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Magyars are an ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. In English they are usually called Hungarians, except in some historical texts. This article or section should be merged with ethnicity An ethnic group is a group of people who identify with one another, or are so identified by others, on the basis of a boundary that distinguishes them from other groups. ... The Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság) or Hungary (Magyarország) is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. ... Population: 10,198,315 (2001) Age structure: 0-14 years: 17% (male 878,661; female 834,607) 15-64 years: 68% (male 3,407,368; female 3,535,818) 65 years and over: 15% (male 548,672; female 933,718) (2000 est. ... The word Hungarian has a wider meaning, because - especially in the past - it referred to all inhabitants of the Kingdom of Hungary irrespective of their ethnicity (i.e. not only Magyars). Specifically, the Latin term natio hungarica referred to all nobles of the Kingdom of Hungary irrespective of their ethnicity. The Kingdom of Hungary is the name of a multiethnic kingdom that existed in Central Europe from 1000 to 1918. ... Latin - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... There are around 10 million Magyars in Hungary (2001). Magyars have been the main inhabitants of the Kingdom of Hungary that existed through most of the second millennium. Following its disappearance with the Treaty of Trianon, Magyars have become minority inhabitants of Romania (official: 1,440,000, estd: 1,700,000); see: Hungarian minority in Romania), Slovakia (official: 520,500, estd: 580,000), Serbia and Montenegro (293,000), Ukraine (170,000), Austria (70,000), Croatia (16,500), the Czech Republic (14,600) and Slovenia (10,000). The Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság) or Hungary (Magyarország) is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. ... The Grand Trianon at Versailles, site of the signing The Treaty of Trianon was an agreement that regulated the situation of the new Hungarian state that replaced the Kingdom of Hungary, part of former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, after the World War I. It was signed on June 4, 1920, at... Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ... This article or section should be merged with Hungarian Minority in Romania The Hungarian minority in Romania is one of the largest minorities in Europe, estimated at around one and a half million people. ... National motto: None Official language Slovak Capital Bratislava President Ivan Gašparovič Prime Minister Mikuláš Dzurinda Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 126th 49,035 km² Negligible Population  - Total ( 2004)  - Density Ranked 103rd 5,379,455 109/km² Independence January 1, 1993 (division of Czechoslovakia) Currency Slovak koruna Time zone  - in summer CET... Serbia and Montenegro ( Serbian: Србија и Црна Гора, often abbreviated as SCG) is the name of the union of Serbia and Montenegro, two former Yugoslav republics united since 2003 in a loose confederation. ... Ukraine (Україна, Ukrayina in Ukrainian; Украина in Russian) is a republic in eastern Europe which borders Russia to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest and the Black Sea to the south. ... The Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. ... The Republic of Croatia is a crescent-shaped country in Europe bordering the Mediterranean, Central Europe and the Balkans. ... National motto: Truth prevails (Czech: Pravda vítězí) Official language Czech Capital Praha (Prague) President Václav Klaus Prime Minister Jiří Paroubek Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 114th 78,866 km² 2% Population  - Total (2003)  - Density Ranked 76th 10. ... The Republic of Slovenia ( Slovenian: Republika Slovenija) is a coastal sub-Alpine country in south central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north. ... There was a referendum in Hungary in December 2004 on whether to automatically grant Hungarian citizenship to all Magyars living outside Hungary's borders. The referendum failed, because of lack of interest on the part of the population. Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city but now a state), and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. ... Contents 1 History after 896 2 Origin of the word "Hungarian" 3 Ethnic affiliations and origins of the Hungarian people 3.1 East of the Ural mountains (before the 4th century AD) 3.2 Bashkiria and the Khazar kaghanate (4th century – c. 830 AD) 3.3 Etelköz (c.830 – c. 895) 3.4 Entering the Carpathian Basin (after 895) 4 Later genetic influences 5 Legends 6 See also 7 External links History after 896 The Magyar leader Árpád is believed to have led the Hungarians into the Carpathian Basin (and the Pannonian plain) in 896. Magyar expansion was checked at the Battle of Lechfeld. Hungarian settlement in the area became blessed by the Pope by the crowning of Stephen I the Saint (Szent István) in 1001 when the leaders accepted Christianity. The centuries between the Magyars arriving from the eastern European plains and the consolidation of the Hungarian Kingdom in 1001 were dominated by pillaging campaigns across Europe, from Dania (Denmark) to the Iberian peninsula (Spain). The Pannonian plain is a large plain in central/south-eastern Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ... The Pannonian plain is a large plain in central/south-eastern Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ... Events The Bulgarians, under Simeon I, defeat the Byzantine Empire at Bulgarophygon. ... Perhaps the defining event for holding off the incursions of the Magyars into central Europe, the Battle of Lechfeld (10 August 955) was a decisive victory for the forces of the future Emperor Otto the Great over the Magyar leaders, the harka (military leader) Bulcsú and the chieftains Lél... Pope John Paul II has reigned since 22 Oct 1978. ... A statue of Stephen the Great King Stephen the Great or St. ... For other uses, see number 1001. ... The Kingdom of Denmark is geographically the smallest Nordic country and is part of the European Union. ... topographic map of the Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ... Since the end of the 13th century (except for the period 1538/1541 - early 18th century) the multiethnic Kingdom of Hungary, founded by the Magyars in the 10th century, occupied the whole Carpathian Basin. Despite its name, in sum the state was inhabited by far more other nationalities than Magyars (e.g. in 1780 by 71.1% other nationalities). After WWI the ancient Kingdom was divided through the Treaty of Trianon in many regions based on ethnicities that were incorporated or formed national states of the same ethnicity. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... The Grand Trianon at Versailles, site of the signing The Treaty of Trianon was an agreement that regulated the situation of the new Hungarian state that replaced the Kingdom of Hungary, part of former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, after the World War I. It was signed on June 4, 1920, at... Origin of the word "Hungarian" The word derives from the old Slavic word og(ъ)r- for the proto-Magyars. Through Germanic languages, the word got into other European languags ((H)ungarus, (H)ungarn, Vengry etc.). The Slavic word is thought to be derived from the bulgaro-turkic Onogur, which could have arisen because the proto-Magyars were neighbours of the Empire of the Onogurs in the 6th century, whose leading tribal union was called the "Onogurs" (meaning "ten tribes"). Onogur or Onoghur was the name of the European Avar federation spreading from Pannonia to the Kuban during their 2nd Dynasty under the rule of the Bolgar house of Dulo (also Dub or Dubo, of the Unogundur tribe of Bolgars) from 635–685 CE. It was during this dynasty that... The H- in many languages (Hungarians, Hongrois, Hungarus etc.) is a later error. It was taken over from the word "Huns", which was a similar semi-nomadic tribe living some 400 years earlier in present-day Hungary and having a similar way of life. In ancient times and in the middle ages such false identifications (Huns=Hungarians) often occurred in history and literature. Many historians consider the Huns (meaning person in Mongolian language) the first Mongolian and Turkic people mentioned in European history. ... Still, Hun names like Attila and Réka are popular among Hungarians, and forms derived from Latin Hungaria are used like in the racetrack Hungaroring (mostly due to the strong English language pressure in tourism and international matters). For other uses, see Attila (disambiguation). ... The Hungaroring is a Formula One race-track near Budapest, Hungary, location of the Hungarian Grand Prix. ... An equivalent use in English would be using Britannia, Hibernia and Erin besides the Anglo-Saxon words. Britannia, the British national emblem Britannia may mean: In association with the Britain or the United Kingdom: Britannia, one of the British national emblems. ... Hibernia has several different meanings, for further information see the Hibernia (disambiguation) page. ... For the town in Ontario see Erin, Ontario. ... Magyar is today simply the Hungarian word for Hungarian. In English