The Mahdist War was a colonial war of the late 19th century. It was fought between the Mahdist Sudanese and the Egyptian and later British forces. It has also been called the Anglo-Sudan War or the Sudanese Mahdist Revolt. The British have called their part in the conflict the Sudan Campaign. Muhammad Ahmad ibn as Sayyid Abd Allah (1844 - June 22, 1885) was a Muslim religious leader, a faqir, in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. ... Chinese Gordon as Governor of Sudan Major-General Charles George Gordon, CB (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885), known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British army officer and administrator. ... Temporary grave of an American machine-gunner during the Battle of Normandy. ... The Earl Kitchener Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916) was an Irish-born British Field Marshal, diplomat and statesman popularly referred to as Lord Kitchener. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Abdullah Ibn-Mohammed or Abdullah et Taaisha ( 1846 – November 24, 1899), also known as The Khalifa was a Sudanese Dervish General and ruler. ... Temporary grave of an American machine-gunner during the Battle of Normandy. ... The Battle of El Obied between Anglo-Egyptian forces under the command of Lietenant-General William Billy Hicks and forces of Mohammed Ahmed, the self-proclaimed Mahdi, on a plain near the town of Al Ubayyid (El Obied) on November 3rd-5th, 1883. ... The Battles of El Teb (February 4, 1884) and (February 29, 1884) took place during the British Sudan Campaign where a force of Sudanese under Osman Digna won a victory over an 3500 strong Egyptian force under the command of General Valentine Baker which was marching to relieve Tokar on... Combatants Great Britain Mahdist Sudan Commanders Sir Gerald Graham Osman Digna Strength 4,500 troops, 22 guns, 6 machine-guns 10,000 troops Casualties 120 killed 4,000 killed The Battle of Tamai(or Tamanieh) took place on March 13, 1884 between a British force under Sir Gerald Graham and... Combatants  United Kingdom  Egypt Mahdist Sudan Commanders Charles George Gordon† Muhammad Ahmad Strength 8,000 Egyptian troops 50,000 warriors Casualties Entire garrison killed Unknown The Battle of Khartoum or Siege of Khartoum lasted from March 12, 1884 to January 26, 1885. ... Abu Klea is a halting-place for caravans in the Bayuda Desert of Sudan. ... Combatants  United Kingdom  Egypt Mahdist Sudan Commanders Francis Grenfell Wad el Nujumi† Strength 6,000 Casualties Light 1,200 dead, 4,000 captured The battle of Toski(Tushkah) took place in Egypt between the Anglo-Egyptian forces and the Mahdist Sudanese. ... Combatants Mahdist Sudan  United Kingdom  Egypt Commanders Osman Azrak Hammuda Sir Herbert Kitchener Strength 3,000-4,000 men 9,000-9,500 men Casualties 44 emirs killed 4 emirs captured 800-1,500 soldiers killed 500 soldiers wounded 500-600 soldiers captured 20 soldiers killed 81-83 soldiers wounded... Combatants  United Kingdom  Egypt Mahdist Sudan Commanders Horatio Herbert Kitchener Mahmud Osman Digna Strength 14,000 troops 12,000 infantry 3,000 cavalry Casualties British: 26 killed 99 wounded Egyptian: 57 killed 386 wounded 3,000 killed and wounded 2,000 captured The Battle of Atbara was a part of... Combatants  United Kingdom  Egypt Mahdist Sudan Commanders Horatio Kitchener Abdullah al-Taashi Strength 8,200 British, 17,600 Sudanese and Egyptian soldiers 52,000 warriors Casualties 48 dead 434 wounded 9,700 killed 13,000 wounded 5,000 captured At the Battle of Omdurman (September 2, 1898) an army commanded... The Battle of Umm Diwaykarat on November 24, 1899 marked the final obliteration of Muhammad Ahmads short-lived Sudanese empire, when Anglo-Egyptian forces under the command of Lord Kitchener wiped out what was left of the Mahdist armies under the command of the Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, known as... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Wars of national liberation. ... Muhammad Ahmad ibn as Sayyid Abd Allah (1844 - June 22, 1885) was a Muslim religious leader, a faqir, in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. ...

