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Encyclopedia > Maidan (Kolkata)
Kolkata — the skyline across the Maidan
Kolkata — the skyline across the Maidan

The Maidan (open field) is the largest urban park in Kolkata (earlier known as Calcutta) in India. It is home to numerous play grounds, including the famous cricketing venue Eden Gardens, and to the Victoria Memorial. It was once home to the oldest golf club outside Great Britain - the Royal Calcutta Golf Club. It has been referred to as the "lungs of Kolkata". ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x393, 136 KB) Summary Kolkata Skyline Photo taken by Seaview (myself) Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x393, 136 KB) Summary Kolkata Skyline Photo taken by Seaview (myself) Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... , “Calcutta” redirects here. ... Inside the stadium Eden Gardens situated in Kolkata is the oldest cricket ground in India and is also considered one of the finest in the world. ... The Victoria Memorial is a memorial of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, who also carried the title of Empress of India. ... Royal Calcutta Golf Club (RCGC) in Kolkata, India was established in 1829. ...

Contents

History

Construction of the new Fort William, the one that is there now, commenced in 1758 (just one year after the Battle of Plassey) and completed about 1773. It was in the centre of what was then the flourishing village of Gobindapur. The inhabitants were compensated and given land in Taltala, Kumartuli and Shobhabazar. “The tiger-haunted jungle which cut off the village of Chowringhee from the river was cleared, and gave way to the wide grassy stretch of the Maidan of which Calcutta is so proud. The formation of this airy expanse and the filling up of the creek which had cut off the settlement in the south, led the European inhabitants to gradually forsake the narrow limits of the old palisades. The movement towards Chowringhee had already been noticeable as early as 1746.”[1] Fort William is a British Raj fort in the Indian city of Calcutta and was named after King William of Orange. ... Combatants British East India Company Siraj Ud Daulah (Nawab of Bengal), La Compagnie des Indes Orientales Commanders Colonel Robert Clive (later Governor of Bengal and Baron of Plassey) Mir Jafar Ali Khan (Commander-in-chief of the Nawab), M. Sinfray (French Secretary to the Council) Strength 2,200 European soldiers... Gobindapur was one of the three villages which were merged to form the city of Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) in India. ...


In 1909, H.E.A. Cotton wrote, “The great Maidan presents a most refreshing appearance to the eye, the heavy night dew, even in the hot season, keeping the grass green. Many of the fine trees with which it was once studded were blown down in the cyclone of 1864. But they have not been allowed to remain without successors, and the handsome avenues across the Maidan still constiute the chief glory of Calcutta. Dotting the wide expanse are a number of fine tanks, from which the inhabitants were content in former days to obatin their water-supply.”[2]


Army property

The Maidan was initially developed as a 5 square kilometre parade ground for the forces. [3] While the Europeans moved to the area around the Maidan, the Indians moved away from the area. The richer families such as the Debs moved to Sobhabazar, the Tagores to Pathuriaghata and Jorasanko, and the Ghosals to Bhukailash (Khidirpur).[4]The Maidan has been with the army since it was developed, they are the owners, but administration of the Maidan was one on the long list of duties of the police. Thieves, both Indian and European, were there as early as the 1860s.[5] Legally also, the fort and the Maidan were excluded from the city as per Act 16 of 1847.[6] Nabakrishna Deb (better known as Raja Nabakrishna Deb, archaic spelling Nubkissen) (1733-1797), founder of the Shovabazar Raj family, is famous for the Durga Puja he organised in the newly constructed Shovabazar Rajbari (kings palace) in Kolkata (then Calcutta) in 1757, his patronisation of numerous performing artistes and his... The Tagore family, with over three hundred years of history [1], has been one of the leading families of Kolkata, and is regarded as a key influence during the Bengal Renaissance[2]. The family has produced several persons who have contributed substantially in the field of business, social and religious... Jorasanko is a neighbourhood in north Kolkata. ... Khidirpur or Kidderpore (Bengali: খিদিরপুর khidirpur) is a major locality of the city of Kolkata. ...

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 416 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (591 × 852 pixel, file size: 220 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Own creation Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...