and many other languages, however, Magyar is used instead of Hungarian in certain (mainly historical) contexts, usually to distinguish ethnic Hungarians (i.e. the Magyars) from the other nationalities living in the Hungarian kingdom. Ethnic affiliations and origins of the Hungarian people The origin of the Hungarians (more correctly Magyars) is partly disputed. Despite many popular theories, however, most serious scholars both in Hungary and abroad tend to dismiss theories about the Magyars being descendants of the Sumerians or the Huns. A combination of linguistic, archaeological and anthropological data gives the following general picture, which is usually accepted by scholars: Broadly conceived, linguistics is the study of human language, and a linguist is someone who engages in this study. ... Excavation is just one stage of archaeological research. ... Anthropology (from the Greek word άνθρωπος = human) consists of the study of humankind (see genus Homo). ... East of the Ural mountains (before the 4th century AD) In the 4th millennium BC, the oldest known settlements of Uralic peoples (Finno-Ugrians and Samoyeds) were situated east of the Ural Mountains. They were involved in fishing and hunting. The Nenets people (Russian name: Ненцы - Nentsy (plural)) are an indigenous people in Russia. ... The Ural Mountains, (Russian: Ура́льские го́ры = Ура́л) also known simply as the Urals, are a mountain range that run roughly north and south through western Russia. ... From there, some of the Finno-Ugrians, probably the ancestors of today's Finns, moved to and settled in the valley of the Kama river (on the other side of the Ural Mountains) around 3000 BC. The Ugrians, in turn, i.e. the ancestors of the Magyars, were settled in the wood-steppe parts of western Siberia (i.e. to the east of the Ural) – from c. 2000 BC. onwards at least. Their settlements were identical with the north-western part of the Andronovo Culture. Some more advanced tribes coming from the southern steppes taught them how to do agriculture, breed cattle and produce bronze objects. Around 1500, they started to breed horses and horse riding became one of their typical activities. Finns may refer to the Finnish people the Sami people (particularly in translations from Norwegian and in historical context) the Fenni described by Tacitus in his Germania and sometimes as a shortform including all Baltic Finnics This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might... Kama can refer to several things Kama, a Hindu god The term Kama also refers to one of the 4 goals of life according to Hindu traditions (Purusharthas) - these include Dharma, artha, kama, and moksha The Kama River, a tributary of the Volga river, in Russia Kama, sickle-like weapons... Siberian federal subjects of Russia Siberia ( Russian: Сиби́рь, common English transliterations: Sibir, Sibir; possibly from the Mongolian for the calm land) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of northern Asia. ... The Andronovo culture, is a name given by archaeologists to a group of Bronze Age communities who lived in western Siberia, Russia and parts of Kazakhstan during the second and first millennium BC. The culture is named after the village of Andronovo in the Enisei river valley, southern Siberia. ... Bronze figurine, found at Öland Bronze is the traditional name for a broad range of alloys of copper. ... horse, see Horse (disambiguation). ... Due to climatic changes in the early 1st millennium BC, the Ugrian subgroup known as the Ob-Ugrians – until then living more in the north - moved to the lower Ob river, while the Ugrian subgroup being the ancestor of the proto-Magyars remained in the south and became nomadic herdsmen. From the definitive departure of the Ob-Ugrians (around 500 BC), the ancestors of present-day Magyars can be considered a separate ethnic group – the proto-Magyars. During the following centuries, the proto-Magyars still lived in the wood-steppes and steppes southeast of the Ural Mountains, and they were immediate neighbours of and were strongly influenced by the ancient Sarmatians. This article is about the Russian river. ... Communities of nomadic people move from place to place, rather than settling down in one location. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC - 450s BC Events and Trends 509 BC - Foundation of the Roman Republic 508 BC - Office of pontifex maximus created... Sarmatian horseman Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae (the second form is mostly used by the earlier Greek writers, the other by the later Greeks and the Romans) were a people whom Herodotus (4. ... Bashkiria and the Khazar kaghanate (4th century – c. 830 AD) In the 4th and 5th centuries AD, the Proto-Magyars moved to the west of the Ural Mountains to the area between the southern Ural Mountains and the Volga river (Bashkiria). For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkiria (Russian: Респу́блика Башкортоста́н or Башки́рия; Bashkir:) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... In the early 8th century, a part of the proto-Magyars moved to the Don river (to a territory between the Volga, the Don and the Donets), a territory later called Levedia. The descendants of those proto-Magyars who stayed in Bashkiria were seen in Bashkiria as late as in 1241. Indeed, many historical references related both the Magyars (Hungarians) and the Bashkirs as two branches of the same nation. However, modern Bashkirs are quite different from their original stock, largely decimated during the Mongol invasion (13th century), and assimilated into Turkic peoples There are several rivers named Don: Don River, Russia, one of the main rivers of Russia. ... Donets (Донец), is a tributary of Don River, Russia. ... Events April 5 - Mongols of Golden Horde under the command of Subotai defeat feudal polish nobility, including Knights Templar, in the battle of Liegnitz April 27 - Mongols defeat Bela IV of Hungary in the battle of Sajo. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... The proto-Magyars around the Don river were subordinates of the Khazar khaganate. Their neighbours was the archaeological Saltov Culture, i.e. Bulgars (Proto-Bulgarians, descendants of the Onogurs) and the Alans, from which they learned gardening, elements of cattle breeding and of agriculture. The Bulgars and Magyars shared a long-lasting relationship in Khazaria, either by alliance or rivalry. The system of 2 rulers (later known as kende and gyula) is also thought to be a major inheritance from the Khazars. The Magyars were probably organized in a confederacy of seven tribes called Jenö, Kér, Keszi, Kürt-Gyarmat, Megyer (Magyar), Nyék, and Tarján. ... Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) a people of Central Asia, probably originally Pamirian, whose branches became Slavicized and perhaps Turkic over time. ... Onogur or Onoghur was the name of the European Avar federation spreading from Pannonia to the Kuban during their 2nd Dynasty under the rule of the Bolgar house of Dulo (also Dub or Dubo, of the Unogundur tribe of Bolgars) from 635– 685 CE. It was during this dynasty that... The Alans or Alani were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of mixed backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and shared, in a broad sense, a common culture. ... Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) a people of Central Asia, probably originally Pamirian, whose branches became Slavicized and perhaps Turkic over time. ... The Khazars were a Turkic semi-nomadic people from Central Asia who adopted Judaism. ... Disambiguation: for the town in Hungary see Gyula (town) Gyula was originally a Turkic word which entered the Hungarian language at some point before 950 CE. Under the system of dual kingship which the Magyars used in the 9th century, the two kings of the tribal confederation were the kende... Etelköz (c.830 – c. 895) Around 830, a civil war broke out in the Khazar khaganate. As a result, three Kabar tribes out of the Khazars joined the Proto-Magyars and they moved to what the Magyars call the Etelköz, i.e. the territory between the Carpathians and the Dnjepr river (today's Ukraine). Around 854, the Proto-Magyars had to face a first attack by the Pechenegs. (According to other sources, the reason for the departure of the Proto-Magyars to Etelköz was the attack of the Pechenegs.) Both the Kabars and earlier the Bulgars taught the Magyars their Turkic languages, from which there are still at least 300 words and names in modern Hungarian. The new neighbour of the Proto-Magyars were the Normans and eastern Slavs. Archaelogical finding suggest that the Proto-Magyars entered into intense interaction with both groups. From 862 onwards, the proto-Magyars (in 862 referred to as the Ungri) along with their allies, the Kabars, started a series of constant temporary looting raids from the Etelköz to the Carpathian Basin mostly against the Eastern Frankish Empire (Germany) and Great Moravia, but also against the Balaton principality and Bulgaria. Events Christian missionary Ansgar visits Birka, trade city of the Swedes. ... The Kabars (Gr. ... This is about the terrestrial mountain range. ... The Dnieper River (Belarusian: Дняпро/Dnyapro; Russian: Днепр/Dnepr; Ukrainian: Днiпро/Dnipro; Polish: Dniepr; Latin: Borysthenes, Danaper) is a river (2290 km length) which flows from Russia through Belarus and then Ukraine. ... Ukraine (Україна, Ukrayina in Ukrainian; Украина in Russian) is a republic in eastern Europe which borders Russia to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest and the Black Sea to the south. ... Events Charles the Bald, Louis the German and Lothar meet at Attigny. ... Pechenegs or Patzinaks, also known as Besenyők, were a semi-nomadic steppes people of Central Asia that spoke a Turkic language. ... Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) a people of Central Asia, probably originally Pamirian, whose branches became Slavicized and perhaps Turkic over time. ... This is the disambiguation page for the terms Turk, Turkey, Turkic, and Turkish. ... This article talks about the Norman people. ... The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... Events Rurik gained control of Novgorod. ... Great Moravia (Czech Velká Morava, Slovak Veľká Morava, Latin Magna Moravia) was a Slav state existing on the territory of present-day Moravia and Slovakia between 833 and the early 10th century. ... The Balaton Principality (also called Pannonian or Transdanubian Principality, in Slovak: Blatensk kniežatstvo, in Bulgarian: Blatensko Knezevstvo) (839/840-876) was a Slavic principality (duchy) located in the western part of the Pannonian plain, between rivers Danube to its east, Drava and Mura to the south, the R ba river... The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. ... Entering the Carpathian Basin (after 895) In 895/896, probably under the leadership of Árpád, a part of them crossed the Carpathians to enter the Carpathian basin. The tribe called Magyars (Megyer) was the leading tribe of the Magyar alliance that conquered the center of the basin. At the same time (c. 895), the proto-Magyar Etelköz was attacked by Bulgaria (because the Proto-Magyars were involved in the Bulgaro-Byzantine war of 894-896) and then by their old enemies, the Pechenegs. It is uncertain whether or not those conflicts were the cause of the Magyar departure from Etelköz. Events Bohemia breaks away from Great Moravia Arnulf of Carinthia undertakes his second Italian campaign Approximate date of composition of the Musica enchiriadis, the beginnings of western polyphonic music Births Athelstan of England Erik Bloodaxe, king of Norway 933-935 (+954) Deaths Categories: 895 ... Events The Bulgarians, under Simeon I, defeat the Byzantine Empire at Bulgarophygon. ... This is about the terrestrial mountain range. ... The Pannonian plain is a large plain in central/south-eastern Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ... The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. ... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... In the Carpathian Basin, the Magyars initially occupied the Great Moravian territory at the upper/middle Tisza river – a scarcely populated territory, to which, according to Arabian sources, Great Moravia used to send its criminals, and where the Roman Empire settled the Iazyges centuries ago. From there they intensified their looting raids all over continental Europe. In 900, they moved from the upper Tisza river to Transdanubia (Pannonia), which later became the core of the arising Hungarian state. Magyar allies - the Kabars –, probably led by Kursan, probably settled in the region around Bihar. When entering the Carpathian basin, the Magyars found a largely Slavic population there, such as the Bulgarians, Slovaks, Slovenians, Croats etc. and minor remnants of the Avars (in the southwest). Influenced by the Slavic population of this territory, the Magyars were gradually changing their pastoral way of life to an agricultural one and took over hundreds of Slavic words. See History of Hungary for a continuation and Hungary: Pre-History and Early History for the background. The Tisza (in Hungarian, Ukrainian: Tysa/Тиса, Russian: Tisa/Тиса, Romanian, Slovak and Serbian: Tisa, German: Theiß, Latin: Tissus, Tisia or Pathissus) is a river, tributary of the Danube and one of the major rivers of Central Europe, passing through Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine and Serbia and Montenegro. ... The Roman Empire is not the Holy Roman Empire (843-1806). ... Iazyges, an Iranian people and a tribe of Sarmatians first heard of on the Maeotis, where they were among the allies of Mithridates the Great. ... For other uses, see number 900. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Bihar (बिहार in Devanagri) is a state situated in the eastern part of India. ... The Bulgarians are a southern Slavic people generally associated with Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language. ... The Slovaks are a western Slavic ethnic group that primarily inhabits Slovakia and speaks the Slovak language. ... Slovenians or Slovenes (Slovenian Slovenci, singular Slovenec, feminine Slovenka) are a South Slavic people primarily associated with Slovenia and the Slovenian language. ... Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a south Slavic people mostly living in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (where theyre one of the constitutive nations). ... The Eurasian Avars were a nomadic people of Eurasia who established a state in the Danube River area of Europe in the early 6th century. ... This is the history of Hungary. ... This article discusses the known pre-history and early history of the area corresponding to modern day Hungary, and the peoples associated with this area. ... Many of the (proto-)Magyars, however, remained to the north of the Carpathians after 895/896, as archaelogical findings e.g. in Polish Przemysl suggest. They seem to have joined the other Magyars in 900. According to other opinions, all the remaining Magyars defeated by the Bulgarians and Pechenegs from the Etelköz fled to Transylvania. Anyway, it is commonly accepted that in Transylvania (Erdély, Ardeal), there is a consistent Hungarian population that is historically not related to the Magyars led by Arpád: they are the Székely, the main ethnic component of the Hungarian minority in Romania. They are fully acknowledged as Magyars. The Székely people's origin is a matter of historical controversy. Some people think that the Székelys were settled in Transylvania in early times, long before the Magyar tribes left Khazaria. See Székely for details. Przemysł, Przemysław, Přemysl or Przemko is a common Slavonic name. ... Transylvania ( Romanian: Transilvania or Ardeal, Hungarian: Erdély, German: Siebenbürgen, Serbian: Transilvanija, Turkish: Erdel, Slovak: Sedmohradsko or Transylvania, Polish: Siedmiogród) is a historic region that forms the western and the central parts of Romania. ... Transylvania ( Romanian: Transilvania or Ardeal, Hungarian: Erdély, German: Siebenbürgen, Serbian: Transilvanija, Turkish: Erdel, Slovak: Sedmohradsko or Transylvania, Polish: Siedmiogród) is a historic region that forms the western and the central parts of Romania. ... Later genetic influences Besides the various nations mentioned above, which mixed with the Magyars during their long way to and at their arrival in present-day Hungary, the Magyars also include "genes" from other people that (were) settled in this territory after the arrival of the Magyars, for example the Cumanians, the Pechenegs and Germans in the Middle Ages, the Turks – which occupied present-day Hungary from c. 1541 to c. 1700 -, and especially the various nations (Austrians, Slovaks, Serbs and others) invited to resettle the depopulated territories after the departure of the Turks after 1700. All of them added their contribution in composing the modern Hungarian nation. The Cumans, also known as Polovtsy (Slavic for yellowish) were a nomadic West Turkic tribe living on the north of the Black Sea along the Volga. ... The Germans (German: die Deutschen) is a nation in the meaning an ethnos (in German: Volk), defined more by a sense of sharing a common German culture and having a German mother tongue, than by citizenship or by being subjects to any particular country. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Areas settled by Turkic peoples in the late 19th and early 20th century The Turkic people are any of various peoples whose members speak languages in the Turkic family of languages. ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... The Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. ... The Slovaks are a western Slavic ethnic group that primarily inhabits Slovakia and speaks the Slovak language. ... Serbs (in the Serbian language Срби, Srbi) are a south Slavic people living chiefly in Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Legends The following text is an example of how people relating the Magyars to the Huns or the Sumerians argue, although most scholars are claiming the opposite. The text, all errors and the lingustic quasi-analysis (which tries to directly relate two languages over a period of 5000 years) are shown without any comments: The Hungarian Chronicles say very little about the early history of the Magyars. The main references to that period are found in two accounts, one of which is the Legend of the White Stag that suggests the unification of three nations: Magyars, Huns and Alans. Of course, the integration of Alans with the Hun/Magyar tribes refers not