The Mahdist revolt

Since the invasion by Muhammed Ali in 1819, Sudan was governed by an Egyptian administration. This colonial system was resented by the Sudanese people, because of the heavy taxes it imposed and because of clumsy attempts to end the slave trade. In the 1870's a Muslim cleric, Muhammad Ahmad, preaching renewal of the faith and liberation of the land, began to attract followers. Soon in open revolt against the Egyptians, Muhammad Ahmad proclaimed himself the Mahdi, the promised redeemer of the Islamic world. The then-governor of the Sudan, Raouf Pasha, sent two companies of infantry including one machine gun to arrest him. The captains of the two companies were each promised promotion if their soldiers were the ones to return the Mahdi to the governor. Both companies disembarked from the steamer that had brought them up the Nile to Abba and approached the Mahdi's village from separate directions. Arriving simultaneously, each force began to fire blindly on the other, allowing the Mahdi's scant followers to attack and destroy each force in turn. ^[4] This article is about the viceroy of Egypt. ... This article details the Turkiyah, the period of Turkish reign in the history of Sudan from 1821–1885. ... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muhammad al-Mahdi. ... A machine gun is a fully-automatic firearm that is capable of firing bullets in rapid succession. ...

The Mahdi then began a strategic retreat to Kordofan, where he was at a greater distance from the seat of government in Khartoum. This movement, couched as a triumphal progress, incited many of the Arab tribes to rise in support of the Jihad the Mahdi had declared against the "Turkish oppressors". Another Egyptian expedition dispatched from Fashoda was ambushed and slaughtered on the night of December 9^[5]. Kodok (formerly Fashoda) is a town in the southeastern Sudanese state of Upper Nile. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Egyptian administration in the Sudan, now thoroughly concerned by the scale of the uprising, assembled a force of four thousand troops under Yusef Pasha. This force approached the Mahdist gathering, whose members were poorly clothed, half starving, and armed only with sticks and stones. However, the supreme overconfidence of the Egyptian army led to them camping within sight of the Mahdist 'army' without posting sentries. The Mahdi led a dawn assault on June 7 which slaughtered the army to a man. As well as a heroic victory, the Mahdi also gained control of vast stores of arms and ammunition, military clothing and other supplies. ^[6] June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ...

The Hicks Expedition

With the Egyptian government now passing largely under British control (See History of modern Egypt), the European powers became increasingly aware of the troubles in the Sudan. The British 'advisors' to the Egyptian government gave tacit consent for another expedition to be launched. Throughout the summer of 1883 Egyptian troops were concentrated at Khartoum, eventually reaching the strength of 7,000 infantry, 1,000 cavalry and 20 machine guns and artillery. This force was placed under the command of a retired British Indian Staff Corps officer, William Hicks and twelve European officers. The force was, in the words of Winston Churchill, "perhaps the worst army that has ever marched to war"^[7] - unpaid, untrained, undisciplined and whose soldiers had more in common with their enemies than their officers. The History of modern Egypt is generally accepted as beginning in 1882, when Egypt became a de facto British colony. ... Nickname: Khartoums location in Sudan Coordinates: Government  - Governor Abdul Halim al Mutafi Population (2005)  - Urban Over 1 Million For other uses, see Khartoum (disambiguation). ... Infantry of the Royal Irish Rifles during the Battle of the Somme in World War I. Infantry are soldiers who fight primarily on foot with small arms in organized military units, though they may be transported to the battlefield by horses, ships, automobiles, skis, bicycles, or other means. ... Not to be confused with Golgotha, which was called Calvary. ... A machine gun is a fully-automatic firearm that is capable of firing bullets in rapid succession. ... For other uses, see Artillery (disambiguation). ... Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1877-1901 Victoria  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - January-December 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George... William Hicks (als known as Hicks Pascha, 1830 - 1883), British soldier, entered the Bombay army in 1849, and served through the Indian mutiny, being mentioned in despatches for good conduct at the action of Sitka Ghaut in 1859. ... Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC (Can) (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. ...

El Obeid, the city whose siege Hicks had intended to relieve, had already fallen by the time the expedition left Khartoum, but Hicks continued anyway, although not confident of his chances of success. Upon his approach the Mahdi assembled an army of ~40,000 men and drilled them rigorously in the art of war, equipping them with the arms and ammunition taken in previous battles. By the time Hicks' forces actually offered battle the Mahdist army was a credible military force, which utterly anihilated the opposition at the battle of El Obeid. ^[8] Al-Ubayyid (also El Obeid) is the capital of the state of North Kurdufan in central Sudan. ... Military tactics (Greek: Taktikē, the art of organizing an army) are the collective name for methods for engaging and defeating an enemy in battle. ... The Battle of El Obied between Anglo-Egyptian forces under the command of Lietenant-General William Billy Hicks and forces of Mohammed Ahmed, the self-proclaimed Mahdi, on a plain near the town of Al Ubayyid (El Obied) on November 3rd-5th, 1883. ...