Around the Maidan

While the core of the Maidan has remained untouched except for roads and tram tracks across it, the surrounding areas have seen a lot of construction activity. In 1882, Calcutta Tramways Corporation introduced steam-powered trams across the Maidan from Chowringhee to Kalighat and Khidirpur. In 1889, came the electric trams. [7] Kalikat (Bengali: ) is a locality of Kolkata, India. ...


“The oldest road on the Maidan is the Course, extending from the ‘Cocked hat’ in the north to the Khidirpur bridge. The ‘broad gravelled walk’ on the west side of that portion is the Red Road, constructed in 1820. To the south of the fort is the Ellenborough Course, meant for horse exercises, and towards the east is the Race Course, started in 1819. That was the scenario a century back.”[2]


The Raj Bhawan was built in 1803, the 48 metres high Octerlony Monument in 1848,[8]the museum was started in the Asiatic Society in 1814 but shifted to the present site as Indian Museum in 1887,[9] St. Paul’s Cathedral was built between 1839 and 1847, it was consecrated in 1874,[10] and the Victoria Memorial came up in 1921.[11] On Council House Street, at one corner of the Maidan was the long-defunct Fort William College, [12]which played a pioneering role in the development of many of the Indian languages, particularly Bengali. Government House, Calcutta,by John Christian Schetky Raj Bhavan (Bengali and Hindi for Government House) is the the Governors house in Kolkata, West Bengal. ... Shaheed Minar, literally tower of the martyrs in words common to Hindi, Urdu and Bengali, is the name of the tower that dominates the skyline of the Maidan in Kolkata. ... The Asiatic Society was founded by Sir William Jones (1746-1794) on 15 January 1784 in Calcutta, the capital of British India, to enhance and further the cause of Oriental research. ... The Indian Museum was founded by Dr. Nathaniel Wallich a Danish botanist at Serampore (original called Frederischnagore) near Calcutta in 1814. ... St. ... Facade of the Victoria Memorial The Victoria Memorial, located in Kolkata, India is a memorial of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom who also carried the title of Empress of India. ... Fort William College was an academy and learning center of oriental studies, set up by then British India Governor General Lord Wellesley. ...


The cricket stadium at Eden Gardens came up in stages. Amongst the later additions are – Netaji Indoor Stadium, the M.P.Birla Planetarium,[13]Rabindra Sadan, Academy of Fine Arts, and Nandan. Inside the stadium Eden Gardens situated in Kolkata is the oldest cricket ground in India and is also considered one of the finest in the world. ... The Netaji Indoor Stadium is an indoor sports arena, in Calcutta, India. ... Birla Planetarium[1] in Kolkata (Calcutta) is the largest planetarium in the World near the Government of India tourist office providing a view of the stars and the solar system. ... Rabindra Sadan is a cultural centre and theatre in Calcutta, located near the Nandan and the Academy of Fine Arts. ... The Academy of Fine Arts in Kolkata (Calcutta) is one of the oldest fine arts societies in India. ... Nandan sanskrit means Son. ...


Chowringhee, part of the north-south lifeline of Kolkata came up with the Maidan along what was the old road made by the Sabarna Roy Choudhurys, the old zemindars of Calcutta, from Barisha, where the junior branch resided, to Halisahar, which was the seat of the senior branch.[14]The Tollygunj-Esplanade section of Metro Railway took a little over seven years to build disturbing activity on the eastern end of the Maidan[15]The stations bordering on the Maidan as one travels from the south are Maidan, Park Street and Esplanade. Chowringhee Avenue is the arterial road running fromthe northern fringes of Esplanade southwards upto the RabindraSadan area, in the city of Calcutta, India. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Halisahar, formerly Kumarhata, is a city of West Bengal, India. ... Kolkata Metro Train The Kolkata Metro or Calcutta Metro is the underground rail network in Kolkata (Calcutta), India. ...


The Howrah Bridge has been away from the Maidan but the second Hooghly bridge, Vidyasagar Setu, overlooks at least one corner of the Maidan and Fort William. The Howrah Bridge spans the Hooghly River, linking Howrah to Kolkata, India - the busiest cantilever bridge in the world. ... The Hooghly River (alternatively spelled Hoogli or Hugli) is a distributary of the Ganges River in India. ... Vidyasagar Setu (commonly known as the Second Howrah Bridge or Second Hooghly Bridge) is a bridge over the Hooghly River in West Bengal, India. ...


