 The Algerian bay (view from the west). The Maghreb (المغرب العربي al-Maġrib al-ʿArabī; also rendered Maghrib (or rarely Moghreb), meaning "place of set" or "western" in Arabic, is the region of Africa north of the Sahara Desert and west of the Nile — specifically, coinciding with the Atlas Mountains. Geopolitically, the area includes Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, Western Sahara, and sometimes Mauritania, which is often placed in West Africa instead. Most are member states of the Arab Maghreb Union. An inhabitant or thing of the Maghreb is called a Maghrebian or Maghrebi. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 272 KB) La côte dAlger (Algérie), vue depuis la basilique Notre-Dame dAfrique. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 272 KB) La côte dAlger (Algérie), vue depuis la basilique Notre-Dame dAfrique. ...
Image File history File links Tunis. ...
Image File history File links Tunis. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 1400 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Maghreb Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 1400 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Maghreb Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x900, 365 KB) photo taken 2004sep camera: KODAK DX7440 Source: Daniel Csörföly File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Maghreb Metadata This file contains additional information...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x900, 365 KB) photo taken 2004sep camera: KODAK DX7440 Source: Daniel Csörföly File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Maghreb Metadata This file contains additional information...
The ramparts of Essaouira Essaouira (Arabic: ‎) is a city and tourist resort in Morocco, near Marrakesh on the Atlantic coast. ...
Maghrib (Arabic: of the setting (sun)) may refer to one of the following. ...
A compass rose with west highlighted This article refers to the cardinal direction; for other uses see West (disambiguation). ...
A world map showing the continent of Africa. ...
For other uses, see Nile (disambiguation). ...
Map showing the location of the Atlas Mountains (colored red) across North Africa The Atlas Mountains (Arabic: ‎) are a mountain range in northwest Africa extending about 2,400 km (1,500 miles) through Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, and including The Rock of Gibraltar. ...
Western Africa (UN subregion) Maghreb West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ...
The Arab Maghreb Union is a Pan-Arab trade agreement aiming for economic and political unity in northern Africa. ...
Etymology
The word maghreb is an Arabic term literally meaning "place of setting (of the sun)", and hence "West." It derives from the root ghuroob, meaning "to set" or "to be hidden". It is also used in a manner similar to the metaphorical use "to be eclipsed", which is used in English. The Sun is the star at the centre of the Solar System. ...
In language, a metaphor (from the Greek: metapherin rhetorical trope) is defined as a direct comparison between two or more seemingly unrelated subjects. ...
In Arabic but not in English, Al Maghreb commonly refers to Morocco: the full Arabic name of Morocco (Al Mamlakah al Maghribīyah) translates to "the Western Kingdom". Historically, Morocco was called Al Maghreb al Aqşá ("the Far West"). The English name comes from Marruecos, an early Spanish pronunciation for Marrakesh. Marrakech (مراكش marrākish), known as the Pearl of the South, is a city in southwestern Morocco in the foothills of the Atlas Mountains. ...
Culture and roots Maghrebis are of mixed origins. They are mainly of Berber and/or Arab origins; the resulting mix is sometimes (particularly in Mauritania) termed Moorish. The Trans-Saharan trade brought in numerous West Africans, whose average contribution to the population increases as one goes south. In the northern coastal towns, conversely, several waves of European immigrants have influenced the population — notably Moriscos, Spanish Muslims who fled the Reconquista, Turks who came over with the Ottoman Empire, and French, Italians, Spanish, and others captured by the corsairs. Jewish communities have historically been present in the older cities, and have contributed to the wider gene pool through conversion. In Algeria especially, a large European minority, the "pied noirs", immigrated under French colonial rule; the overwhelming majority of these, however, left immediately following independence. The Berbers (also called Amazigh people or Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. ...
For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ...
For the terrain type see Moor Moors is used in this article to describe the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus and the Maghreb, whose culture is often called Moorish. For other meanings look at Moors (Meaning) or Blackamoors. ...