Evacuation

At this time, the British Empire was increasingly entrenching itself in the workings of the Egyptian government. Egypt was groaning under a barely maintainable debt repayment structure for her enormous European debt ^[9]. For the Egyptian government to avoid further interference from its European creditors, it was necessary to ensure that the debt interest was paid on time, every time. To this end, the Egyptian treasury, initially crippled with corruption and bureaucracy, was placed by the British almost entirely under the control of a 'Financial Advisor', who exercised the power of veto over all matters of financial policy. The holders of this office, firstly Sir Auckland Colvin, and later Sir Edgar Vincent ^[10], were instructed to exercise the greatest possible parsimony in Egypt's financial affairs. Maintaining the garrisons in the Sudan was costing the Egyptian government over £100,000 a year^[11], an unmaintainable expense. The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... A creditor is a party (e. ... It has been suggested that Interest expense be merged into this article or section. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      This article is about the sociological concept. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For people named Garrison, see Garrison (disambiguation) Garrison House, built by William Damm in 1675 at Dover, New Hampshire Garrison (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, to equip) is the collective term for the body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but... ISO 4217 Code EGP User(s) Egypt Inflation 6. ...

Charles Gordon as Governor of the Sudan

It was therefore decided by the Egyptian government, under some coercion by their British controllers, that the Egyptian presence in the Sudan should be withdrawn and the country left to some form of self-government. It was likely that this would result in the control of the country passing to the Mahdi. The safe return of the Egyptian garrisons stationed throughout the country was therefore threatened unless the withdrawal was conducted in an orderly fashion. The Egyptian government asked for a British officer to be sent to the Sudan to co-ordinate the withdrawal of the garrisons. It was hoped that Mahdist forces would judge an attack on a British citizen to be too great a risk, and hence allow the withdrawal to proceed without incident. It was proposed to send Charles 'Chinese' Gordon. Gordon was an extremely competent officer who had distinguished himself in several campaigns in the Far East, particularly China (See the Second Opium War). However, he was renowned for his aggression and rigid personal honour ^[12] which, in the eyes of several prominent British officials in Egypt, made him unsuitable for the task. Sir (later Earl) Evelyn Baring, the British Consul-general in Egypt, was particularly opposed to Gordon's appointment, only reluctantly being won over by the British press and public. Gordon was eventually tasked with the mission, but he was to be accompanied by the much more levelheaded and reliable Colonel John Stewart. It was intended that Stewart, while nominally Gordon's subordinate, would act as a brake on the latter and ensure that the Sudan was evacuated quickly and peacefully. The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States. ... The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States. ... British Nationality Law ... Chinese Gordon as Governor of Sudan Major-General Charles George Gordon, CB (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885), known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British army officer and administrator. ... The far east as a cultural block includes East Asia, Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia and South Asia. ... Combatants Qing China United Kingdom French Empire Commanders Unknown Michael Seymour James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros The Second Opium War or Arrow War was a war of the United Kingdom and France against the Qing Dynasty of China from 1856 to 1860. ... In psychology and other social and behavioral sciences, aggression refers to behavior that is intended to cause harm or pain. ... For other uses, see Honour (disambiguation). ... The title of Earl of Cromer was created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1901 for Evelyn Baring, 1st Viscount Cromer, the long-time British Consul-General in Egypt. ... Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer, by Leslie Ward, 1902. ... For the uses of Consul as Chief Magistrate of a (city) state, see Consul. ... Print media includes newspapers, magazines, and the like. ... Public is of or pertaining to the people; belonging to the people; relating to, or affecting, a nation, state, or community; opposed to private; as, the public treasury, a road or lake. ... John Donald Hamill Stewart (1845-1884) accompanied General Gordon to Khartoum in 1884 where he assisted Gordon . ...