Statues

The Maidan was dotted with statues of British governor generals and other eminent personalities of the British Raj – Lord Curzon, Kitchener, Roberts, Minto, Northbrook, Canning and others who had known Kolkata well. Two or three of them were put down in the first few years of Indian indepenedence in 1947 but it was not until 1969 that the last sixteen were removed.[16] Over a period of time statues of Indians filled up many of the vacant plinths or plots – Mahatma Gandhi, Ram Mohan Roy, Chittaranjan Das, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Sri Aurobindo, Matangini Hazra, Pritilata Waddedar, Indira Gandhi, Gostho Pal and others. At the north-east corner of the Esplanade stands a statue of Lenin, set up to celebrate the centenary of his birth.[17] The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, KG, GCSI, GCIE, PC (11 January 1859 – 20 March 1925) was a British Conservative statesman who served as Viceroy of India and Foreign Secretary. ... The Earl Kitchener Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916) was an Irish-born British Field Marshal, diplomat and statesman popularly referred to as Lord Kitchener. ... Lord Roberts of Kabul and Kandahar on his Celebrated Charger (Harpers Magazine, European Edition, December 1897, p27) Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, VC, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, PC (30 September 1832 – 14 November 1914) was a distinguished British soldier and one of the most... In 1885, as Middletons chief of staff Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, KG, PC, 4th Earl of Minto (June 9, 1845 – March 1, 1914), known between 1859 and 1891 as Viscount Melgund, was an English politician, Governor General of Canada, and Viceroy of India. ... Thomas George Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook GCSI FRS (22 January 1826 – 15 November 1904), English statesman, eldest son of the 1st Baron. ... The Right Honourable Charles John Canning, 1st & Last Earl Canning (14 December 1812 - 17 June 1862), English statesman, Governor-General of India during the Mutiny of 1857, was the youngest child of George Canning, and was born at Brompton, near London. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: , Hindi: , IAST: mohandās karamcand gāndhÄ«, IPA: ) (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948), was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. ... Raja Ram Mohan Roy is regarded as the Father of the Bengal Renaissance Ram Mohan Roy, also written as Rammohun Roy, or Raja Ram Mohun Roy (Bangla: রাজা রামমোহন রায়, Raja Rammohon Rae), (May 22, 1772 – September 27, 1833) was the founder of the Brahmo Samaj, one of the first Indian socio-religious... Chittaranjan Das (C.R.Das) (popularly called Deshbandhu) (November 25, 1870 - June 16, 1925) was a Bengali lawyer and a major figure in the Indian independence movement. ... Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi: , IPA: , from Persian Javâher-e Laal, meaning Red Jewel) (November 14, 1889 – May 27, 1964) was a political leader of the Indian National Congress, a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of Independent India. ... Subhash Chandra Bose, (Bangla: নেতাজী সুভাষ চন্দ্র বসু ( सुभाष चदंर वसु ) Shubhash Chôndro Boshu) (January 23, 1897 – presumably August 18, 1945 [although this is disputed]note), also known as Netaji (lit. ... Sri Aurobindo (Bangla: শ্রী অরবিন্দ Sri Ôrobindo, Sanskrit: श्री अरविन्द SrÄ« Aravinda) (August 15, 1872–December 5, 1950) was an Indian/Hindu nationalist, scholar, poet, mystic, evolutionary philosopher, yogi and guru [1]. After a short political career in which he became one of leaders of the early movement for the freedom of India from... Matangini Hazra (Bengali: ) (1869-1942) was an Indian revolutionary who participated in the Indian independence movement until she was shot dead by the British Indian police in front of the Tamluk Police Station (of erstwhile Midnapore District) on September 29, 1942. ... Pritilata Waddedar, Bengali Revolutionary Pritilata Waddedar was a anti-British revolutionary in Bangladesh (then part of Province of Bengal in pre-indepdence India). ... This article is under construction. ... Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин  listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a...


