Osbourn, AE (2004). "The rice leaf blast pathogen undergoes developmental processes typical of root-infecting fungi." Nature. 431, 582-586.
- Talbot, NJ (2003). "On the trail of a cereal killer: Exploring the biology of Magnaporthe grisea." Annual Review of Microbiology. 57, 117-202.
- Zeigler, RS; Leong, SA; Teeng, PS (1994). "Rice Blast Disease." Wallingford: CAB International.
- California EPA. Rice Crop Infestation in Three Counties Leads To Emergency Burn Agreement, February 11, 1998
- IRRI (2002). Fungal Diseases of Rice
- Kadlec, RP. Biological Weapons for Waging Economic Warfare, Air & Space Power Chronicles
- NSF. Microbial Genome Helps Blast Devastating Rice Disease, April 21, 2005
- United States Congress. Testimony of Dr. Kenneth Alibek, 1999
First title page, November 4, 1869 Nature is one of the oldest and most reputable scientific journals, first published on 4 November 1869. ...
External links |
Feeds |
Contact