Gordon left England on 18 January^[13] and arrived in Cairo on the evening of the 24th^[14]. Gordon was largely responsible for drafting his own orders ^[15], along with proclamations from the Khedive announcing Egypt's intentions to leave the Sudan. Gordon's orders, by his own request, were extremely unequivocal and left little room for misinterpretation. Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is God Save the Queen. See also Proposed English National Anthems. ... Nickname: Egypt: Site of Cairo (top center) Coordinates: , Government  - Governor Dr. Abdul Azim Wazir Area  - City 214 km²  (82. ... For the HMS Khedive, see USS Cordova. ...

Gordon arrived in Khartoum on 18 February ^[16], and immediately became acquainted with the vast difficulty of the task. Egypt's garrisons were scattered widely across the country, three (Sennar, Tokar and Sinkat) were under siege ^[17], and the majority of the territory between them was under the control of the Mahdi. There was no guarrantee that, if the garrisons were to sortie, even with the clear intention of withdrawing, they would not be cut to pieces by the Mahdist forces. Khartoum's Egyptian and European population was greater than all the other garrisons combined, including 7,000 Egyptian troops ^[18], 27,000 civilians ^[19], and the staff of several embassies. Although the pragmatic approach would have been to secure the safety of the Khartoum garrison and abandon the outlying fortifications, with their troops, to the Mahdi, Gordon became increasingly reluctant to leave the Sudan until "every one who wants to go down [the Nile] is given the chance to do so" ^[20], feeling it would be a slight on his honour to leave any Egyptian soldiers to face the Mahdi. He also became increasingly fearful of the Mahdi's potential to cause trouble in Egypt if allowed control of the Sudan, leading to a conviction that the Mahdi must be "crushed", by British troops if necessary, if the stability of the region were to be assured. It is debated ^[21] whether Gordon deliberately remained in Khartoum longer than made strategic sense almost with the intention of becoming besieged within the town. Nickname: Khartoums location in Sudan Coordinates: Government  - Governor Abdul Halim al Mutafi Population (2005)  - Urban Over 1 Million For other uses, see Khartoum (disambiguation). ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sennar is also an alternate spelling of Shinar, in a Biblical context. ... Sortie is a term for deployment of one military aircraft or a ship for the purposes of a specific mission, whether alone, or with other aircraft or vessels. ...

Whether or not it was his intention, in March 1883 the Sudanese tribes to the north of Khartoum, who had previously been sympathetic or at least neutral towards the Egypian authorities, rose in support of the Mahdi. The telegraph lines between Khartoum and Cairo were cut on March 15^[22], severing communication between Gordon and the outside world. Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ... Nickname: Egypt: Site of Cairo (top center) Coordinates: , Government  - Governor Dr. Abdul Azim Wazir Area  - City 214 km²  (82. ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Siege of Khartoum

Main article: Siege of Khartoum

An aerial view of the confluence of the Nile rivers. Khartoum lies between the two rivers, and Omdurman on the west bank slightly downstream.

Gordon's position in Khartoum was very strong, as the city was bordered to the north and east by the Blue Nile, to the west by the White Nile, and to the south by ancient fortifications looking on to a vast expanse of desert. Gordon had food for an estimated six months^[23], several million rounds of ammunition, and 7,000 Egyptian soldiers^[24]. However, outside the walls the Mahdi had mustered ~50,000 Dervish soldiers, and as time went on, the chances of a successful breakout became slim. Gordon by degrees considered: Combatants  United Kingdom  Egypt Mahdist Sudan Commanders Charles George Gordon† Muhammad Ahmad Strength 8,000 Egyptian troops 50,000 warriors Casualties Entire garrison killed Unknown The Battle of Khartoum or Siege of Khartoum lasted from March 12, 1884 to January 26, 1885. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x958, 205 KB) de: Die Städte Omdurman (links), Bahri (oben rechts) und Khartum (unten rechts) getrennt durch den Nil. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x958, 205 KB) de: Die Städte Omdurman (links), Bahri (oben rechts) und Khartum (unten rechts) getrennt durch den Nil. ... The Nile (Arabic: , transliteration: , Ancient Egyptian iteru, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. ... Omdurman is in northern Sudan (upper center). ... Map of the Blue Nile (in Spanish) The Blue Nile (Amharic: ዓባይ; transliterated: Ê¿Abbay, but pronounced Abbay; Arabic: النيل الأزرق; transliterated: an-NÄ«l al-Ä€zraq) is a river originating at Lake Tana in Ethiopia. ... The White Nile is a river of Africa, one of the two main tributaries of the Nile, the other being the Blue Nile. ... Boxes of ammunition clog a warehouse in Baghdad Ammunition is a generic military term meaning (the assembly of) a projectile and its propellant. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Sortie is a term for deployment of one military aircraft or a ship for the purposes of a specific mission, whether alone, or with other aircraft or vessels. ...