Political rallies

“Nowhere do you feel the oppressiveness of Calcutta more than at one of those interminable rallies on the Maidan organised by the CPI(M). They generally start about tea time, they rarely finish before nine o’clock… they are masterly exhibitions of organisation… The platform is high so that everyone on it will be visible at a great distance, and it is large enough to accommodate twenty or thirty… it is illuminated with spotlights, it flutters with red flags, and it has huge red backcloth upon which Lenin is straining resolutely forward from a thicket of banners. Everything is perfectly under control… as they sit there upon the ground, row after attentive row of them, a brigade of young women to the fore… distantly across the Maidan people have climbed trees and others are packed standing on top of the Esplanade tram shelters… there must be a hundred thousand here altogether… the leaders come through the guard of honour to the platform…it is only when Promode Dasgupta and Hare Krishna Konar are having their say… theirs is the oratory that sends men delirious with dreams, that can set a rabble to a march of destruction… when the speeches are done, the leaders begin to sing the Internationale… all over the crowd torches are swiftly lit and held high in flaring salute…”[18] CPI(M) flag The Communist Party of India (Marxist), or CPI(M), is a political party in India. ... The Internationale (LInternationale in French) is the most famous socialist song and one of the most widely recognized songs in the world. ...


The Maidan has been the venue for major political meetings and rallies of all political parties. However, cleaning up the Maidan after a rally is over has become a sore point. The army authorities have decided to levy a caution money from organisers of the rallies and an undertaking to clear the litter in a bid to make the Maidan pollution-free.[19]


Book fair controversy

The Maidan had been host to numerous fairs and exhibitions – Kolkata Book Fair, Handloom Expo, Industrial India Trade Fair, Travel and Tourism Fair, Vidyasagar Mela, Lexpo and so on. [20] One of the reasons is that nobody has taken the lead to develop an exhibition ground similar to say Delhi’s Pragati Maidan in Kolkata.[21]With thousands of people attending the fairs, the question of pollution came up and public interest litigations were filed. The army authorities were alerted and they too started pressurising for the shifting of the fairs to some other site, possibly on the Eastern Metropolitan Bypass. Even the book fair, which was thought of as a cultural event came under fire. One visitor quipped in 2003: “It’s not the Kolkata Book Fair anymore. It’s the Big Bazar, and the trend is here to stay.”[22] When in 2003 the 17th Industrial India Trade Fair with 700 exhibitors came to a close it had drawn in over 800,000 visitors and the commerce and industries minister, Nirupam Sen announced the effort to construct a permanent fair ground off the EM Bypass. He confirmed that the Bengal National Chamber of Commerce and Industry, one of the co-organisers of the fair, has expressed its willingness to be a part of the project.[23] The Calcutta Book Fair logo The Calcutta Book Fair (now renamed Kolkata Book Fair in English, and officially Kolkata Boi Mela in romanized Bengali, Bengali: কলকাতা বই মেলা) is a winter fair in Calcutta. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... The Eastern Metropolitan Bypass or simply E.M.Bypass is a major road connecting the northern and southern part of the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. ...


When the curtains came down on the 29th Kolkata Book Fair in 2004, with a record footfall of 2,475,000 (nearly two and half million) the organisers announced that they had already applied for permission to hold the fair the following year to the police commissioner and defence authorities.[24]


In 2005, The Statesman, a leading Kolkata newspaper wrote, “The Kolkata Book Fair may well have had its last outing on the Maidan… In recent years, almost every part of the Maidan has been used to host all manners of melas and fairs. This, obviously, can’t continue… Our courts of justice are now taking cognizance. The military too has woken up to its environmental responsibility. Even business houses have apparently become concerned. At this rate, it might seem the lungs of Kolkata, and of the people who inhabit it, still have some hope.[25] With both the chief minister and the chief secretary assuring that it was the last year that fairs were to be held at the Maidan, as the permanent trade fair complex along the Eastern Metropolitan Bypass, thereafter the venue for trade fairs, the Kolkata Book Fair and other fairs, was yet to be completed, the army authorities allowed the Book Fair to be held on the Maidan for the last time in 2006. [26] Established in 1875, The Statesman is among the leading daily newspapers of India. ...