to the whole people of the Alans, but only to some of their tribes. A valuable document about the story of the magical hunt in early versions was taken from the Hungarian Royal Library captured by the Turks and re-published under the title "Tarihi Üngürüs" (History of the Hungarians), now in the Topkapi Museum of Istanbul. The other reference to that period is very interesting since it mentions ancient rulers and Biblical patriarchs. That document starts with Tana, who is identified with Kush, the father of Nimrod - undoubtedly, the same as the Sumerian Etana of the city of Kish (Kush). The Kushan Scythians also had an ancestor called Kush-Tana. The Sumerian Etana was the first mighty one on earth who wanted to visit heaven, and did - this coincides with the Biblical account concerning Nimrod, and his role in the construction of the Tower of Babel. In the Hungarian account, is son is called Menrot (Nimrud), whose sons were Magor, Hunor, and the ancestors of the Iranians. This resembles the myths recorded by Berosus, the outstanding historian of Babylon. Even the wife of Nimrud (Anuta/Bau) has similar names in the Hungarian version, Eneth/Boldog-asszony. Assyrian accounts refer that Nimrud had twin sons, one of whose names is Magor. Following this mythical ancestor there is a short list of patriarchs who can be associated to early Scythian ones as recorded by Herodotus. This period then is followed by the better documented historic Avar-Hun rulers, concluding with the early Hungarian leaders before and after the settlement in the Danubian basin. They emphasize the strong dynastic bonds with the Huns. The Hun tribes were the heirs of the Scythians by culture and consanguinity. An interesting reference is the burial rites of Scythians and Huns, which were quite similar: the same barrows, burial frames of logs and thick timbers, burial blocks, sacrificial horses etc. Herodotus was an ancient historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC - c. ... Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by an Indo-Aryans known as the Scythians. ... The name of Árpád, the founder of the modern Hungary, can be found in ancient records, from Egypt to Northern Mesopotamia. According to the Hungarian legend of the Turúl Hawk (a mythical bird which corresponds to the Sumerian "Dugud"), Ügyek, the descendant of king Magog (the Scythian king Magog lived in Northern Mesopotamia, according to Assyrian records) and a royal leader of the land of Scythia, married the daughter of Ened-Belia, whose name was Emeshe (a word that means "priestess" in Sumerian language). From her was born their first son Álmos. Álmos, who was Árpád's father, is said to be a descendant of Attila the Hun. See also list of Hungarians Csango Hungarian Prehistory Székely Kabar Turul The following is a list of famous Hungarians taken mainly from The Hungary Page at Nobel Prize Winners and Famous Hungarians. ... Csángó (Romanian: Ceangăi) are an ethnic group of Hungarian-speaking of Roman Catholic religion that live in the Bacău county, Moldavia. ... This article needs cleanup. ... The Kabars (Gr. ... Turul is the mythological bird of the origin myth of the Magyars (Hungarian people). ... External links On the origins of the Hungarians (http://arpad.org/pages.php?menuid=6&pageid=3) by Marcell Jankovics On the origins of the Magyars (http://hungarianhistory.freeservers.com/magyars.html) Categories: Ethnic groups of Europe | Eurasian nomads | History of Hungary | Hungarian people

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	Wikipedia search result (2502 words) Magyars have been the main inhabitants of the Kingdom of Hungary that existed through most of the second millennium. The Székely people's origin, and in particular the time of their settlement in Transylvania, is a matter of historical controversy (see Székely for details). The century between the Magyars' arrival from the eastern European plains and the consolidation of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1001 was dominated by pillaging campaigns across Europe, from Dania (Denmark) to the Iberian peninsula (Spain). 1 (3392 words) The Carpathian fls arrived in the area in the 4th millennium B.C. The Tripolye culture dates from 3800 to 2100 B.C. The Tripolye culture was established in the Ukraine, Moldavia and Romania along the Siret River in the Ukraine. The view that these people were farmers seem unlikely, since the ideal farming areas in Europe were already settled by the Anu and people from the Fertile African Crescent as discussed in this unit. The Kurgan people mixed with the indigenous Africoid people.
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