The Great Mosque of Djenné, founded in 800, an important trading base, now a World Heritage Site Trans-Saharan trade, between Mediterranean countries and West Africa, was an important trade route from the eighth century until the late sixteenth century. ...
Western Africa (UN subregion) Maghreb West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ...
Morisco (Spanish Moor-like) or mourisco (Portuguese) is a term referring to a kind of New Christian in Spain and Portugal. ...
For other senses of this word, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ...
Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 Osman I - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI...
A privateer was a private ship (or its captain) authorized by a countrys government to attack and seize cargo from another countrys ships. ...
This article describes some ethnic, historic, and cultural aspects of the Jewish identity; for a consideration of the Jewish religion, refer to the article Judaism. ...
Pied-noir (plural: pieds-noirs) is a term for the former population of European descent of North Africa, especially Algeria, which was divided into three French departments until its 1962 independence. ...
Berber languages are almost exclusively spoken in the Maghreb, and were originally spoken throughout it. The Arabic dialects of the Maghreb share many common characteristics (like a first person singular present with n-) that set them apart from the dialects of the Middle East and most of Egypt. The Maghreb traditionally used a specifically western variant of the Arabic alphabet, notably distinguished by placing a dot underneath fa and a single one above qaf; this has largely gone out of use since the late twentieth century. The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria. ...
Maghreb arabic is a dialect of Arabic spoken in the Maghreb, including Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya. ...
The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing Arabic and various other languages, together with various closely related scripts that typically differ in the presence or absence of a few letters. ...
The Maghreb largely shares a common culinary tradition; indeed, it was jocularly defined by Habib Bourguiba as the part of North Africa where couscous is the staple food. Habib Bourguiba - 1980 Habib Ben Ali Bourguiba (Arabic: Øبيب بورقيبة) (born August 3, 1903 in Monastir, Tunisia – died April 6, 2000) was a Tunisian statesman and the first President of the Republic of Tunisia from July 25, 1957 to November 7, 1987. ...
Couscous with vegetables and chickpeas Couscous (IPA - Berber Seksu - Arabic: ‎ [1]) is a food of the Maghreb of Berber origin. ...
The region is almost entirely Muslim in religion, following the Sunni Maliki school, although small Ibadi communities remain in some areas. A strong tradition of venerating marabouts and saint's tombs is found throughout the region, still commemmorated by the proliferation of "Sidi"'s on any map of the region, though this tradition has substantially decreased over the twentieth century. A network of zaouias traditionally helped proliferate basic literacy and knowledge of Islam in rural regions. A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ...
Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ...
This page deals with Islamic thought. ...
Al-IbÄá¸iyyah (Arabic الاباضية) is a form of Islam distinct from the Shiite and Sunni denominations. ...
A marabout is a personal spiritual leader in the Islam faith as practiced in West Africa, and still to a limited extent in the Maghreb. ...
Sidi is a title of respect in Western Arabic language (sayyid in other dialects) equivalent to Mr. ...
Zaouia (Arabic زاوية corner), also spelled zawiya or zawiyah, is a Maghrebi and West African term for an Islamic religious school cum monastery, roughly corresponding to the Eastern term madrassa. In precolonial times, these were the primary sources for education in the area, and taught basic...
The traditional city architecture of the region is exemplified by numerous casbahs, old towns with whitewashed walls, narrow streets, multi-storey apartments built of stone, wood, and mud. The Casbah (French) or more correctly Qasbah (from Arabic qasbah, قصبة, citadel) is specifically the citadel of Algiers and the traditional quarter clustered round it. ...
History From the end of the Ice Age, when the Sahara Desert dried up, contact between the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa was extremely limited by the difficulty in crossing the desert. This remained the case until after the time of the Arab expansion and the spread of Islam; even then, trans-Saharan trade was restricted to costly (but often profitable) caravan expeditions, trading such goods as salt, gold, ivory, and slaves. Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ...