The drama to organise the book fair on the Maidan started again in 2007 but Kolkata High Court gave the Kolkata Book Fair its marching orders from the Maidan.[27] The Book Fair was finally held in the Yuba Bharati Krirangan in 2007.[28] Other fairs were shifted out earlier.[29] However, there still are people who think that the Kolkata Book Fair cannot be properly be organised, except on the Maidan. Calcutta High Court The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in India. ... {{Infobox_Football_(soccer)_stadium arenaname = Salt Lake Stadium| nickname = Salt Lake Stadium image = | fullname = |Yuva Bharati Krirangan location = |Salt Lake (Bridhan Nagar), Kolkata built = | opened = | closed = N/A | demolished = N/A | owner = | operator = | surface = |Grass, with astroturf athletic track construction_cost = | architect = | former_names = | tenants = East Bengal Club, Mohammedan Sporting | capacity = 120,000...


The Maidan in Bengali psyche

When Bethune (1801 – 1851), set up in 1859 the girls’ school that later bore his name, the noted Bengali poet of the period, Ishwar Chandra Gupta (1812 – 1859) focussed the spirit of public indignation as follows: John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune (1801-1851), was a pioneer in spreading women’s education in India. ... Ishwar Chandra Gupta (Bengali: ) (March, 1812-January 23, 1859), was a Bengali poet and writer. ...

jato chhunrigulo turi mere ketab hatey nichhey jabey,
A B sikhey, bibi sejey, bilati bol kabei kabey;
aar kichhu din thakrey bhai! pabei pabe dekhte pabe,
apon hatey hankiye bogey, garer maatthey haoa khabey.

(When all the lasses have started learning the alphabet, picking up the book, feigning to be English ladies, they will definitely splash the tongue foreign; Brothers, wait for few more days! And you will be able to have a look, they will drive to the grounds of the fort for roaming around, commanding the rein.) [30]


People did not have to wait for long. After Jyotirindranath Tagore (1849 – 1925) taught his wife, Kadambari, horse-riding on the Maidan defying the conservative society of the time, Bengali society could never be the same again.[31][32] See Tagore for disambiguation Jyotirindranath Tagore (May 4, 1849 – March 4, 1925) was a playwright, a musician, an editor and a painter. ...


Life on the maidan

The roads on the Maidan are dotted with tiny greenish bungalows (club houses) belonging to various sports clubs. There are numerous patches for playing. Some of the larger clubs occupy the fields with wooden galleries. The big three of Kolkata football, Mohun Bagan, East Bengal and Mohammedan Sporting have a noticeable presence but there also are names with faded glory such as Rangers. Somewhere in between fit in organisations such as Kennel Club and Press Club. There also are lower order clubs, who do not have much of a following but have a noticaeable contribution and sometimes spring a surprise – Wari, Aryans, Rajasthan and so on – and a host of office clubs. Mohun Bagan Athletic Club (Mohun Bagan AC) is a Sports Club, best known for its football team, based in the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Mohammedan Sporting Club is a football club in Kolkata, India. ...


Indian cricket began its long journey with a two day match on the Maidan in January 1804 between old Etonians employed by the East India Company.[33]World’s oldest hockey tournament, Beighton Cup was instituted in 1895, and is usually held on the Mohun Bagan ground in the Maidan.[34]For the Indian Football Association, the Maidan has been the nerve centre. The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... A game of field hockey in progress Field hockey is a popular sport for men and women in many countries around the world. ... Beighton Cup is the oldest field hockey tournament in the world. ... See also: 1894 in sports, other events of 1895, 1896 in sports and the list of years in sports. // Auto racing First real autorace, from Paris to Bordeaux. ... Mohun Bagan Ground The first ground of the Club was inside the famous marble palace, owned by Kirti Mitra of the Mitra family, known as Mohun Bagan Villa. ... The Indian Football Association (IFA) is the organisation that administers association football in the state of West Bengal, India. ...