• Making a breakout southwards along the Blue Nile towards (then) Abyssinia, which would have enabled him to collect the garrisons stationed along that route. However the window for navigation of the upper reaches of that river was very narrow^[25].
• Requesting that a notorious former slaver, Pasha Zobeir, be sent to Khartoum in an attempt to incite a popular uprising against the Mahdi^[26].
• Requesting the services of several thousand Turkish troops be sent to quell the uprising^[27].

Eventually, it became impossible for Gordon to be relieved without British troops. An expedition was duly dispatched under Sir Garnet Wolseley (see below). However, as the level of the White Nile fell through the winter, muddy 'beaches' at the foot of the walls were exposed. With starvation and cholera rampant in the city and the morale of the Egyptian troops shattered, Gordon's position became untenable and the city was eventually captured on January 25, 1885, after a siege of 313 days. This article needs cleanup. ... The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ... Al-Zubeir Rahman Mansur was a businessman who established a large personal empire in central Africa. ... 1882 caricature from Punch Garnet Joseph Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley of Cairo, (June 4, 1833 - March 26, 1913) was a British field marshal. ... The Nile (Arabic: , transliteration: , Ancient Egyptian iteru, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. ... Cholera (or Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera) is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ... is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

The Nile Campaign

Main article: Nile Expedition

The British sent a relief column under sir Garnet Wolseley to rescue him. After defeating the Mahdists at Abu Klea, the column arrived within sight of Khartoum, only to find they were too late: the city had fallen two days earlier and Gordon and the garrison had been massacred. These events temporarily ended British/Egyptian involvement in Sudan which passed completely under the control of the Mahdists. The Nile Expedition was a British mission to relieve Major-General Charles George Gordon at Khartoum, Sudan. ... 1882 caricature from Punch Garnet Joseph Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley of Cairo, (June 4, 1833 - March 26, 1913) was a British field marshal. ... Abu Klea is a halting-place for caravans in the Bayuda Desert of Sudan. ...

The Mahdist period

The maximum extent of the Mahdist state, shown within the modern borders of the Sudan

Muhammad Ahmad died soon after his victory in 1885, and was succeeded by the Khalifa Abdallahi ibn Muhammad who proved to be an able, albeit ruthless ruler of the Mahdiyah, the Mahdist State. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (835x1044, 21 KB) Source: http://lcweb2. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (835x1044, 21 KB) Source: http://lcweb2. ... Omdurman, Sudan. ... Abdullah Ibn-Mohammed or Abdullah et Taaisha ( 1846 – November 24, 1899), also known as The Khalifa was a Sudanese Dervish General and ruler. ... The Mahdist State, 1881-1898 Developments in Sudan during the late 19th century cannot be understood without reference to the British position in Egypt. ...

The return of the British

In 1898, in the context of the scramble for Africa, the British decided to reassert Egypt's claim on Sudan. An expedition commanded by Horatio Kitchener was organised in Egypt. It was composed of 8,200 British soldiers and 17,600 Egyptian and Sudanese soldiers commanded by British officers. The force was equipped with modern artillery and machine guns and was supported by a fleet of gunboats on the Nile. To supply their advance, the British built a railway from Egypt. The Mahdist forces (sometimes called the Dervishes), were more numerous, numbering more than 60,000 warriors, but lacked modern weapons. Cecil Rhodes: Cape-Cairo railway project. ... Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum PC, KBE, KCB, ADC ( June 24, 1850 - June 5, 1916) was a British Field Marshal and statesman. ... For other uses, see Artillery (disambiguation). ... A machine gun is a fully-automatic firearm that is capable of firing bullets in rapid succession. ... A gunboat is literally a boat carrying one or more guns. ... The Nile (Arabic: , transliteration: , Ancient Egyptian iteru, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. ...