A geographical map of Africa, showing the ecological break that defines the sub-Saharan area A political map showing national divisions in relation to the ecological break Sub-Saharan Africa is the term used to describe those countries of the African continent that are not considered part of North Africa. ...
Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (مسلم), believe God (Arabic: الله ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ...
The Great Mosque of Djenné, founded in 800, an important trading base, now a World Heritage Site Trans-Saharan trade, between Mediterranean countries and West Africa, was an important trade route from the eighth century until the late sixteenth century. ...
The slave trade means a trade in human beings treated as objects of commerce. ...
Originally, the Maghreb was inhabited by "Caucasoid" Cro-Magnoids (Iberomaurusians) in the north and by "Black" peoples in the Sahara. Later, about 8000 BC, there came from the east "Caucasoid" speakers of northern Afro-Asiatic languages such as Berber at least since the Capsian culture. Typical Caucasoid skull Caucasoid is a racial classification usually used as part of a phenotypal system, also including other classifications such as Australoid, Mongoloid, Negroid, and sometimes others such as Capoid. ...
A Kenyan man This article is about the different definitions of the term black people. For other terms related to black people, see Black people (terminology). ...
The Afro-Asiatic languages constitute a language family with about 375 languages (SIL estimate) and more than 300 million speakers spread throughout North Africa, East Africa, the Sahel, and Southwest Asia (including some 200 million speakers of Arabic). ...
The Capsian culture (named after the town of Gafsa) was a Neolithic culture of the Maghreb. ...
Many ports along the Maghreb coast were occupied by Phoenicians, particularly Carthaginians; with the defeat of Carthage, many of these ports naturally passed to Rome, and ultimately it took control of the entire Maghreb north of the Atlas Mountains, apart from some of the most mountainous regions like the Moroccan Rif. Phoenician sarcophagus found in Cadiz, Spain; now in Archaeological Museum of Cádiz. ...
Ruins of Roman-era Carthage The term Carthage (Greek: , Arabic: قرطاج also قرطاجة, Latin: Carthago) refers both to an ancient city in North Africa located in modern day Tunis and to the civilization that developed within the citys sphere of influence. ...
Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1,500 km² (580 sq mi...
This is about a region in Morocco: RIF is also an acronym/initialism. ...
The Arabs reached the Maghreb in early Umayyad times, but their control over it was quite weak, and various Islamic "heresies" such as the Ibadis and the Shia, adopted by some Berbers, quickly threw off Caliphal control in the name of their interpretations of Islam. The Arabic language became widespread only later, as a result of the invasion of the Banu Hilal (unleashed, ironically, by the Berber Fatimids in punishment for their Zirid clients' defection) in the 1100s. Throughout this period, the Maghreb fluctuated between occasional unity (as under the Almohads, and briefly under the Hafsids) and more commonly division into three states roughly corresponding to modern Morocco, western Algeria, and eastern Algeria and Tunisia. The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ...
Shiʻa Islam (Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite) makes up the second largest sect of believers in Islam, constituting about 30%–35% of all Muslim. ...
Caliph is the title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ...
The Banu Hilal were an Arab tribe that migrated from Arabia into North Africa in the 11th century, having been sent by the Fatimids to punish the Zirids for abandoning Shiism. ...
The Fatimids, Fatimid Caliphate or al-FÄtimiyyÅ«n (Arabic الÙاطميون) is the Shia dynasty that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Egypt, and the Levant from 5 January 910 to 1171. ...
The Zirids were a Berber dynasty, originating in Petite Kabylie among the Kutama tribe, that ruled Ifriqiya (roughly, modern Tunisia), initially on behalf of the Fatimids, for about two centuries, until weakened by the Banu Hilal and finally destroyed by the Almohads. ...
The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموØدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ...
Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya (1229-1574) Significant Rulers: Abu Zakariyya Yahya I. (1229-1249) Muhammad I. al-Mustansir (1249-1277) Yahya II. al-Watiq (1277-1279) Ibrahim I. (1279-1283) Ibn Abi Umara (1283-1284) Abu Hafs Umar I. (1284-1295) Abu Bakr II. (1318-1346) Ishaq II. (1350-1369...
After the Middle Ages, the area east of Morocco was loosely under the control of the Ottoman Empire. After the 19th century, it was colonized by France, Spain and later Italy. Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 Osman I - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI...
Today over two and a half million Maghrebins live in France, especially from Algeria, as well as many more French of Maghrebin origin.
Maghribi traders in Jewish history In the tenth century, as the social and political environment in Baghdad became increasingly hostile to Jews, many Jewish traders there left for the Maghrib, Tunisia in particular. Over the following two (three?) centuries, a distinctive social group of traders throughout the Mediterranean World became known as the Maghribis, passing on this identification from father to son. Baghdad ( translit: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ...
Source: Avner Greif, "Contract Enforceability and Economic Institutions in Early Trade: The Maghribi Traders' Coalition," American Economic Review 82: 128 (1994). Avner Greif is an economics professor at Stanford University, Stanford, California. ...
A contract is a legally binding exchange of promises or agreement between parties. ...
The American Economic Review (AER) is a quarterly journal of economics published by the American Economic Association. ...
1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ...
Modern territories of the Maghreb Area – Total 28 km² Population – Total (2005) – Density 75,276 2688. ...
Area – Total 20 km² (8 mi²) Population – Total (2005) – Density 65,488 3274. ...
Medieval regions of the Maghreb In medieval history, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah (Arabic: Ø¥Ùريقية) was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria. ...
el-Djerid or al-Jarid (Arabic الجريد, meaning palm leaf) is the medieval name for the semidesert region comprising southern Tunisia and adjacent parts of Algeria and Libya, including several chotts or salt lakes (notably Chott el Djerid in Algeria). ...
A solidus (the Latin word for solid) was originally a gold coin issued by the Romans. ...
The Zab (also known as the Zawa in Syriac) is a river that splits from the Tigris and flows from northern Iraq into southeastern Turkey. ...
This is about a region in Morocco: RIF is also an acronym/initialism. ...
Tamesna can refer to: Tamesna, a historical region in North Africa, that is currently the area between the Moroccan cities of Kenitra and Safi. ...
Tripolitania is a historic region of western Libya, centered around the coastal city of Tripoli. ...
See also The Arab Maghreb Union is a Pan-Arab trade agreement aiming for economic and political unity in northern Africa. ...
The Barbary Coast, or Barbary, was the term used by Europeans till the 19th century to refer to the coastal regions of what is now Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. ...
The Berbers (also called Amazigh people or Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. ...
Moorish Ambassador to Queen Isabella I of Castile The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula including present day Spain and Portugal) and the Maghreb and western Africa, whose culture is often called Moorish. ...
This article is an overview of the History of Algeria. ...
The place names of the Maghreb come from a variety of origins, mostly Arabic and Berber, but including a few derived from Phoenician, Latin, and several other languages. ...
Northern Africa (UN subregion) geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent. ...
Tamazgha is a recent Tamazight neologism for the area more often known as the Maghreb or North Africa, covering the area between the Mediterranean Sea and the Niger River, from the west bank of the Nile river to the Atlantic Ocean. ...
Mashriq or Mashreq is the region of Arabic-speaking countries to the east of Egypt. ...
A map showing Northwest Africa Northwest Africa is the northwestern part of Africa. ...
Maghrebi script from 13th century northern African Quran Maghrebi script is a cursive form of the Arabic alphabet influenced by Kufic letters that developed in the Maghreb and later in Spain, particularly Andalusia. ...
Jews of the Bilad el-Sudan ×™×”×•×“×™× ×”×‘×™×œ×“ ×ל-סודן (Hebrew) describes West African Jewish communities who either had their connection with known Jewish communities from the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, and Portugal. ...