The Maidan is not just cricket, football and hockey, apart ofcourse from army parades. It is so many things to so many people. There are washermen who wash clothes and themselves in its ponds, shepherds tend their flocks, [33]the health conscious citizens take their morning walks, the last vestiges of the horse-drawn hackney carriages ply on its fringes entertaining merry makers and businessmen make money. When Jamshetji Framji Madan entered the ‘bioscope’ scene in 1902, he bagn to screen films in tents one of which was set up on the Maidan.[35] In Satyajit Ray’s film Jana Arayanya there is a shot showing two unemployed young men, observing the sprawling urban comedy around them on the Maidan, identify the typical office clerk in the crowd. He is presented in a long shot, puny against the towering though squalid cityscape, trudging home after a nine-to-five day.[36] Life on the Maidan is the quintessece of life in Kolkata.   (Bengali: সত্যজিত্ রায় Shottojit Rae) (May 2, 1921–April 23, 1992) was an Indian filmmaker who is widely regarded as one of the greatest auteurs of 20th century cinema. ...


References

  1. ^ Cotton, H.E.A., Calcutta Old and New, 1909/1980, p 72, General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
  2. ^ a b Cotton, H.E.A., pp. 220-221.
  3. ^ Cotton, H.E.A., p. 3
  4. ^ Cotton, H.E.A., p. 11
  5. ^ Cotton, H.E.A., p. 242
  6. ^ Chakraborty, Satyesh, The Growth of Calcutta in the Twentieth Century, in Calcutta, the Living City, Vol II, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, 1990/2005, p.2, Oxford University Press, ISBN 019 563697 X.
  7. ^ Cotton, H.E.A., p. 235
  8. ^ Shahid Minar (Ochterlony Monument). kolkatainformation.com. Retrieved on 2007-05-04.
  9. ^ Indian Museum Kolkata. The Official Website. indianmuseumkolkata.com. Retrieved on 2007-05-04.
  10. ^ Calcutta Sight Seeing. indiatravelite.com. Retrieved on 2007-05-04.
  11. ^ The Official webiste of Victoria Memorial Hall, Calcutta. The Official Website. victoriamemorial.com. Retrieved on 2007-05-04.
  12. ^ Cotton, H.E.A., p. 271
  13. ^ M.P.Birla Planetarium. The Official Website. education.vsnl.com. Retrieved on 2007-05-04.
  14. ^ Cotton, H.E.A., p 283.
  15. ^ Roy, Tathagata, The Calcutta Metro, in Calcutta, the Living City, Vol II, p.158
  16. ^ Moorhouse, Geoffrey, Calcutta, the City Revealed, first published 1971, Penguin Books 1986 edition, p. 227, ISBN 0-14-009557-8
  17. ^ Moorhouse, Geoffrey, p. 329.
  18. ^ Moorhouse, Geoffrey, pp. 154-155
  19. ^ Go-ahead for rallies likely. Bengal. The Statesman, 23 December 2005.. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.
  20. ^ Fairs in Kolkata. Travel in Kolkata. www.kolkatahub.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-23.
  21. ^ Maidan reprieve Left’s policy on fairs under fire. Editorial. The Statesman, 16 December 2003. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.
  22. ^ The big Book Fair bazaar. World. The Statesman, 4 February 2003.. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.
  23. ^ Trade fair draws to a close. Kolkata Plus. The Statesman, 31 December 2003.. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.
  24. ^ Curtain down on the book fair with death. Kolkata Plus. The Statesman, 9 February 2004.. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.
  25. ^ Mourning the death of Boi Mela. Perspective. The Statesman, 22 February 2005.. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.
  26. ^ Maidan fair ground again. Perspective. The Statesman, 17 November 2005.. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.
  27. ^ Foul is not fair. Editorial. The Statesman, 31 January 2007.. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.
  28. ^ Book Fair in Salt Lake from 10 to 21 Feb. Page One. The Statesman, 1 February 2007.. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.
  29. ^ Trade Fair shifted to Bidhannagar. Bengal Plus. The Statesman, 18 January 2007.. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.
  30. ^ Sastri, Sivanath, Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Banga Samaj, (Bengali) , pp. 113-114, New Age Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
  31. ^ Dastider, Shipra. Jyotirindranath Tagore. Banglapedia. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Retrieved on 2007-04-24.