After defeating a Mahdist force in the battle of Atbara in April 1898, the Anglo-Egyptians reached Omdurman, the Mahdist capital in September. The bulk of the Mahdist army attacked, but was cut down by British machine-guns and rifle fire. Combatants  United Kingdom  Egypt Mahdist Sudan Commanders Horatio Herbert Kitchener Mahmud Osman Digna Strength 14,000 troops 12,000 infantry 3,000 cavalry Casualties British: 26 killed 99 wounded Egyptian: 57 killed 386 wounded 3,000 killed and wounded 2,000 captured The Battle of Atbara was a part of... Combatants  United Kingdom  Egypt Mahdist Sudan Commanders Horatio Kitchener Abdullah al-Taashi Strength 8,200 British, 17,600 Sudanese and Egyptian soldiers 52,000 warriors Casualties 48 dead 434 wounded 9,700 killed 13,000 wounded 5,000 captured At the Battle of Omdurman (September 2, 1898) an army commanded...

The remnant, with the Khalifa Abdullah, fled to southern Sudan. During the pursuit, Kitchener's forces met a French force under Major Jean-Baptiste Marchand at Fashoda, resulting in the Fashoda Incident. They finally caught up with Abdullah at Umm Diwaykarat, where he was killed, effectively ending the Mahdist regime. Colonel Marchand Major Jean-Baptiste Marchand (1863-1934) was a French emissary in Africa. ... Kodok (formerly Fashoda) is a town in the southeastern Sudanese state of Upper Nile. ... The Fashoda Incident (1898) was the climax of imperial territorial disputes between the United Kingdom and France in Eastern Africa. ... The Battle of Umm Diwaykarat on November 24, 1899 marked the final obliteration of Muhammad Ahmads short-lived Sudanese empire, when Anglo-Egyptian forces under the command of Lord Kitchener wiped out what was left of the Mahdist armies under the command of the Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, known as...

The casualties for this campaign were:

Sudan: 30,000 dead, wounded or captured

Britain: 700+ British, Egyptian and Sudanese dead, wounded or captured.

Aftermath

The British set up a new colonial system, the Anglo-Egyptian administration, which effectively established British domination over Sudan. This ended only with the independence of Sudan in 1956. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was the name of Sudan between 1899 and 1956, when it was a condominium of the United Kingdom and Egypt. ...

Films

The Madhist War provided the backdrop for the numerous film versions of The Four Feathers, a novel by A. E. W. Mason. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require restructuring. ... Alfred Edward Woodley Mason (7 May 1865 - 22 November 1948) was a British author. ...

General Gordon was portrayed in the 1966 movie Khartoum by Charlton Heston, with Muhammad Ahmad played by Laurence Olivier. Charlton Heston (right) as Gordon with Richard Johnson (left) as Colonel J.D.H. Stewart Khartoum is a 1966 film written by Robert Ardrey and directed by Basil Dearden. ... This article contains a trivia section. ... Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, OM, (IPA: ; 22 May 1907 – 11 July 1989) was an Academy Award, Golden Globe, BAFTA and four-time Emmy winning English actor, director, and producer. ...

See also

• History of Sudan (1884-1898)
• Category:People of the Mahdist War

The Mahdist State, 1881-1898 Developments in Sudan during the late 19th century cannot be understood without reference to the British position in Egypt. ...

References

1. ^ Sudan (New South Wales Contingent) March-June 1885. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved on 2007-08-04.
2. ^ only in Sudanese Invasion of Italian Eritrea
3. ^ only in Sudanese invasion of Belgian Congo
4. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger, 17. 
5. ^ Ibid
6. ^ Ibid, p18
7. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger, 19. 
8. ^ Ibid
9. ^ Milner, Alfred (1898). England in Egypt. Macmillan, 60. 
10. ^ Ibid, p86
11. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan, 354. 
12. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan, 564. 
13. ^ Strachey, Lytton (1918), Eminent Victorians[1], p.96
14. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan, 441. 
15. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan, 442-445. 
16. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan, 475. 
17. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger, 22. 
18. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger, 29. 
19. ^ Gordon, Charles (1885). Journals at Khartoum, 8.  - 34,000 total population, including soldiers
20. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan, 564. 
21. ^ Ibid p567
22. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger, 29. 
23. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1902). Modern Egypt. Macmillan, 537. 
24. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger, 29. 
25. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan, 572. 
26. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan, 489. 
27. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger, 26.