Since Biblical times, the Jewish people have had close ties with Africa, going back to Abrahams sojourns in Egypt, and later the Israelite captivity under the Pharoahs. ...
The definition of continental subregions in use by the United Nations. ...
Earth (IPA: , often referred to as the Earth, Terra, the World or Planet Earth) is the third planet in the solar system in terms of distance from the Sun, and the fifth largest. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
A world map showing the continent of Africa. ...
Central Africa Middle Africa (UN subregion) Central African Federation (defunct) Central Africa is a core region of the African continent often considered to include: Burundi Central African Republic Chad Democratic Republic of the Congo Rwanda Middle Africa (as used by the United Nations when categorising geographic subregions) is an analogous...
Eastern Africa (UN subregion) East African Community Central African Federation (defunct) geographic, including above East Africa or Eastern Africa is the easternmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. ...
Northern Africa (UN subregion) geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent. ...
Categories: Africa geography stubs | Southern Africa ...
Western Africa (UN subregion) Maghreb West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2759x1404, 54 KB) Extracted from CIA World Factbook PDF world map, then rasterized and colored. ...
World map showing the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. ...
World map depicting Caribbean : West Indies redirects here. ...
Map of Central America Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. ...
Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ...
World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...
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This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ...
World map showing the location of Asia. ...
Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...
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Map of South Asia (see note on Kashmir). ...
Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...
Southwest Asia in most contexts. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2759x1404, 55 KB) link title dkrjfjjfffffffffffffffffffffffffvnguigtailewGFGSgfgfFdsguuggsgsugusGUISHGUIYFGHFDGHEAHRUGIDAFGOFDSOGYFOHGUOFDYHOIYFDSYOGIDHB JKZVXCNBJKGDUGKDFH87IHZDJKLGXHGKVCZHBUIJZUIVBHUIVCYUBHFDZKHUIVCVCYUBYVCUIBXChkGHIDAHAYFDUGFGFDZOIGFDZHLGFDZHJLGFDSZhKLZFDHFXGJFSJGFXJXZJXGFGJXJJJJJJFGFFDFHFDZFHHDHFHDZHFDZHDZHFDHFDDHHHFDFDHZFHGFJZHJAYATHZDGXVJGJTDYHDGHBNDZHFXHZGFDHDZHZDZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG World map depicting Europe; map adapted from PDF world map at CIA World Fact Book File links The following pages link to this file: Australia Africa Asia Antarctica Africa-Eurasia Continent Europe Elias Canetti...
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Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ...
Regions of Europe as delineated by the United Nations (UN definition of Eastern Europe marked salmon): Northern Europe Western Europe Eastern Europe Southern Europe Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium...
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Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2759x1404, 54 KB)Oceanias place in the world. ...
For the fictional superstate in George Orwells novel, see Oceania (Nineteen Eighty-Four). ...
Australasia Australasia is a term variably used to describe a region of Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. ...
Map showing Melanesia. ...
Carving from the ridgepole of a MÄori house, ca 1840 This article is about the wider region in the Pacific. ...
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Location of the polar regions Earths polar regions are the areas of the globe surrounding the poles, north of the Arctic circle, or south of the Antarctic Circle. ...
The red line indicates the 10°C isotherm in July, commonly used to define the Arctic region border Satellite image of the Arctic surface The Arctic is the area around the Earths North Pole, opposite the Antarctican area around the South Pole. ...
Antarctic Peninsula glacier. ...
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Oceans (from Okeanos in Greek) are saline waters that cover almost three quarters (71%) of the surface of the Earth. ...
Pacific redirects here. ...
Look up Atlantic Ocean in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The Southern Ocean, also known as the South Polar Ocean (and formerly the Antarctic Ocean), is the body of water encircling the continent of Antarctica. ...
The Arctic Ocean is used by both marine mammals and nuclear submarines. ...
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