  32. ^ Deb, Chitra, Jorasanko and the Thakur Family, in Calcutta, the Living City, Vol I, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, p. 66, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195636961
  33. ^ a b Moorhouse, Geoffrey, p. 228
  34. ^ Beighton Cup. bharatiyahockey.org. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
  35. ^ Banerji, Samik, The Early Years of Calcutta Cinema, in Calcutta, the Living City, Vol II, p. 294.
  36. ^ Biswas, Moinak, Modern Calcutta Cinema, in Calcutta, the Living City, Vol II, p. 304.
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Kolkata-related topics
History Bengal Renaissance · Black Hole of Calcutta · Calcutta Flag · Direct Action Day · Hindu Mela · History of Kolkata · Job Charnock · Kalighat Falta Railway · Robert Clive · Sabarna Roy Choudhury Paribar Parishad · Sutanuti · The Calcutta Quran Petition · Warren Hastings
Localities Ballygunge · Baranagar · Barisha · Barasat · Barrackpore · B. B. D. Bagh · Bhowanipore · Bow barracks · Chitpur · Dakshineswar · Dum Dum · Esplanade · Garia · Jadavpur · Jorasanko · Kolkata Metropolitan Area · Kolkata neighbourhoods · Maniktala · Metiabruz · Rajarhat · Salt Lake · Sonagachi · Tollygunge
Streets of Kolkata Roads by wards · Chittaranjan Avenue · Chowringhee Avenue · College Street · Eastern Metropolitan Bypass · Free School Street · Park Street · Sudder street · Ballygunge Circular Road · Gurusaday Dutta Road · Gariahat Road · Rashbehari Avenue · Prince Anwar Shah Road
Restaurants of Kolkata All City Restaurants by cuisine · All Restaurants · Sonargaon · Mocambo · Peter Cat · Zaranj · Mainland China · Marco Polo · Waldorf · Peiping
Buildings Belvedere Estate · Indian Museum · Jorasanko Thakur Bari · Marble Palace · National Library of India · Raj Bhavan · Sabarna Sangrahashala · Shaheed Minar · Victoria Memorial · Writers' building
Education All Kolkata Schools · Calcutta Boys' School · Education in Kolkata · Hare School · La Martiniere Calcutta · Loreto School · D.A.V Public School · South Point High School · St James' School
Higher Education Asiatic Society · Bengal Engineering & Science University · Marine Engineering and Research Institute · Bethune College · Medical College Kolkata · Calcutta National Medical College · Centre for Studies in Social Sciences · Indian Institute of Management · Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management · Indian Statistical Institute · Jadavpur University · La Martiniere College · Maulana Azad College · National Library of India · Netaji Subhas Open University · Presidency College · Rabindra Bharati University · Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics · School of Tropical Medicine · Scottish Church College · St. Xavier's College · University of Calcutta · West Bengal University of Health Sciences · West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences · West Bengal University of Technology · Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
Industry and Economy CESC · Calcutta Stock Exchange · Economy of Kolkata · Hindustan Ambassador · Kolkata Port Trust,
Transport Auto rickshaw · Eastern Railway · Howrah Bridge · Howrah Station · Kolkata Metro · Calcutta Tramways Company · Kolkata Circular Railway · Kolkata Suburban Railway · Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport · Rickshaw · Sealdah · South Eastern Railway · Tram · Vidyasagar Setu · Vivekananda Setu,
Culture Bangla band · Kolkata Book Fair · Calcutta Youth Choir · Dover Lane music festival · Dwarkin · Festivals in Kolkata · Kolkata culture · Kolkata Film Festival · Kolkata in the media · Nandan · Rabindra Nritya Natya · Rabindra Sangeet · Ritwik Ghatak · Satyajit Ray
Places of worship Dakshineswar Kali Temple · Kalighat · St. Paul’s Cathedral · Tipu Sultan Mosque
Sports Beighton Cup · Calcutta Cricket and Football Club · Calcutta Football League · East Bengal Club · Eden Gardens · IFA Shield · Mohammedan Sporting Club · Mohun Bagan Athletic Club · Salt Lake Stadium
Other topics Adwaita · Alipore Zoological Gardens · Central Forensic Science Laboratory · Civil Society and Non-Government Organisations in Kolkata · Famous people from Kolkata · Fort William · Hooghly River · Indian Botanical Gardens · Kolkata image gallery · Kolkata trivia · Kundu Special · Legendary personalities in Bengal · Maidan · Missionaries of Charity · Rabindra Sarobar


 

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